高考英语:英语阅读理解解析

2024-06-19

高考英语:英语阅读理解解析(精选6篇)

高考英语:英语阅读理解解析 第1篇

一 教学大纲对高三年级阅读能力的具体要求

1 能以70-80字/分钟的速度读懂生词率不超过3%的有关人物传记,故事,记叙文,科普小品和有关社会文化,文史知识等不同题材的材料。

2 能读懂简单的应用文,如书信,请柬,通知,便条和标志等。

3 能运用一般的阅读技巧,基本把握所读材料的中心思想,主要事实,主要逻辑线索,时间和空间的顺序。

4 能根据上下文理解作者的态度和观点。

5 能根据已知的事实推理语篇未直接写出的意思。

6 除教材内容外,课外阅读量应该达到30万字左右(新教材8级要求)。

二 考试说明中规定阅读理解主要考查的能力

1 理解文章主题含义的能力

2 理解文章细节的能力

3 根据上下文推测词义的能力

4 对文章内容进行推理判断的能力

5理解作者的意图和态度的能力

6 理解文章的基本结构

三近几年高考阅读理解的主要特征

1 强调语篇选材的真实性

2 语篇体裁的多样化

3 较大的阅读量和信息量 篇目一般是5篇,词量(含题干)在-2500字之间,答题时间为35分钟。所选篇目都是简约的语言负载高含量的信息。从语言的表层看,各段文字并不构成很大的理解困难,但是,隐藏在表层结构下面的则是相当复杂的信息。

4 篇目结构较为复杂 阅读篇目或在时间顺序上,或在空间顺序上,或在逻辑推理上,运用了较高级的组篇手段,这种来源于真实语料的作品和考生平时在课本上所接受的“清楚明白”的语篇是不大一样的。

四 阅读理解的主要题型

1 主旨大意

(一)这种题型常见的提问方式:

(1) The best title/headline for this passage is _______.

(2) The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly about ________.

(3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?

(4) Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

(5) The passage mainly discusses/deals with ________.

(6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?

(7) What topic is treated in the passage?

(8) The passage makes clear that ________.

(二)怎样概括段落大意和中心思想

段落大意即是段落的中心思想。它体现了作者对文章段落的写作意图,是该段落所有句意的集中体现。概括段落大意的方法有:① 寻找主题句,有些段落大意在主题句上。主题句有的在句首,有的在段中,有的在段尾。② 寻找关键词,有些段落大意就散落在关键词上。 ③ 用读者自己的语言概括段落大意。

中心思想即对文章内容进行概括,掌握文章中心思想是英语阅读的关键。概括中心思想主要有三条要求:① 了解所阅读文章的文体是说明文,记叙文还是议论文等。② 抓住文章的段落大意。各段落大意的整体归纳就是文章的中心思想。③ 用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。

(三)怎样捕捉标题

文章的标题是段落中心思想的简练的表达形式。它的特点是:短小精练,多为短语;涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能随便改变语言表意的程度和色彩。那么如何迅速地捕捉标题呢?首先要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑这句话或者短语与文章主题是否有着密切的关系;其次要看它对文章的概括性或者覆盖面如何;然后还要看标题是否过大或者过小。

2 细节事实

(一)这种题型常见的提问方式:

(1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage?

(2) Which of the following (sentences/statements) is NOT true?

(3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _____.

(4) Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

(5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…?

(6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what …is like?

(二) 怎样找到细节事实

(1) 直接辨认 就是直接从文章中获取信息,难度不大,但是要十分仔细。

(2) 间接辨认 就是不仅要求考生从文章中获取信息,而且要将获取的信息用同义或者近的形式复述出来。

3 猜测词义

(一)这种题型常见的提问方式:

(1) The word “…”in the passage means______.

(2) The word “…” could be best replaced by ______.

(3) Which of the following is nearest in meaning to _______.

(4) The word “…” probably refers to _______.

(5) According to the passage, the word “…” is known as ______.

(6) From the context, we can infer that the word “…” means ______.

(7) The phrase “…” is closest to _______.

(8) By saying “…” the author means _______.

(9) The passage uses the word “…” to refer to ______.

