第一篇：雅思写作基础范文
雅思写作基础词汇
Peter 雅思写作
雅思写作基础词汇
加号词汇
1offer a sense of …给予…感觉 2build up the experience积累经验 3cut down the expenditure削减支出 4generate the opportunities创造机会 5meet the needs满足需求 6promote the exchanges促进交流 7improve the skills
8enhance the development
9lay the foundation
10pave the way
11foster awareness
12cultivate the spirit
13master the skills
14widen the knowledge
15enrich the experience
16broaden the horizon
17realize the value of life
18overcome the difficulties
19grasp the opportunities
20remove the misunderstanding
21balance the work and family
22raise the living standard
23stimulate the imagination
24promote the integration
25dispel the conflict
26better the competence
27strengthen the relationship
28relieve the pressure
29establish the platform
30maintain the health
31make full use of
32stimulate the demands
33intensify the cooperation
34realize the dream
35achieve the goal
提高技能推动发展奠定基础铺平道路 培养意识 培养精神 掌握技术拓宽知识面丰富经历拓宽视野实现人生价值克服困难抓住机遇消除误解平衡事业与家庭提高生活水平激发想象力促进融合消除矛盾提高能力加强关系缓解压力搭建平台保持健康充分利用刺激需求加强合作实现梦想达到目标1
Peter 雅思写作
36speed up the progress加速进程
37fulfill the duty履行职责
38improve the facility改善设施
39bring the benefits带来利益
40protect the interests保护利益
减号词汇
1impede the development阻碍发展
2lack a sense of …缺乏…感觉 3impose the pressure施加压力
4mislead the children误导孩子
5evade the responsibility逃避责任
6violate the rights侵犯自由7undermine the stability破坏稳定 8restrain the freedom限制自由 9arouse the resentment触发怨恨 10break the rules破坏规矩 11trigger the dispute触发纠纷12go astray误入歧途 13undermine the culture破环文化 14endanger the safety威胁安全 15set a bad example to树立坏的榜样
16result in shortage of energy and natural resources17lead to the isolation导致疏远
18bring the disgrace带来耻辱
19suffer the loss遭受损失
20cause the illnesses导致疾病
21lack the infrastructure缺乏基础设施 22break the equilibrium破环平衡
23waste the time浪费时间
24lead to the degradation导致恶化
25widen the gap扩大差距
26contaminate environment污染环境
27jeopardize the health危害健康
28deceive the people欺骗别人
29aggravate the traffic恶化交通
30pay the price付出代价
导致能源和自然资源的短缺 2
第二篇：基础写作复习
1、戏剧文学的文学特征(1)高度浓缩的戏剧场面(2)以组织戏剧冲突为中心(3)以人物自身的言行创造逼真性形象
2、消息的特征(1)真实与准确是新闻的生命(2)客观与公正是最重要的职业道德
3、现代写作学及其研究范围
运用现代科学研究方法，研究当代人的写作行为及其社会效果，揭示其内在规律的学问。
基本理论的研究
文体写作的研究
写作训练和写作教学的研究
写作发展史的研究
4、叙述的种类和顺序叙述：概括叙述和具体叙述顺序：纵向思维：顺序、倒叙、插叙(追叙、补叙)横向思维：分叙、合叙
5、反讽的表现形式
以超然的态度、戏谑的口吻，表达言外之意的方式。在内容上表现为对传统价值观的怀疑和反叛。
6、悬念的种类设悬和解悬
7.常见的新闻文体的种类和特点
广义：消息、通讯、报告文学
狭义：消息
消息的特点：(1)真实与准确是新闻的生命(2)客观与公正是最重要的职业道德
通讯的特点：(1)详细深入，注重思想意义(2)形象生动(3)可叙可议
