第一篇：朱老师作文讲座第一讲
郑西客运专线知识讲座第一讲
(职教科)
一、工程概况
郑西客运专线是我国中长期铁路规划中10条客运专线中徐兰客运专线(徐州-郑州-西安-宝鸡-兰州,东起江苏徐州经郑州、洛阳、西安、宝鸡至兰州，全长约1400公里，线路走向大体上与既有陇海铁路平行)最先开工的一段。线路全长484.518公里，设计最高行车速度为350公里/时，按双线建设，建设工期4年。线路建成后，预计最大年输送能力8340万人，从西安两个小时即可抵达郑州。
郑西客运专线由郑州枢纽配套工程、郑州至西安段和西安枢纽配套工程三部分组成。西安枢纽配套工程中，客运专线正线于新临潼站与西康线柳树村车站、陇海线窑村站间设联络线。
郑西段运量预测：
----近期2018年单向区段客流密度郑州-洛阳4200万人，洛阳-西安4000万人;
----远期2028年单向区段客流密度郑州-洛阳5800万人，洛阳-西安5300万人。
郑西段主要技术标准：
----最小曲线半径：7000米。
----正线间距：5米
----最大坡度：20‰。
----到发线有效长：700米。
----电动车组。
----列车运行自动控制。
----综合调度集中。
郑西段工程概况：
---主要地形特征为丘陵、黄土台塬和渭河盆地，煤矿采空区和湿陷性黄土为主要不良地质。
---全线桥隧占线路长度的68%。
郑西段主要技术方案：
----引入郑州枢纽初期利用既有郑州站，结合京广客运专线建设，规划在郑州新区建新客站。
----线路经洛阳、三门峡采用新建客站方案。
----引入西安枢纽采用新建西安北站，与西安站合理分工，适应旅客运输需求。
----郑州、西安设动车技术整备所。
郑西段投资估算：
----工程总投资342亿元(不含西安北站)。
----财务内部收益率6.27%。投资回收期16.94年。
二、电力变配电所
1.段管内新建新华山、新渭南、西安北客站10KV配电所，按两路电源供电设计，给车站负荷及贯通线供电。
2.配电所采取综合自动化系统，按无人值班设计。
三、电力贯通线、自闭线
1.新建2回10KV电力贯通线、自闭线，给沿线信号、通信等负荷供电，贯通线采用电缆。
2.车站综合负荷由配电所供电，与行车、安全有关的信号、通信、防灾监控系统等重要负荷采用2路电源供电，并从贯通线上引备用电源。
3.车站供电变压器按室内设计，区间负荷采用箱式变电站供电，设备布臵应尽量靠近区间通信、信号设备。
4.全线供电设施纳入综合SCADA系统，集中监控。
5.立交桥机械抽水设备等大容量负荷引接地方公用电源。
四、电气化
(一)、牵引供电系统及变电所
1.采用AT供电方式，普速联络线等采用直接供电方式。
2.段管内新建新华山、新渭南、新临潼、西安北客站四座牵引变电所。
3.牵引变电所引接2回独立电源供电，陕西境内采用330KV电源。
4.牵引变压器采用自冷方式，预留风冷条件，每所设臵四台主变，2×63MVA，两台运行，两台备用。
5.在相邻变电所之间设臵分区所，在供电臂中间设臵AT所，分区所和AT所尽量合建。
6.分区所、AT所自耦变压器采用固定备用，分区所、AT所上下行并联开关采用断路器。
7.牵引变电所、分区所、AT所均纳入综合SCADA系统，按无人
值班，有人值守设计。(综合SCADA系统纳入武汉调度所)
8. 牵引变电所、开闭所、分区所、AT所自用交流电源，采用一路引接10KV贯通线电源，一路由变电所27.5KV母线引接自用变压器提供0.4KV电源。
(二)、接触网
1.接触网悬挂方式采用全补偿链形悬挂，结构高度一般为1600mm，正线接触线采用150mm2铜合金线，张力不小于25KN，客专车站站线及渡线、联络线、动车组走行线采用120mm2铜合金线;95mm2铜合金承力索;正馈线、保护线等附加导线采用铝包钢芯铝绞线。
