小升初英语基础知识

2022-11-06

第一篇:小升初英语基础知识

小升初英语基础知识必备

小学英语基础知识&必备(建议收藏)

孩子的教育是父母毕生的事业!

第一部分:基础知识

1.字母:26个字母的大小写

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

2.语音:元音的发音

五个元音字母:AEIOU

12个单元音:

前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]

 

中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]

 

后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]

 

双元音(8个)

合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]

集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə]

3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词 

4.句子:大小写,标点符号

第二部分:语法知识

一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格

(一)名词单复数

一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

 

以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

 

以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

 

以―f或fe‖结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

 

不规则名词复数:

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese  

不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(二)名词的格

有生命的东西的名词所有格:

a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes

并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:

Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s

Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China

第二部分:语法知识

二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:

(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane

2. 用法:

定冠词的用法:

特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.

 

复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

 

谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

 

在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.

 

用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

不用冠词的情况:

专有名词前:China is a big country.

 

名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: 

This is my baseball.

 

复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

 

在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

 

一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

 

球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

 

学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

 

在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

 

固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

第二部分:语法知识

三、代词、形容词、副词

代词:人称代词,物主代词

人称代词物主代词

主格宾格

第一

人称单数I(我)memy(我的)

复数we(我们)usour(我们的)

第二

人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)

复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)

第三

人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)

she(她)herher(她的)

it(它)itits(它的)

复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)

形容词,副词:比较级,最高级

(一)、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

2.形容词加er的规则:

一般在词尾加er ;

以字母e 结尾,加r ;

以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;

以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

3.不规则形容词比较级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

(二)副词的比较级

1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) 

⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

 

⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther) 第二部分:语法知识

四、数词:基数词、序数词

(1)1-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three

(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion

1,001→one thousand and one

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

序数词

(1)一般在基数词后加th

eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth

(2)不规则变化

one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth

基数词转为序数词的口诀:

基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th. 一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.

八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。

ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.

若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

第二部分:语法知识

五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等

1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。

at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

2.on

1)表示具体日期。

注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

 

at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

 

over the weekend在整个周末

 

during the weekend在周末期间

(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?

2)在(刚„„)的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

3.in

1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

六、动词:动词的四种时态:

(1)一般现在时:

一般现在时的构成

1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

 

2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词+s的变化规则 

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

 

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

 

3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(2)一般过去时:

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

 

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

 

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

 

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3)一般将来时:

基本结构:

①be going to + do;

 

②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

 

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

 

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

 第三部分:句法

1.陈述句

(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:

I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

 

There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

(2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:

I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

 

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

 

He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

2. 疑问句

一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。

特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。

3.There be句型

There be 句型与have, has的区别

1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

 

2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。

 

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

 

4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

 

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

 

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

 

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?  

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

What’s + 介词短语?

第二篇:小升初英语知识重点难点

动词过去式详解: 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed如:worked , learned , cleaned , visited ②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少) 如:study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如:stopped

动词现在分词(动词的ing)形式详解: 动词的ing形式的构成规则: •

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如:doing , going , working , singing , eating • ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing 如:having , writing , •

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少) 如:running , swimming , sitting , getting

人称和数:

句型专项归类 :

1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,

如:I‟m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

3、一般疑问句:必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。

•Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I‟m not.

•Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn‟t.

•Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn‟t.

•Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren‟t. •Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren‟t.)

•Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won‟t). •Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren‟t.

•Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn‟t.

4、特殊疑问句: 以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子. 此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如:

•What is this? It‟s a computer.

•Where are you going? I‟m going to Beijing.

•Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. •Which season do you like best? Summer.

•When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30. •Whose skirt is this? It‟s Amy‟s.

•Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. •How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. 七:完全、缩略形式: I‟m=I am

he‟s=he is

she‟s=she is

they‟re=they are

you‟re=you are

there‟s=there is

they‟re=they are

can‟t=can not

1 don‟t=do not

doesn‟t=does not

isn‟t=is not

aren‟t=are not

let‟s=let us

won‟t=will not

I‟ll=I will

wasn‟t=was not

总结:通常情况下,„m即am,‟s即is „re即are ,n‟t即not (但can‟t=can not) (但 let‟s不等于let us),

八:与字母相关的题型 ( 注:五个元音字母是 Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu ) 1.将所给字母的大小写写在四线格上

•Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq Ii 2.写出下列字母的左邻右舍。

•1.(

) Hh (

) 2.(

) Bb (

) 3.(

) Ll (

) •4.(

) Rr (

) 5.(

) Qq (

) 6.(

) Ww (

) 3.用小写字母抄写下列单词。

•1.ROOM(

)

2.UNDER(

)

3.PLEASE(

) 4.PICTURE(

)

5.WHERE(

)

6.TWINS(

) 7.EXCUSE(

)

8.HOW(

)

9.CAKE(

) 10.SMALL(

)

4.将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来

•1. a c e

2. i e o

3. v u k

4. e u I •

5. J B I

6. E T V

7. E I O 8. A U E 5.写出与所给单词发音相同的字母(大小写)。

•1.bee (

) 2.sea (

) 3.tea (

) • 4.are (

) 5.why (

) 6.you (

) •形容词(adj.): 

big大的

small小的

long长的

tall高的

short短的;矮的  young年轻的

old旧的;老的

strong健壮的

thin瘦的 

active积极活跃的

quiet安静的

nice好看的

kind和蔼亲切的  strict严格的

smart聪明的

funny滑稽可笑的

tasty好吃的 

sweet甜的

salty咸的

sour酸的

fresh新鲜的

favourite最喜爱的 clean干净的

tired疲劳的

excited兴奋的

angry生气的 happy高兴的 bored无聊的

sad忧愁的 taller更高的

shorter更矮的

stronger更强壮older年龄更大的

younger更年轻的

bigger更大的

heavier更重的

longer更长的

thinner更瘦的

smaller更小的

better更好的

higher更高的 good好的

fine好的

great很好的

heavy 重的

new新的 fat胖的

happy快乐的

right对的

hungry饥饿的

cute逗人喜爱的 little小的 lovely可爱的

beautiful漂亮的

colourful色彩鲜艳的 pretty漂亮的

juicy多汁的

healthy健康的

cheap便宜的 expensive昂贵的 tender嫩的 helpful有帮助的

ill有病的 high高的

easy简单的 proud骄傲的 sick有病的 •介词(prep.):

in 在…里

on 在…上;在…时候

under 在…下面

near 在…的旁边 behind 在…后边

next to 与…相邻

over 在……上面

in front of 在……前面

•动词(v.):

play(.ed)玩;踢

swim(swam)游泳

skate滑冰

fly(flew)飞

jump跳 walk走 run(ran)跑

climb爬

fight(fought)打架

swing(swung)荡

eat(ate)吃

turn转弯

sleep(slept)睡觉

like像,喜欢

have(had)有;吃

buy(bought)买 take(took)买;带

live居住

teach(taught)教

go(went)去

study(studied)学

2 learn学习

sing(sang)唱歌

dance跳舞

row划

do(did)做

do homework做作业

do housework做家务

watch TV看电视

read(read) books读书 cook the meals做饭

ride(rode) a bike骑自行车

play the violin拉小提琴

collect stamps集邮

meet(met)见面 welcome欢迎 thank谢谢 love爱 work工作 drink(drank)喝 taste尝 smell闻 feed(fed)喂养 shear剪 milk挤奶 look看 guess猜 help帮助 pass传递 show展示 use使用 clean打扫 open打开 close关上 put放 paint绘画 tell(told)告诉 kick踢 bounce反弹 ride(rode)骑 stop(stopped)停 wait等 find(found)寻找到 drive(drove)驾驶 fold折 send(sent)寄 wash洗 shine照耀 become变成 feel(felt)感觉到 think(thought)思考 meet(met)遇见 fall(fell)落下

leave(left)离开 wake(woke) up醒来 put on穿上 take off脱掉 hang up挂起 wear(wore)穿 go home回家 go to bed上床睡觉 play computer games玩电脑游戏

get off下车 read a magazine读杂志

go to the cinema去看电影

go straight向前直走

•数词(numbers): 基数词

•one一 two二 three三 four四 five五 six六 seven七 eight八 nine九 ten十 •eleven十一 twelve十二 thirteen十三 fourteen十四 fifteen十五 sixteen十六 seventeen十七 eighteen十八 nineteen十九 •twenty二十 九十 thirty三十 forty四十 fifty五十 sixty六十 seventy七十 eighty八十 ninety • forty-two四十二 •hundred百 one/a hundred and thirty-six一百三十六

序数词

•first第一 second第二 third第三 fourth第四 •fifth第五 eighth第八 ninth第九 twelfth第十二 twentieth第二十 •thirtieth第三十 fortieth第四十 fiftieth第五十 sixtieth第六十 seventieth第七十 第八十 ninetieth第九十 fifty-sixth第五十六

六年级下册

1. ---I‟m 11 years old. --- I‟m 12. I‟m one year older than you. 我12岁,比你大一岁。

2. You‟re taller than your brother. 3. I‟m 160 cm tall. He‟s 159 cm tall.。

4. ---Which monkey do you like? --- I like the yellow one.