报告文学的特点：真实性、文学性、评论性
8.诗歌的分类
1、依据表现内容分类：抒情诗、叙事诗、哲理诗
2、依据表现形式分类：格律诗、自由诗、民歌等
9.黑色幽默的代表作约瑟夫·海勒《第二十二条军规》谌容《减去十岁》
10.请示和报告的区别
1、目的不同;请示：请上级批准并给予明确答复报告：让上级了解情况，不必作出答复
2、时限不同 ;请示：事项并未进行，须经批准后进行报告：已完成或正在进行中
3、内容要求不同 请示：一文一事报告：一文多事
11.创作主体应具备的素质
1、生活素养
2、学识修养
3、人格品味
4、语言逻辑
12.散文写作的注意事项
1、机智的体察散文意象
2、创造性的组合散文意象( 串联式结构、对比式结构)
3、有文采的描述散文意象
13.影响读者接受的因素
语言知识、文化素养、文化传统、时代意识形态
14.影视文学的文体特征① 叙事结构跳跃性特征，利用蒙太奇思维组织叙事②情节进展的动作性特征③语言描述的可视性特征
15.小说的主要特点(1)偏重再现的虚构性形象(2)人物形象是核心(3)完整多变的情节铺叙(4)细致生动的细节描写
16.写作载体的组成 内质：主题与材料 外形：结构与语言
17.观察的方法定位观察、移位观察、比较观察
18.那辗及其方式 “那辗”：搓那和辗开多重铺垫、抑扬结合、明断暗续
19总结和计划的写法
计划的写作格式：
(1)标题
(2)正文---前言、计划事项、表明态度，提出希望
(3)落款
总结的写作格式：
(1)标题
(2)正文--基本情况、成绩、不足、今后打算
(3)落款
20.立骨和聚焦 “立骨”：直陈意旨 “聚焦”：文章暗示文眼的一种技法(事件聚焦、人物聚焦、细节聚焦)
21.结构的构成 层次和段落
22.主题的提炼要求(1)选择好表现主题的角度(2)追求一定的角度(3)勇于推陈出新
23.改编的一般性原则
(1)不对原作构成重大艺术伤害
(2)改编者与被改编作品之间应有情感上的纽带与艺术上的共鸣
(3)改编者应充分发挥自己的艺术独特性
24搓那;引出描述的主要对象和问题后不立即挑明，而是左盘右旋，延缓事情发展。
碾开：在写作快要接近矛盾的解决，故意停顿下来，在远远荡开
第三篇：基础写作(考试)
一、名词解释
1、材料(笔记)：凡是可以用于写作的客观事物事理统称材料。
2、素材(笔记)：作家搜集到未经过加工整理的原始材料。
3、题材(笔记)：作者经过鉴别、选择、提炼写于文章中用来表现主题的材料。
4、主题(笔记)：作者通过文章的全部内容所表达的基本思想
5、结构：文章各部分按一定的组合关系联结而成的序列形式。
6、线索(笔记)：把文章的全部材料贯穿为一个有机整体的内在脉络。
7、想象：人对自己头脑中的已有的记忆表象进行加工改造从而创造新形象的心理过程。
8、联想(笔记)：当前感知事物回忆或联系到与之相关的另一事物。
9、运思：即是思维的运行。写作从本质上说就是物化思维，即用语言文字表现作者的思维活动和结果。
10、消息：在这里是指以记叙为主要表现手段，用简洁明快的语言或图片，对国内外新近发或正在发生的具有传播价值的事实进行迅速及时报道的文体。
11、通讯：是具体形象地报道有新闻意义的人物、事件和情况的文体。
12、公文：是指党政机关、企事业单位、社会团体在进行公务活动时所使用的格式规范、具有法定效力的应用公文。
二、基础知识
1、现代写作有什么作用?答：(1)贮存于传播信息的基本途径;(2)实施现代管理的必要手段;(3)提高人才综合素质的媒介。
2、现代写作有什么特点?答：(1)个体的创造性;(2)实践的操作性;(3)动态的综合性。
3、写作主体应该具备哪些素质?答：(1)生活素养(2)学识修养(3)人格品味(4)审美理想。
4、生活素养与写作有什么关系?(笔记)答：(1)生活是写作的源泉;(2)写作随社会生活的发展而不断演变;(3)写作反作用于社会生活。
5、写作主体应该具备哪些能力?答：(1)观察力;(2)感受力;(3)思维力;(4)想象力。
6、感受在写作中有什么作用?(笔记)答：(1)是获取材料的基本途径;(2)感受是写作的开端;(3)感受影响写作走向;(4)感受是传情的基点。
7、写作中获取材料的途径有哪些?(笔记)答：(1)观察体验，从生活中获取生动的“直接材料”;(2)调查采访，有目的有计划地获取“专题材料”;(3)读书学习，通过书籍报刊电影、视、脑获取“间接材料”。
8、写作中选择材料的原则是什么?答：(1)要选择表现主题的材料;(2)要选择真实的材料;(3)要选择典型的材料;(4)要选择新颖的材料。
9、文章主题有什么作用?(笔记)答：(1)是取舍材料的标准;(2)是安排材料的依据;(3)是选用写作技巧的准绳;(4)是语言运用的着眼点;(5)是评价文章优劣的标准之一。
10、提炼主题的要求是什么?(笔记)答：(1)正确;(2)鲜明;(3)集中;(4)深刻。
11、写文章该怎么样提炼主题?(笔记)答：(1)对全部材料的意蕴进行正确概括;(2)对客观材料的本质特征进行深入发掘;(3)善于从异向开掘，是主题富有新意;(4)结合现实，鲜明地体现时代精神。
12、文章结构有哪些内容?(笔记)答：内容包括：段落、层次、开头、结尾、过渡和照应。
13、文章结构的形式美要求是什么?(笔记)答：(1)完整和谐;(2)连缀贯通;(3)曲折变化。
14、文章常见的安排层次的方式有哪些?答：纵事层次;横式层次;纵横交错层次。
15、文章什么地方用过渡?有什么方式过渡?(笔记)答：过渡位置：内容的开合处，内容的转换处，表达方式的变换处;方式：过渡词，过渡句，过渡段。
16、材料、主题、结构各有什么作用?答：材料是文章的血肉，主题是文章的灵魂，结果是文章的构架。