2.接触线悬挂高度5300mm,高速区段安装高度原则一致。
3.全线按重污区设计，绝缘子优先采用瓷质绝缘子，下锚、分段绝缘子及无站台雨棚内可采用合成绝缘子。
4.电分相采用带空气绝缘中性段的绝缘锚段关节型式，设臵自动过分相装臵。
5.道岔处接触网悬挂安装方式，与正线相交的道岔采用无交叉方式，非正线交叉道岔采用交叉线岔方式。
6.全线腕臂柱采用H型钢柱。站场采用硬横梁。
7.高速正线接触网锚段长度一般不大于2×700m，跨距一般不大于60m。
8.转换柱采用单柱双悬挂方式。
第二篇：作文第一讲：
第一讲：做一个有情怀的人
当我们初中生在面临写作的时候，我们通常感到举足无措。一个看起来普通的题目会让大多数的学生在内容与形式上雷同，一个看起来略微有些深度的题目又会让很多学生摸不着头脑。今天我们要讲的是，如何在我们刚刚拿到作文题目的时候，给我们接下来要写的文章定下一个情感的基调，好让我们的文章不再千篇一律，枯索无味。
浙江温州2012中考作文题目：向前走
这篇中考作文题目就是很典型的普通题目，作为一个命题作文，向前走这样简单的意象并不会让考生感到为难，而重要的是，究竟是写 谁向前走?向前走是去哪儿?向前走的象征意义是什么?会让很多同学痛苦不堪。在痛苦的作用下，写 我向前走，向前走是勇敢的面对自己现在困难，提高了学习成绩。成为了一种非常普遍的写作思路。这样的思路并非毫无是处。但是就笔者多年的写作经验而言，这样的作文最终难得高分。
我们在拿到一个命题作文的时候，首先是要破题。抓住题目的关键字眼，找准最核心的内容，进而采用联想的方法，去确定我们的文章。而谁向前走?向前走是去哪儿?向前走的象征意义是什么?正是采用的补充 的方法，对题目的核心进行挖掘和探讨。1.谁向前走：最常见的思路是我向前走，同样可以是他向前走，再具体一点可以是民族，科技，国家，关系。飘逸一点的甚至可以是姐姐立正向前走。等等
2.向前走是去哪儿?：这个问题更加深入，他在谁向前走的基础之上思考又更深层次了一些。去哪儿呢?一般的思路，向前走嘛，进步呗。那就可以是个人的进步，国家的进步，民族的进步，科技的进步，关系的进步，都可以。这个时候 在1,2两个问题合起来思考的同时，我们的思路好像被打开了一点点了。
3.向前走的象征意义是什么?：前面两个问题定下来以后，这里就已经确定了，当我写的是个人学习进步的时候，向前走就是努力学习，当我写国家进步的时候，向前走就是国家的正确政策，人民的团结一心，当我写民族与民族之间的关系的时候， 向前走就是破冰之旅。
通过上面这个例子，我们能基本看到一个命题作文从审题到确定基本内容的全过程，他不仅仅是一个补充的过程，同样也是一个筛选的过程。当你犹豫于好几种思路的时候，请记住本章的题目，做一个有情怀的人。
什么叫有情怀，说通俗一点，就是有一个高尚的心境。而高尚的心境得源于一个宽阔的胸襟与视野。我们说一个小人就不是一个有情怀的人，一个没有文化的人也很难是一个有情怀的人。当我们看到老人跌倒于街上无人帮扶的时候，你能心生愤怒，并且上前帮扶，你就是一个有情怀的人。当你忙于工作学习，你能抽出闲暇为大家演奏一首琴曲，你就是一个有情怀的人，当你贫穷困顿，穷愁潦倒的时候你仍然心怀祖国，热心保钓，你就是一个有情怀的人。
你要记住，一个有情怀的人一定是一个善良的人，然后是一个胸襟宽广的人，最后是一个生活的诗意的人。我们可以对情怀有着千千万万种更加细腻的解释，但到这里我相信你已经明白了他最深沉的含义。它不在乎你现在的生存状态，因为它关乎心境，它也不在乎你现在是否琐碎俗气，因为它关乎高尚。