5. ---Which monkey is stronger? ---The brown monkey is stronger. 6. I think the little monkey is only 40cm tall. 7. His tail is longer.

8. ---What’s the matter, Mike? ---I feel sick. I have a fever. 9. ---How do you feel? ---I feel sick.

10. ---How does Amy feel? ---She‟s tired. 11. I am excited.

12. I failed the math test. 13. I‟m sorry to hear that.

14. ---What did you do last weekend? --- I played football. --- Did you read books? --- Yes, I did. 15. ---Where did you go on your holiday? ---I went to Xinjiang . ---How did you

3 go there? ---I went by train.

1.-- How do you go to school? -- I go to school on foot. 2. My home is near.

3. We can go to the bus stop on foot. Then we go to the park by bus. 4. See you then. See you at 2 o‟clock. 5.-Can I go on foot? - Sure,It’s not far.

6. ---Excuse me. Where is the library? --- It‟s near the post office 7. ---Is it far from here? ---No, it‟s not far.

8. ---How can I go to the hospital? ---You can go by the No.301 bus. Ger off at the cinema. Then walk straight for three minutes. The hospital is on the left.

9. ---How can I go to the mesume? --Go straight for five minutes. Then turn left. 10. ---Where is the post offfice? --- It‟s east of the cinema.

11. ---What are you going to do this evening? ---I‟m going to the cinema. 12. ---When are you going? -- This evening. 13. I want to be a science teacher one day. 14. ---What‟s your hobby? ---I like collecting stamps. 15. There is a stamp show Sunday. 16. Her father works in a school.

17. ---Does your pen pal live in Shanghai? ---No, he doesn‟t. He lives in Beijing. 18. ---What does your father do? --- He‟s a teacher. 19. How exciting!

20. ---How does he go to work? ---He goes to work by bike.

21. ---Where does the rain come from? ---It comes from the clouds.

22.First, put the seeds in the soil. Water them. In several days, you can see the sprout.

五年级下册

1. ---When do you get up? --- I usually get up at 6:30.

2. --- What do you do on the weekend? ---I often go shopping. ---How about you? What about you? ---I often play football. 3. ---What‟s your favorite season? ---Winter, I like winter.

4. ---Which season do you like best? ---Spring. I like spring best. I can fly kites. 5. ---Why do you like summer? ---Because I can swim. 6. ---When is your birthday? ---It‟s May 4th. 5月4日。

7.--What‟s the date? --It‟s October 1st. 8. ---Is her birthday in June? ---Yes.

9. ---What are you doing? ---I‟m reading a book.

10. ---What is your father doing? ---He‟s writing an E-mail. 11. ---What is she doing? ---She is singing. 12. ---What is it doing? ---It‟s running.

13. ---What are they doing? ---They‟re drinking water. 14. ---Are they catching butterflies? ---Yes, they are. 15. ---Are you eating lunch? ---No, we aren‟t.

4 16. ---Is he taking pictures? ---Yes, he is.

17. ---Is she writing a report? ---No, she isn‟t. 五年级上册

1. ---Who‟s your art teacher? -- Mr Wu.

2. ---What‟s he like? ---He‟s very kind. He‟s short and thin. 3. ---Is she strict? ---Yes, she is.

4. ---What day is it today? ---It‟sMonday.

5. ---What do you have on Mondays? ---We have English, science and P.E. 6. ---What do you do on Saturdays? ---I often do my homework.

7. ---What would you like for lunch? ---I‟d like some tomotoes and mutton. 8. ---What do you have for lunch today? ---I have eggplant and tomotoes. 9. ---What‟s your favourite food? ---Fish. It‟s tasty. 10. I don‟t like grapes. They‟re sour.

11. ---Are you helpful at home? ---Sure.Yes. 12.--What can you do? --I can sweep the floor. 13. Mother goat is ill.