17、写作中运用词语的要求有哪些?(笔记)答：(1)准确贴切;(2)明白易懂;(3)简练精粹;(4)生动形象。
18、写作中锤炼句子的要求是什么?(笔记)答：(1)合“规矩”;(2)合“事理”;(3)更有“情味”;(4)声音入耳。
19、写作行为过程包括那几个阶段?答：包括感知、运思、行文三个阶段。
20、什么是报告文学?它有什么特点?答：报告文学是以文学的手法，及时地报告生活中具有典型意义的人物事件，或具有普遍意义的重大问题的一种文体。特点：(1)新闻性;(2)文学性;(3)评论性。
21、什么是散文?它有什么特点?答：散文是一种题材广泛、写法自由、个性鲜明、文情并茂的文学体裁。特点：(1)选材的生活性与广泛性;(2)清净的个性化与主观性;(3)表达的自由化与灵活性
22、什么是诗歌?它有什么特点?答：诗歌是一种用丰富新奇的想象和富有节奏、韵律的语言，高度概括地歌唱生活、抒发感情的文学体裁。特点：(1)集中概括的抒情;(2)超常神奇的想象;(3)分行排列与精炼优美的语言。
23、什么是小说?它有什么特点?答：小说是一种以塑造人物为中心，通过描述完整的故事情节和具体的生活环境，形象、深刻、多方位地反映社会生活的叙事性文学体裁。特点：(1)偏重再现的虚构性形象;(2)人物形象是小说形象的核心;(3)曲折多变的情节铺叙和细致生动的细节描写;(4)小说细节的连结形式和语言呈现方式。
24、什么是社会评论?什么是文艺评论?答：社会评论是用理论联系实际的方法，以现实生活中的重大事件或人民群众关心的重大问题为对象进行分析、议论、评判的文章体裁。文艺评论是对各种文艺现象进行分析、研究、探讨、评价的一种理论性文章。
25、行政公文有什么特征?答：(1)政治性;(2)法定性;(3)规范性;(4)时效性
26、请示与报告有什么区别?答：(1)行文目的不同。请示的目的在于请上级批准并给于明确的答复;报告只是让上级了解或掌握情况，不必作出答复。(2)行文时限有别。请示的事项是还没有进行，经上级批准后再实行，是事前行文;报告的事项多是已经完成或正在进行之中，是时候行文或事项进行中行文。(3)内容要求不同。请示要求“一文一事”以便上级批准答复。
27、什么是事务文书?它有什么特点?答：事务文书是作为应用文的一大类别，指的是机关内部或机关之间，除了法定公文以外，处理一般日常公共事务工作所用的文书。特点：(1)应用的广泛性;(2)格式的灵活性;(3)联系实际的紧密性;(4)较强的政策性
28、什么是计划?它包括哪几个部分?答：计划是为了更好地完成某段时间的工作或某项任务，为作出合理安排而预先写出的一种文书。部分：标题、正文(一般由前言、计划事项、结尾组成)、结尾、落款。
29、总结的正文包括哪几个部分?答：一般由标题、正文、落款三部分组成。
30、什么是教学文书?它有什么特点?答：教学文书是教师进行教育教学活动中专业性很强的应用文体。特点：(1)知识性;(2)针对性;(3)系统性。
31、中学作文教学的原则是什么?答：(1)注重基础，面向全体;(2)循序渐进，扶而后放;(3)读写并举，悟文析法;(4)综合培养，全面发展。
32、博客的传播特征有哪些?答：(1)个人性;(2)开放性;(3)交互性;(4)及时性;(5)非商业性。
三、基本理论(分析自己写，这里只有要点)
1、写作客体主要包括哪些内容?请举例分析。 答：(1)对象化的自然景观;(2)群体化的社会生活;(3)个体化的人生状态;(4)外在化的精神产品。
2、想象和联想在写作中有什么作用?请举例分析。 答：(1)是构思的需要;(2)是开拓思路的需要;(3)深化主题的需要;(4)是写作手法的需要。
第四篇：英语基础写作
《英语基础写作》第一次作业
1. Say something about the occupations of you yourself and your family members. Do you like your job? What about your family member? Why did you and your family member choose the present job or jobs? (30%)
I am working as a part-time English tour guide, as I am currently a university student majoring in English. Both my parents are teachers working in a senior high school in Beijing. I like my current job, though it is an arduous work, as I sometimes I have to work until mid-night. Even so, I never complain about it, as I help so many foreign tourists to understand the culture of China. My parents, of course, like their job, as many of their students have been cultivated and become talents of China. Each year, some of my parents’ students write letters to my parents thanking them for the years’ unselfish help in their learning.