这本身只是一篇交人写作文拿高分的破文章，但是在阅读之后若能对你我的人生有那么一两声警醒，有那么一丝丝明悟，都不失为一种成就，这也许就是我追求的情怀吧。
第三篇：小学作文第一讲
语文复习:小学语文作文辅导第一讲
作文作文是字、词、句、段等语文知识的综合运用。在小学阶段要求会写简短的记叙文。做到思想健康，内容具体，条理清楚，语句通顺，书写工整，注意不写错别字。正确使用学过的标点符号。会写常用的应用文：留言条、请假条、板报稿、日记、书信、通知及简单的读书笔记和会议记录等。要写好一篇作文必须解决好以下几个方面。
一、审清题意。即要看懂题目的意思和要求
第一，必须弄清题目要写的对象。
如：《我这个小孩》和《邻居家的小孩》，虽然都是写小孩，但前者是写自己，后者却是写别人。又如在状物的文章《我最喜欢的××》一题，仔细研究，它要求我们写最喜欢的东西或有趣的动物等。如果按《我最喜欢的人--妈妈》来写这就弄错了写作的对象。第二，必须弄清题目要写的范围。
有的题目从时间方面规定了范围，如《夏天的晚上》、《课间》。有的从地点方面规定了范围，如《操场一角》、《在公共汽车上》。有的从内容方面规定了范围，如《学洗衣》、《植树》。也有的从几个方面规定了范围，如《放学路上学雷锋》，就是从时间、地点、内容几方面规定了写作的范围。
第三，必须弄清题目要写的重点。
重点是指题目中表示思想意义或思想感情的关键词。如，《二十年巨变》重点应放在“巨变”上，写出改革开放二十年来，我国(或家乡)所发生的巨大的变化，以赞颂改革开放政策的辉煌成果。
【练一练】
1、分析下列作文题，按照要求把题目分类(在横线标出题号)
⑴ 早晨⑵ 好姑姑
⑶ 友谊⑷ 比赛
⑸ 上学路上⑹ 放学以后
⑺ 我的妹妹⑻ 我和妹妹
⑼ 我爱劳动⑽ 难忘的一天
⑾ 和好⑿ 爱晚前
⒀ 练毛笔字⒁ 这件事教育了我
限制中心的题目有_______________________
限制时间的题目有_______________________
限制地点的题目有_______________________
限制叙事的题目有_______________________
限制写人的题目有_______________________
限制写人物关系的题目有_________________
2、用~~~~~~划出下列题目中的关键词，并体会它对表现文章中心思想的作用。他家富起来了我和同桌比手劲妈妈教我洗衣服这件事做对了他的心灵美
二、认真选材
选用哪些材料来表达中心，这就是选择题材，选材要注意以下三点：
第一，要围绕中心选择材料，与中心有关的就选取，与中心无关的就不采用。第二，要选择熟悉的有意义的材料，使别人读了能受教育或有收获。
第三，题材要力求新颖，吸引人，避免一个模式。但也不能为“奇巧“凭空编造。
【练一练】
1、下面是一组半命题，要求选择题材，把题目补充完整。然后选一题作文。
我学会了;
我喜欢的;
难忘的;
快活的;
真有趣;
教育了我;
2、阅读下面芳芳的十个事例，然后分别以《热爱劳动的芳芳》、《刻苦学习的芳芳》为题，从事例中选择材料，拟出作文提纲，要求中心与材料一致。
芳芳的十个事例
带病坚持到校上课
春天，与爸爸妈妈在院子里垒花坛、种花草
帮助军属王大爷搞卫生
热心帮助同学补习功课
下雨了总是撑着伞接送小同学
作业认真，常受到老师的赞扬
积极参加清扫红领巾卫生街的活动
拾到钱包交给民警叔叔
一篇作文，反复修改多次
刻苦练习跳高
3、《老师来到我家》这篇作文题，可写的内容很多：来的是哪位老师?是哪一次或哪几次来?为什么来?来后说了些什么?我当时什么样的态度和心情?先列出写作提纲，然后写成文，要求紧扣中心，取材新颖。
三、把事写具体