14. This is my new bedroom.

15.-Can you do housework? -No, I can’t.

16. There is a big closet and a new air-conditioner. 17. There‟re blue curtains.

18. I love my new room very much. 19. The trash bin is behind the door.

20.--What‟s your room like? --There‟s a bed, a closet and a desk. 21.-Is there a river in the park? -Yes, there is. 22. I like my village.

23.-Are there any bridges in your village? -No, there aren’t.

24. The water is clean. The air is fresh. The sky is blue. The clouds are white. 四年级下册

1.-Where is the canteen? -It’s on the first floor. 2. This is the teacher‟s office. 3. That is my classroom.

4.-Do you have a library? -Yes. 5. This way, please.

6.-Is this the library? -Yes, it is.

7.-Is that the art room? -No, it isn‟t. 8.-What time is it? -It‟s nine o‟clock. 9. It‟s time for English class. 10. It‟s time to go to school. 11. Breakfast is ready. 12. I‟m ready.

13.-Is this your jacket? -No, it’s John’s 14. ---What color is it? ---It‟s blue 15. ---Whose shirt is this? ---It‟s my brother‟s 16. These are your baby pants. They are so small.

5 17. ---Can I wear my new shirt today? ---Yes, you can. 18. It‟s warmcoldhot today. 19. Those are my shoes.

20.-Where are they? -They are on your feet. 21.-What’s the weather like in Beijing? -It‟s rainy. 22. ---Is it cold? ---No, it‟s hot.

23. ---Can I help you? ---Yes, I want that dress. 24-How much is this dress? -It‟s ninety yuan. 25--Are they nice? --Yes, they are.

26. ---How much are they? ---They are thirty-five yuan. 27-What are they? -They are goats. 28.-Are these/those sheep? -Yes, they are.

29.-How many cows do you have? -One hundred. 30.-How many horses are there? -Twelve. 四年级上册

1. --What’s in the classroom? -- A board, two lights, many desks and chairs. 2. We have a new classroom.

3. ---Let‟s clean the classroom. ---Good idea. 4. ---What color is it? ---It‟s black and white. 5. Let me clean the window.

6. ---My schoolbag is heavy. ---What‟s in it? 7. He has short black hair and big eyes.

8. ---What‟s his name? ---His name is Zhang Peng. 9. ---What‟s her name? ---Her name is Amy. 10. She likes music.

11. ---Is this your bedroom? ---Yes, it is 12. ---Is she in the living room? ---No, she isn‟t. 13. Where are the keys?

14. ---Are they on the table? ---No, they aren‟t.

15. ---What would you like for dinner? ---I‟d like some fish and vegetables. 16.--How many people are there in your family? --Three. 17. ---Who are they? ---My parents and me. 18. ---What‟s your father? ---He‟s a doctor. 19. ---What‟s your mother? ---She‟s a teacher. 三年级下册

1. ---Where are you from? --- I‟m from America. 2. --- Who‟s that woman? ---She‟s my mother. 3. --- Who‟s that man? ---He‟s my father.

4. ---How many kites can you see? ---I can see 12. 5. ---How many crayons do you have? ---I have 16. 6.--Do you like peaches? --Yes, I do. 7.--Do you like oranges? --No, I don‟t.

8. ---Where is my car? ---It‟s under the chair. 9.--Look at the elephant! -- Wow! It‟s so big.

6 10. It has a long nose and a short tail.。

11. It has small eyes and big ears. 三年级上册

1. ---What‟s your name? --- My name is Chen Jie.

2. --- This is John. ---Nice to meet you. 3. ---How are you?

---I‟m fine, thank you. 4.--Let‟s paint. --Great.

5. ---Look! I have a rabbit. ---Cool.

6. ---May I have a look? ---Sure. Here you are. 7. I like hamburgers.

8. ---Have some French fries. --Thank you.

9. ---Can I have some chicken? --- Sure. Here you are 10. ---How old are you? ---I‟m 9. 11. ---How many balloons? ---Four.