My parents, and I have enjoyed so much in whatever we are doing in our jobs, so, there is no reason to quit or change our careers. Don’t you think so?
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第五篇：基础写作
基础写作范文 8篇
1. France is the largest country in Western Europe, covering an area of 550,000 square kilometers with
coasts on three sides, and it has a population of 63 million. Paris, the capital of France, not only is one of the most beautiful cities with a long history in the world, but also serves as the centre of its politics, economy and culture.
France has a mild climate and comfortable environment, and is therefore, suitable for living. Besides, as a developed country, France is famous for its fine food such as bread and wine. France is also abundant in traveling resources, which attract visitors from all over the world, leaving them a deep impression.2. The
2. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations was established in 1945 in Quebec, Canada, which was the first international organization after World War II. The organization is made up of 191
member nations and a member organization, namely the EU, whose headquarters is located in Rome, Italy. The FAO celebrated the first World Food Day on 16, Oct, 1981, aiming to call people all over the world to pay high attention to the development of food and agricultural production. The FAO focuses on helping developing countries make agricultural development policies and strategies as well as providing technical assistance for them. At present the FAO is playing an important part in food and agricultural production.
3. Now there are so many natural disasters, which have killed thousands of people, so it is necessary to take measures to reduce the natural disasters. In my opinion, the most important thing is to build strong
warning systems to help people get ready for the disasters, which may greatly reduce the number of deaths. Second, some natural disasters are caused by human activities which have changed the climate, so measures should be taken to protect the environment. Last, I suggest our government set up powerful rescue systems, which can work effectively to help those trapped by natural disasters. To sum up, I think we should face natural disasters positively instead of just escaping.
4. Every year the fourth Thursday in November is Thanksgiving Day, which is used to celebrate autumn harvest and give thanks to God for giving people a harvest. As time goes by, Thanksgiving Day is also a way to thank others for their help, so on this day, Americans often travel across the country to be with their family members together. Then they will have a feast and share some traditional food, such as big turkey, pumpkin pie and so on.
People can express their love and thanks on Thanksgiving Day and learn to show their appreciation and love to their family and friends. It is also a chance to strengthen the relationship between family members and friends.
5. It’s well known that Mother Nature is a complex life system. Everything on the earth is in different
shapes which are interdependent. To love nature is to love us mankind, and our sights should be focused on nature and we should try to develop the idea of “keeping humans and nature in unity”. No one can live without nature, so we should take action and do our bit to protect our earth and environment. Please try our best to love and respect nature, which is a responsibility of all human beings.
6. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a man named Xing Yi who was famous for poems and paintings. One day, when Xing Yi was washing his hands in the river, he saw a piece of unburned pine charcoal(松木炭).
Accidentally, after he picked it up and threw it into the water, to his surprise, he found his hand was dyed black. The clever poet thought since the pine charcoal could dye his hand, he could also use it to write. Then he mixed the pine charcoal which had been pounded into pieces and wheat porridge together to make the original Chinese ink.
7. When I entered high school, there were so many subjects that I had to stay up late every night to review what I had learned in the daytime. But it made me sleepy and miss many key points in class, and finally I
did poorly in the exam last term.
At present, I go to bed before ten o’clock every night so that I can keep energetic and work hard during the class. If I have questions, I’ll turn to teachers for help in time, so I can keep up with others now and I’m sure I’ll make great progress in the coming exam.
I have different learning methods this term and have different results, so I think it is important to form a good habit of study.
8. Lots of high school girls have only some fruits for supper to own a slim figure, which is not good for their health. On the one hand, most fruits are rich in calories, so people will gain more fat by eating too many fruits instead of losing weight. On the other hand, fruits contain only a little nutrition that is necessary for humans’ health. So eating fruits for dinner for a long time will cause some health problems, such as
anaemia and the loss of immunity. As mentioned above, we know it is unhealthy for girls to eat only fruits for supper.