(二) 猜测词义的方法

① 利用上下文,通过对应结构或者平行结构中的同义词或者反义词判断。

② 利用定语从句,同位语从句等。

③ 根据关联词,如:but, however, yet, unlike, like, not only…but also. at the same time 等。

④ 利用构词法(包括转化词,合成词和派生词)。

(三)实例演习

① 同义词猜测

He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.

② 反义词猜测

Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is quite homely.

③ 定义猜测

Jim just hummed the tone of the song; he didn’t sing the words.

④ 通过原因与结果关系猜测

A dog ran into the road, causing the cyclist to swerve.

People need time to grieve after the death of a loved one.

⑤ 通过描述和例证猜测

At the first glance, I was struck by his shabbiness---his overcoat was worn, his shoes were in bad shape, and his trousers were dirty.

4推理判断

(一)这种题型常见的提问方式:

(1) We can know from the passage that ______.

(2) We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ______.

(3) The passage implies that ________.

(4) The passage suggests that _________.

(5) It can be concluded from the passage that _______.

(6) What can be concluded from the passage?

(7) From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______.

(二)怎样做出推理判断

此题型是阅读理解中较难的题型,多属于深层次理解题。在试卷中数量不断增多。它要求考生根据上下文的内在联系,充分挖掘文章的深层次内涵。做这类题时要注意:① 不要脱离原文只凭自己的想象胡乱推理或只凭常识推理;答案一定要在文章中找到依据或理由,分析材料所提供的全部事实。② 特别重视文章的主旨,所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意。

注意:判断,推理和结论的区别。判断是对已知的事实做出合理的决定,而并非唯一的决定。推理是从已知推理出未知(合理的猜测)。而结论是以已知的事实为前提,得出的唯一合理的决定。在做题时,注意题目中含有know, what do you think/suppose…?的一般是判断。含有imply, suggest, infer, seem, appear, probably, most likely等的一般是推理。有conclude, draw the conclusion 的一般是结论。

5 作者意图(态度)

(一)这种题型常见的提问方式:

(1) The author seems to be in favor of / against ______.

(2) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is _______.

(3) The author may probably agree with/ support _______.

(4) What’s the author’s attitude towards _______?

(5) How does the author feel about ________?

(6) The author implies that _______.

(7) The author gives the impression that ________.

(8) In the author’s opinion, ________.

(9) The tone of the author may be _______.

(10) Which of the following can best describe the attitude towards ______?

(二) 怎样揣摩作者的意图或态度

所谓作者的意图,就是作者试图在文章中要表达的思想,也就是其写作目的。作者的意图往往不是摆在读者面前的,它隐藏在字里行间,甚至文章之外,有的文章还有作者设置的种种假象。要吃透文章,就要搜索文章的关键字眼和关键句子,要熟悉各种文体,尤其要把握作者的语气,是严肃或轻松,幽默或讽刺,平和或激动,乐观或悲观等等。此外,还要注意文章中一些细节性的用词,如however, even though, but 等连接词往往和作者的态度有关。在做题时,要时刻注意读者不可以根据自己的主观臆断下结论,所得出的结论应符合原文作者的意图。

五 阅读篇目题材形式特征以及解题技巧

(一) 科技环保类 这类文章在高考中出现的的频率最高,难度最大,长难句太多, 它们一般是说明文,但有时也夹杂着叙述和议论,并经常出现一些较新的科技名词或术语。考生如果经常阅读英语报纸报刊,具备比较丰富的课外知识,积累一定量的新词汇,对解这类文章会大有帮助。

(二)人物故事类 一般为记叙文,有时也穿插说明和议论。这类文章一般难度不大。但是为了提高难度,命题者往往使用倒叙,插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序,使行文的跳跃性增大,故事情节复杂化。注意这类文章往往出现较多的人名或地名,会使没有阅读经验的考生大大降低阅读理解的速度。

(三)新闻报道类 这是日常生活中很常见的文体,在高考中出现的频率也很高。这类文章语言简约,含义丰富,句子多用省略,常用倒叙和插叙,并经常插入人物访谈或评论,思维的跳跃性也很大,较多人名或地名。读这种文章时,一定要在第一句话即新闻的导语上多下功夫。因为导语是文章的总体概括。以下的正文部分往往是对导语展开叙述,相对容易理解。