记叙事情或活动，必须将事情或活动写具体。要做到这一点，首先在动笔时，要把材料准备充足，对要写的事情作认真的回忆。其次，要重点写好一些重要的场面或过程。把它写得具体形象，整个事情就能给人深刻的印象，不要停留在一般现象的记叙上。
【练一练】
1、下面是《一次拔河比赛》的开头段和结尾段。读后，把比赛过程具体地补写出来，做到详略得当，重点突出。
(开头段)哨子“嘟”的一响，拔河比赛开始了。(结尾段)体育老师猛挥一下红旗，比赛结束了。我们终于取得了胜利。小伙伴跳啊笑呀，沉浸在欢乐之中。
2、“我爸爸是一位有名的外科医生。每当我看到那些患者对他十分尊敬和感激的时候，我想长大以后也要当一名医生。”请你接着写一段话，要求展开丰富的联想具体地写出自己怎样热情地为病人解除痛苦和病人对你的感激之情。
3、这篇《送书》的短文写得具体吗?根据提供的情节，请你将它补充修改，要求写得具体而生动。
六月一日，我到新华书店去买书。走进书店，简直象走进了书的海洋。我挤进人群，买了一本《少年作文指导》真高兴。这时，跑过来一位少先队员，只见他很着急的样子。原来他也想买这本书。但书已经卖光了。我把自己的书送给他，营业员阿姨看到这情景，笑了。
四、有条理地记事
无论记事写人，都离不了事。认真写好一件事是写好记叙文的关键。
记叙一件事(或一项活动)，要有条理。要把时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过和结果掌握清楚，然后按一定的顺序记叙下来。
一般来说，记叙的顺序可按时间的先后。事物的发展的顺序和地点变换、方位推移的顺序等来写。但有时为了增强表达效果，也可采用倒叙或插叙的方法。
【练一练】
1、把下面的句子整理成一段有条理的话。
清晨，雷声隆隆，下起飘泼大雨，接着电光闪闪，跳进水沟，挽起袖子，只见小华脱掉外衣，卷起裤管，拿起铁锹，一锹一锹地清沟排水，学校的水沟积水不通，我心里很激动，望着他的背影。
2、从学过的课文中选出两篇，分别归纳作者是按什么顺序安排材料的。
3、从生活中选取一件熟悉的事，自拟一个题目，把要写的内容扼要地填在表格里，然后作文。
题目
时间
地点
人物
事情的
经过
起因：
经过：
结果：
小学作文第二讲教案设计：怎样写好写人的文章
小学生怎样写好写人作文?以下我谈谈我的看法：以写人为主的记叙文主要是通过对人物外貌、语言、动作、心理活动的描写和典型事例的叙述来反映人物的思想、性格、品质、作风等特点。要写好写人为主的记叙文，应当从以下几方面入手：
一、写好人物的形象。
人物的形象，一般指人物的外貌、语言、动作、心理活动等。
人物的外貌，就是人物的外形特征，包括容貌、衣着、姿态、神情等等。外貌描写首先必须从文章中心思想的需要出发，要求抓住人物的本质特征，有选择、有重点地描写。
人物的语言包括人物的独白，对话，交谈以及语气。“言为心声”。人物的语言是人物内心世界的直接表现。因此成功的语言描写能恰当地表现人物的身份、年龄、思想、品质、作风和个性特点。描写人物语言时，要注意符合人物的身份，表现人物的思想感情，反映人物相互间的关系。
描写人物的动作时，不仅要写出人物“做什么”，还要写出“怎么做”。
心理活动是无声的语言，是直接表现人物精神面貌，思想活动的手段。描写人物的心理活动时，要注意把心理活动产生的原因叙述清楚，还要注意与外貌、动作、语言描写结合起来。外貌、语言、动作、心理活动写好了，人物的形象就突出、鲜明了。
二、抓住人物的特点。
每个人都有自己的特点，这个特点可以从人物的年龄、外貌、语言、动作、兴趣、个性、生活习惯等诸方面去考虑。一个人的特点是多方面的，作文时，我们应根据中心思想有所选择地写。
三、选用典型事例。