第三篇:小升初英语必备知识点总结

在升初中的英语考试中,重点中学所出的小升初英语考试题,都会对学生提出更高的要求,主要的知识点总结为以下几个方面:

1、词汇量:一般重点中学的小升初英语考试,都要求学生具有2000到3000的词汇量,而且要求学生能读、能听懂这些单词,甚至要求孩子会拼写。很多孩子认为小升初英语考试卷中的英文奥数题比较难,主要障碍就是很多单词不会,这样扣分之后,跟其他孩子就有差距了。所以这里为大家提供了一些专家研究的单词记忆法,希望对大家有用。克服小升初英语单词记不住的速记方法 小升初孩子记忆英语单词8个方法

2、语法:小升初英语考试需要孩子有扎实的语法功底,要求孩子做单选题、语法题不会错。

3、实际运用能力:知识学到手会用才是关键。

小升初英语阅读题中,主要考察孩子的还是词汇搜索的能力,就是需要孩子看到问题之后,会返回原文找答案,并选出正确的答案。

摘要写作中,需要孩子能根据问题来写文章,主要考察的是孩子的连词成句能力。

英文奥数题中,孩子不仅要学会猜测不认识的单词含义,还要具备翻译题目的能力,然后解题。

学生具有2000到3000的词汇量是不够的,还需要孩子有拓展的词汇量。例如:free这个词,意思是自由等,但是在free sugar中,free就不是自由的意思了,这个词组的意思是无糖的。

(一)小升初英语语法

一、名词复数规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

二、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。

3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

三、现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

四、be going to

1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。

2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +动词原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如:Who is going to play football?

五、一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:

⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,

再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw,say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took,run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

(二)小升初英语词类:

动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:

先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)

1、动词

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。

(1)行为动词

就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。

行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:

原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:

↗有,就加ing

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词

(若是be going to 就用原形)

↘没有,再看情态动词

↗有,就用原形

↗有,就加ed

↘没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语

↗是第三人称单数就加s或es

↘没有,再看主语

↘不是第三人称单数就用原形

(2)be动词

a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。

b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) ateacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyesare(not) small.

c、

一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。

判断步骤:

↗第

一、三人称单数,就用was

↗有,再看人称

↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were

看有无表示过去的时间状语

↗第一人称单数,就用am

↘没有,再看人称→第三人称单数,就有is

↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are (3)情态动词

情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。

我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。

情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

2、名词

表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。

这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。

如何加后缀:

a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 判断步骤:

↗如是am、is或was→原形

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词

↘如是are或were→加s或es

3、形容词(包括副词)

形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。

形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。

未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。

两个重要特征:as„„as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。

4、人称代词和物主代词

人称代词

物主代词

单数

复数

单数

复数

主格

宾格

主格

宾格

形容词性(短) 名词性(长) 形容词性(短) 名词性(长)

第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours

第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours

第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs

she her her hers

it it its its

人称代词:

有主格和宾格之分。

一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。

物主代词:

有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)

一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。

5、数量词

我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。

6、冠词

有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个„),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。

(三)小升初英语句式:

一、否定句:

表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。

有三种可能:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:

1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。

2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。

3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:

(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。

(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。

(3)在助动词后加not。

(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。

强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。

二、一般疑问句。

表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,„„或No,„„句中没有疑问词。

如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:

1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。

2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。

3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:

(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。

(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。

(3)把助动词后提到句首。

(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。

强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。

三、特殊疑问句。

表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。

常用疑问词:

What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How 如何对划线部分提问:

1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。

如:His birthday is on the 5th of May .

他的生日在五月五日。

2、用汉语进行提问。

如上句,应该问:他的生日在什么时候?

3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。

如上句When is his birthday ?

四、祈使句

表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。

肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。

把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。

五、时态

1、一般现在时

(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:

The children are very happy on ChristmasDay . She often does some housework at theweekend .

(2)一般现在时中的be动词:

一般用原形:am is are

am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。

(3)一般过去时中的动词:

有两种情况:

第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。

第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。 (4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):

△be动词是am、is、are

△动词用原形或加s、es

△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间

(5)有用的的依据:

Be动词是is、am ←→ 名词用原形(这里包括可数名词的单数和不可数名词)

Be动词是are ←→ 名词加s或es

动词加s或es ←→ 主语是第三人称单数

动词用原形 ←→ 主语不是第三人称单数 (6)情态动词:

我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would。

情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

六、一般过去时

(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:

The girls were on the grass just now . They visited my parents last weekend . (2)一般过去时中的be动词:

一般用过去式:was were

was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben 、 his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。

(3)一般过去时中的动词:

一般只有一种情况:+ed

这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。

(4)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时):

△be动词是was、were

△动词加ed

△有表示过去的时间状语

现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有:

just now a moment yesterday last week lastnight last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago

five years ago (5)有用的的依据:

Be动词是was或were 该句是一般过去时

动词加ed 有表示过去的时间状语

3、一般将来时

(1)构成形式:

Be going to +动词原形。

这里强调一点,be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。

(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。

(3)有用的依据:

一个句子中既有be动词,又有going、to和动词,且动词用的是原形←→ 该句是现在进行时

(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。

4、现在进行时

(1)构成形式:

Be动词+动词的ing形式

这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。

(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。

(3)有用的依据:

一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing ←→ 该句是现在进行时

(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。

七、Have、Has和There be结构

1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were

2、意思都是“有”。

3、和have、has、had的区别:

(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

(2)在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。

(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?

(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

第四篇:小升初英语分班考试知识总结

(一)

一、a number of ,the number of

a number of 意思是“许多”,相当于a lot of ; the number of意思是“„„的数目,„„的数量”,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

A number of students like playing computer games.

许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。

The number of the students is about 1500 in our school.

我们学校学生的人数大约是1500。

二、基数词变序数词助记歌。

基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;

一、

二、三特殊记,八加h ,九去e ,ve要用f替;以e结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记。要想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。

特殊变化:one—first ,two—second ,three—third ,five—fifth ,nine—ninth ,twelve—twelfth ,forty—fortieth ,

eight-nine—eighty-ninth

三、概数(略数)表达法

数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数

hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名词复数

例1

1. __people go swimming in summer in Dalian.

A、Thousands B、Thousand of C、Thousands of D、Thousand

2. __the students will take part in this English speech contest.

A. Two hundred of B. Two hundreds of C. Hundreds of D. Hundred of

一、of sb.与for sb.的区别

(1)of sb.“对于(某人)”,用于It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中,形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。

(2)for sb.“对于(某人)”,用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth.句型中, 形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。

二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词

1、because(因为),so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。

Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.

=He was tired ,so he couldn’t walk there.

因为他累了,所以他不能走到那儿了。

2、(al)thouthg(虽然),but (但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。但thouthg和yet可以同时出现在一个句子里(yet用作副词)

Thought he was tired, he still worked hard.

=He was tired, but he still worked hard.

虽然他很累,但他仍然努力工作。

第五篇:小升初英语考试重点知识点总结

小升初英语如何备考,英语复习的重点在哪里?小编为您总结如下知识点:

一、a number of ,the number of

a number of 意思是“许多”,相当于a lot of ; the number of意思是“„„的数目,„„的数量”,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

A number of students like playing computer games.

许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。

The number of the students is about 1500 in our school.

我们学校学生的人数大约是1500。

二、基数词变序数词助记歌

基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;

一、

二、三特殊记,八加h ,九去e ,ve要用f替;以e结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记。要想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。

特殊变化:one—first ,two—second ,three—third ,five—fifth ,nine—ninth ,twelve—twelfth ,forty—fortieth ,

eight-nine—eighty-ninth

三、概数(略数)表达法

数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数

hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名词复数

例1

1. __people go swimming in summer in Dalian.

A、Thousands B、Thousand of C、Thousands of D、Thousand

2. __the students will take part in this English speech contest.

A. Two hundred of B. Two hundreds of C. Hundreds of D. Hundred of

四、of sb.与for sb.的区别

(1)of sb.“对于(某人)”,用于It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中,形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。

(2)for sb.“对于(某人)”,用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth.句型中, 形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。

五、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词

1、because(因为),so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。

Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.

=He was tired ,so he couldn’t walk there.

因为他累了,所以他不能走到那儿了。

2、(al)thouthg(虽然),but (但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。但thouthg和yet可以同时出现在一个句子里(yet用作副词)

Thought he was tired, he still worked hard.

=He was tired, but he still worked hard.

虽然他很累,但他仍然努力工作。

六、副词的比较级

1、形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2、副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)

七、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

2、形容词加er的规则:

⑴一般在词尾加er ;

⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;

⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

3、不规则形容词比较级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

八、There be 句型与have, has的区别

1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

What’s + 介词短语?

九、一般过去时

1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

2、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3、句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?

如: What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?

如:Who went to home yesterday?

十、动词过去式变化规则

1、一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2、结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3、末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studie

小升初英语的特点是知识点零碎,因此同学们一定要加强日常的学习积累,只有这样才能确保取得较高的英语成绩。

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