人与事是分不开的。一个人做的事很多，在作文时我们应选择那些最能表现人物思想、性格和文章中心思想的典型事件。
四、运用细节描写。
细节描写就是对能充分表现文章中心思想的人物外貌，语言、动作、表情等细小环节作具体、细致的描写。
小学阶段以写人为主的记叙文，一般分为三种类型
写一个人、写两个人、写几个人。其中应以写一个人为主。
一、写一个人。
记一个人的写人记叙文，大致有以下三种情况：
(一)通过写一件事写一个人。有的文章写人只写了一件事，写这一类的作文要注意以下几点：
1、要选择有代表性的生动事例画写。反映一个人的精神面貌的事例是很多的，通过一件事写人就要选取最有代表性的生动事例来写。
2、要写出事情的发展过程，使人物的形象逐步完整。
3、要把事情写具体。用一个典型事例记叙一个人，应该把这一事例写具体，这样人物形象才能丰满。
4、为了使读者对人物了解得更全面，使重点记叙的这件事有充分的依据和坚实的思想基础，使人物的形象更加丰富，文章的开头可以对人物作简要的介绍。
(二)通过几件事写一个人。
我们在生活中会接触到各种各样的人，有时使用一件事来反映一个人就显得比较单簿，不足以充分反映人物的特点及其品质，因此，必须用两三件事才可能说的明白，再现得充分。通过几件事写一个人，要注意以下几点：
1、几件事不能相互矛盾人物的性格在几件事中要和谐、统一。
2、概括交代和具体描写相结合。在一篇简短的作文中要用几件事写一个人，不可能将每一件事详细叙述，因此一般可以彩杨交代和具体描写相结合的方法。即先概括交代一些事例，再具体记叙一两件事。
3、通过对比的方法写一个人。
通过对比方法写一个人，一般有三种：第一种是同一个人前后相比，说明这个人变化;第二种是对一个人的认识前后相比，说明这个人的品质;第三种是一个人同另一个人比，突出歌颂其中一个人。
通过对比的方法写一个人要注意：
(1)要突出主要人物及其主要特点。
(2)要写出人物的真实表现，不要捏造事实，采用拔高或贬低的方法。
二、写两个人
写两个人，一般是写《我和**》，**应包括亲人、同学、朋友、老师等熟悉的人，要写好这一类型的作文必须注意：
(一)要写好人物之间的联系。《我和**》，题目中突出了一个“和”字，这就要求从双方写起，通过具体的事例，写出“我”和**之间的联系。在叙事过程中，要写出彼此之间都想了些什么，说了些什么，做了些什么。只有从双方落笔，才能把握住题目要求写的重点。
(二)用对话展开情节。写《我和**》作文时，由于要写出两个人之间的关系，所以一定要写好两个人之间的对话。要用对话展开情节，用对话表现文章的中心。
三、写几个人。
写几个人是比较复杂的以写人为主的记叙文，可以写“一家子”、“这一班”，也可以写“几个小伙伴”。总之，不论是家庭的，学校的、社会的，只要是自己熟悉的几人都行。这类作文有以下几种写法。
(一)列人物表似的介绍。
(二)有代表性的介绍。
(三)以一件事为线索写几个人。
(四)通过几件事写几个人。
【练一练】
1、下面这段话，写了不同人物的笑：“晚上，弟弟拿着一张讽刺画跑进屋里。大家看了，都笑起来了。奶奶笑，爸爸笑，妈妈笑，姐姐笑，我也笑了。”你能将他们笑的神态写得更具体、生动吗?
2、阅读下面一段话，思考：徐新踢足球的连贯动作是按哪三个环节叙述的?找一找描写徐新踢球的动词，并体会他为什么用得确切生动。
放学后，操场上沸腾起来了。我跑去一看，啊!一场小足球赛正在紧张地进行哩!只见徐新同学脚下生风，带球左闪右躲，直奔对方球门。突然一个队员冲过去阻拦，只见徐新用右脚把球一点，猛地一停，又用脚把球住左轻轻一拨，晃过对方。然后，飞起一脚，小足球飞进对方的球门了。
3、读下面一段话，用~~~~划出写人物动作的词语，想一想，这些动作反映了人物什么样的心理状态?
每当我看到那两只小兔子甜美地大口嚼着我们采来青草时，心里真美极了。常常情不自禁地蹲在兔笼边，看个不停。有时甚至把兔子抱在怀里，一手喂草，一手给它捋毛，有时还
把脸贴在兔子身上。
第四篇：第一讲写人作文
鹏博教育成就未来Last Tuesday I took my two daughters, aged five and seven, to town by car. It began to rain __36__ so I decided I would leave the children in the __37__ before I rushed into a shop. I warned the girls not to __38__ anything and told them I would be back within a few__39__. Then I locked allthe doors and __40__ them happily looking out of th
I returned to the car in less than five minutes but the girls had __41__! I could hardly believe my __42__. The car doors were __43__ locked, the windows tightly shut and in the back seat __44__only two coats. Being __40__, I ran to the corner of the street __46__ there was no sign of them. I__47__ up to an old lady nearby and asked __48__ she had seen two small girls but she said No.
Feeling quite sick with __49__, I sat on the driver’s seat, and tried to stop trembling. Suddenly, I __50__ a merry laugh behind me. I got out of the car, ran round to __51__ the BOOT and there inside were two very red-faced and excited __52__. They had obviously pulled out the back seat, __53__ behind it and thenbeen unable to push the __54__ forward again. With tears in my eyes, I leaned forward and __55__
their ears.
36. A. heavy B. hard C. hardly D. big
37. A. car B. bus C. house D. school
38. A. ask B. eat C. read D. touch
39. A. hours B. minutes C. seconds D. days
40. A. had B. made C. left D. let
41. A. disappeared B. died C. quarrelled D. cried
42. A. ears B. words C. eyes D. brains
43. A. too B. again C. already D. still
44. A. hanged B. put C. had D. were
45. A. stupid B. proud C. frightened D. pleased
46. A. where B. which C. that D. when
47. A. jumped B. rushed C. drove D. flew
48. A. that B. when C. whether D. how
49. A. fear B. happiness C. excitement D. anger
50. A. felt B. smelt C. saw D. heard
51. A. shut B. repair C. start D. open
52. A. child B. boys C. women D. girls
53. A. climbed B. flew C. threw D. landed
54. A. window B. door C. seat D. BOOT
55. A. hit B. pulled C. cut D. bit
the first newspapers were written by hand and put up on walls in public place. The earliest dailynewspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC. In the 700’s the world’s first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn’t have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany.
the first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam in 1620.In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily
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English newspaper was the Daily Courant (每日新闻). It came out in March 1702.
In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started The Boston
Newsletter (波斯顿新闻通讯), the first newspaper published in the American colonies. By 1760, the colonies had more than
thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1,800 daily papers in the United States.
Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation (发行量) in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Dhimbun (朝日新闻). It sells more than eleven million copies every day.
56. the first daily newspaper came out in _____.
A. 59 BC B. 700’s C. 1609 D. 1620
57. the first regular published newspaper in Europe was printed in _____.
A. England B. Germany C. France D. Sweden
58. the first printed newspaper in America came out in _____.
A. Washington B. New York C. Boston D. New Orleans
59. Today there are about _____ daily newspaper printed in the United States.
A. 1621 B. 1704 C. 1760 D. 1800
B
When I was a boy, I belonged to the Boy Scouts(童子军)，so I used to go camping every summer, and once something happened which I have never been able to explain.
We were camping in a place above a river. After arriving, we all rushed down to the river had aswim. Standing by the river, we noticed that it was surrounded(环绕)by cliffs (悬崖).If someone wanted to reach the river at this point, he had to walk past our camp.
Several days later, the scoutmaster had to he away for a day. That afternoon, we had supper early.We were sitting round the fire, eating and talking, when a man walked past and went down towards
the river. We all felt that this man looked very strange, but, because each of us was afraid of looking very stupid, no one said anything.
We ate rather slowly, taking as long as possible. After finishing, we collected our plates together sothat we could take them to the river where we always washed them. But no one moved towards the
river— we stood looking at each other ashamed. Then all shouting at once, we began talking about the manwho had walked past us. We aGREed how strange he looked and we wondered what he could be
doing by the river. We knew that he could only return by passing through our camp.
An hour passed. then one of the boys suggested we should creep(悄悄移动)down by the river so that we could see what the man was doing. Moving very slowly and keeping in
the shadow, we crept down towards the bank. One boy climbed a tree so that he could see everythin
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g clearly. He called to us that there
was no one there, so we ran down to the bank, looking every-where carefully. We could not understand where the man had gone.
When it got dark, we went back to our camp feeling bewildered. We told the scoutmaster what had
happened in the evening. Smiling, he doubted that we had seen the man, but finally suggested we go
and look again. We did, but there was no one there.
Many years have passed, but I still remember it as if it were yesterday. What did we see? I do not
know.
60.the writer in the text mainly tells us _________.
A.the story of his childhood B.a strange camping experience
C.about a stranger by the river D.about a good place for camping.
61.Why did the boys eat their supper slowly?
A.they wanted to delay going to the river bank.
B.they were sailing for their scoutmaster.
C.they had a supper earlier than usual.
D.they were taking while eating.
62.the wordbewilderedin the text probably means _________.
A.ashamed B.nervous
C.unable to understand D.eager to know something
63.the writer still remembers the event because________.
A.the boys acted foolishly
B.the camping place is beautiful
C.there has been no explanation for the event
D.he particularly enjoyed his camping that summer.
C
I’m seventeen. I had worked as a box boy at a supermarket in Los Angeles. People came to thecounter and you put things in their bags for them. And carried things to their cars. It was hard work.
While working, you wear a plate with your name on it. I once met someone I knew years ago. I remembered his name and said,Mr Castle, how are you?We talked about this and that. As he left, he said,I t was nice talking to you, Brett.I felt GREat, he
remembered me. then I looked down at my name plate. Oh no. He didn’t remember me at all, he just read the name plate. I wish I had putIrvingdown on my name plate. If
he’d have said,Oh yes, Irving, how could I forget you?I’d have been ready for him. There’s nothing personal here.
the manager and everyone else who were a step above the box boys often shouted orders. One o咨询电话：655279018986609811 3
f the
se was：you couldn’t accept tips(小费).Okay, I’m outside and I put the bags in the car. For a lot of people, the natural reaction(反应)is to take a quarter and give it me. I’d say,I’m sorry, I can’tThey’d get angry. When you give someone a tip, you’re sort of being polite. You take a quarter and you put it in their hand and you expect them to say,Oh
, thanks a lot.When you say,I’m sorry, I can’tthey feel a little put down. They say,No one will know.And they put it in your pocket. You say,I
really can’tIt gets to a point where you almost have to hurt a person physically(身体上)to prevent him from tipping you. It was not in aGREement with the story’s belief in being friendly. Accepting tips was a friendly thing and made the customer feel good. I just
couldn’t understand the strangeness of some people’s ideas. One lady actually put it in my pocket, got in the car, and drove away. I would have had to
throw the quarter at her or eaten it or something.
I had decided that one year was enough. Some people needed the job to stay alive and fed. I guess I
had the means and could afford to hate it and give it up.
64.What can be the best title for this text?
A.How Hard Life is for Box Boys B.Getting along with Customers
C.Why I Gave up My Job D.the Art of Taking Tips
65.Form the second paragraph, we can infer that________.
A.the writer didn’t like the impersonal part of his job
B.with a name plate, people can easily start talking
C.Mr Castle mistook Irving for Brett
D.Irving was the writer’s real name
66.the box boy refused to accept tips because_______.
A.customers only gave small tips
B.some customers had strange ideas about tipping
C.the store forbade the box boys to take tips
D.he didn’t want to fight with the customers
67.the underlined phraseput downin the third paragraph probably means_______.
A.misunderstood B.defeated C.hateful D.hurt
D
During World War II, Polish pilots in GREat Britain were famous for showing off their flying skills.One morning, I was returning from a flight test and made the mistake of beginning my land approach (降落) at too low a speed. Just as I crossed the airfield, something was wrong with my plane and itdropped from 2000 feet onto the landing trip and bounced back (弹起) into the air. I gave it full speed, but the plane leaned onto its left wing, and I was off the runway. In despair, Icut all power and used full right brake (制动闸). The plane turned 180 deGREes back onto the landing trip, tail first. The firm P51 was not
damaged. Did you see that plane? a visiting air official said breathlessly.
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Don’t worry, sir, the Air Force commanding officer replied, it’s only one of those Polish pilots trying to show off.
68. the writer of the story was _____.
A. a Polish pilot B. an English official
C. a visitor D. an officer
69. the pilot who flew the plane _____.
A. was showing off his flying skills B. had GREat difficulty in landing the plane
C. repaired the plane before landing D. landed on the airfield without difficulty
70. the plane bounced back into the air because _____.
A. the pilot began his landing approach too late B. the pilot suddenly decided not to land
C. something was wrong with the left wing D. it was out of control
E
Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia((南斯拉夫),on August 27,1910.She attended the government school near her home until she was eighteen.At that time, some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia were working in India, and they often wroteto the school about their work. She decided to join them one day. When she left school, she went first to Britain. then a year later she went to India, where she beganto train to be a teacher. After training, she was sent to Calcutta((加尔格答),where she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress(校长). However, although she loved teaching, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work inthe poor parts of Calcutta. Later she trained to become a nurse in Patna, and then began her workhelping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city. Slowly, others came to help her, and her work spread to other parts of India.
Mother Teresa is now a well-known person. many photos have been taken of her, as she travels the world to open new schoolsand hospitals in poor countries. In 1979,she was given the Nobel Peace Prize for the lifetime of love
and service she has given to the poor.
71. Where did Mother Teresa receive her education?
A. In Yugoslavia and India. B. In Yugoslavia and Britain.
C. In Britain and India. D. In Yugoslavia, Britain and India.
72. What first made Mother Teresa work in India?
A. Her visit to the poor
B. Her visit to Britain after she finished school.
C. the medical workers’ letters to her school.
D. the work of the nurse in the city of Patna.
73. In which order did Mother Teresa do the following things?
a. Trained to be a nurse b. Went to India
c. Helped the dying d. Studied to be a teacher
e. Went to Britain f. Worked as a headmistress
A. b,a,c,e,d,f B. b,f,a,d,e,c C. e,b,d,f,a,c D. e,a,b,c,d,f
74. Mother Teresa gave up teaching because she wanted ______.
A. to look after the poor
B. to travel to poor countries
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C. to build hospitals for the poor
D. to train nurses to care for the poor
75. Mother Teresa is now a famous person because she has ___.
A. saved many poor people in India
B. helped to bring about world peace
C. helped to make India a more peaceful place
D. taken care of many poor people in the world
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第五篇：初中作文技巧_第一讲
初中作文技巧 第一讲作文审题训练
审题的重要性：
审题是决定作文成败的第一步。在考试时，审题定位准确，是作文获得高分的重要保障，如果审题出现偏题或离题现象，作文的得分就比较低。
我们在审题时，要在找准题目中好的关键词句的基础上明确自己“写什么”。 “写什么”一指题目要求写什么。二指根据题目要求，“我”可以写什么。
我们在审题时要做到以下几点：
1、 审清题目的限制。()
要仔细阅读题目以及相关的话题、材料、写作要求、提示语等，作文的限制就在这些“部件”中有所体现。一般包括：字数(600字以上)、文体、话题、保密性(不得出现真实的校名和姓名)、人称、数量、时间、空间、中心等。
[审题训练]
说说《发生在我身边的一件趣事》这个作文题目有哪些限制?
这道题限制了写作对象：事
这道题限制了写作数量：一件事
这道题限制了取材范围：我身边的事
这道题限制了文章中心：趣事
这道题限制了文章体裁：记叙文
还必须继续思考第六个更重要的问题哦：
什么是有趣的事?所谓有趣的事，就是指能给人以新鲜感的事情，也就是人们喜闻乐见的事情。这样的事，一般说来有点出人意料之外，情节比较曲折，甚至有点戏剧性。但是光有趣还不行，还必须有意义，能给人以启迪和教育。
2、审清题目的重点： 题眼()
[审题训练] 1：
《他(她)真美》
[审题训练] 2：
《战胜自卑》
审题训练3：
《不寻常的考试》
审题训练4：
《师生之间》
审题训练5：
《他也是我的老师》
3、领会题目的含义
审题训练1：
《在阳光下成长》
审题训练2：
《我的梦》
4、明确题目的结构如《老人与孩子》