(四) 广告信息类 在每年高考中几乎都会出现。这类文章也是文字简约,多省略句,多用图表,生词术语多,冗余信息多。但是设题相对简单,多为细节考查。可以采用跳读。

(五)历史地理类 一般为说明文,偶尔也出现记叙文。这类文章也会出现较多的人名,地名等专有名词。对于这类词,只要知道他们是指人或地方就行了,不必深究。注意历史题材文章会出现一些时间表达法,地理文章会出现一些方位表达法,这些都要了解。

(六) 教育心理类 这类文章一般篇幅较长,多采用说明加议论的写法,句子结构复杂,内容抽象难懂,设题相对较多,难度较高。属于“高档题”。所以,做好这类题对取得高分有决定性的意义。这类文章经常考查对文章主旨大意的归纳和推断作者的观点。所以,一定要抓住文章的主题。看每一段都说明了什么问题,哪一句是文章的中心议题,以及哪些是作者用以说明这一议题的事实,材料等。还要注意区分哪些是作者本人的观点,哪些是作者引述别人的观点等等。

(七) 国外风情类 国外风情类的阅读理解文章所涉及到过风俗人情的方法面面内容比较广泛,这类文章一般使用说明加记叙的写法,趣味性较强,语言形象生动。考生若有类似的知识积累,了解国外尤其是英美国家的一些文化习俗,对于理解这类文章非常有用。

六 常见的阅读方法(参考)

1 顺序法:既先看文章,然后看试题,再回到文章查找有关信息。该方法适用于解题时间充足,文章篇幅较长,需要获得信息较多或需要对全篇进行整体理解等的场合。阅读一般采取快速阅读法,注意关键词句和段落,找准主线,掌握大意,并能记住主要细节的分布点。

2 逆向法:即先看试题,了解试题题干以及各个选项包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对相关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合,甄别,分析,对比,有根据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。该方法有较大的针对性和准确性,适用于时间较紧,文章篇幅不长,需要获取信息不多,试题与文章联系密切,不太需要做深层次理解的场合。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。采用该法还有一个明显的优点,即许多文章难以理解的词,句,段等往往在试题中有明了的阐述。

3 标注法:即在通读短文和试题后,标注中心句并把与试题有关的词,句,段标注相应的题号。该方法具有很大的针对性和稳妥性,便于对照分析和复查验证。

4 摘录法:即在阅读的同时把一些重要信息,特别是一些重要数据按一定的答题要求摘录到一张空白纸上。其优点是剔除大部分无关内容,使原先杂乱无章、

扑朔迷离的信息或数据简洁化、明朗化,从而易于看出其内在的联系。该方法特别适用于解决推理性,智力性较强或数据比较复杂的文章。

七.阅读理解备考建议

1 每日坚持课外阅读2-4篇文章,激发阅读兴趣。

2 高三一年应读够1000篇左右,不达到这个量,难过高考关。

3 半数文章要精读,即句句细看,某些句子甚至要翻译成中文以精确理解。

4 有的文章可泛读,即只读懂意思,不查单词。泛读对增强语感,练习略读和扫读好处极大。

5 生词太多的文章不要看,文章内容离现实太远的也不要看。

6 适用练习长句分析,分清主谓宾,这是一个阅读基本功。

7 适当练习限时阅读,提高阅读速度。力争35分钟完成5篇文章。

8 先把词汇表上的单词记好,适当扩大词汇量,掌握构词法知识。

9 重视准确阅读,还要练习如何推理,分析,概括,如何答题,最好以高考试题为答题样本,对常考的问题做适当归纳。

10 养成良好的阅读习惯,扩大眼幅,不要点读,减少回读,默读时不出声音,不要有伴随动作。

高考英语:英语阅读理解解析 第2篇

读完高考英语阅读理解后我们常有这样的情况,句子都能看懂,但读完文章印象却不深,这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。如何学会对文章的整体理解呢?首先,要重视文章的题目和文章的首句。因为文章的题目就是文章的主题,文章的内容就是环绕主题展开。首句很关键是因为首句是文章的导入,点明作者写文章的意图,背景等。

接着的每一段的第一句也很重要,因为每段的第一句实际上多半是每段的主题句,然后进行陈述或论述,逐步展开,给予例证,最后把该段内容用一句话来小结,所以每段的最后一个句子常常是该段的结论句,而整篇文章的最后一句就往往是这篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在。所以我们在阅读文章时要养成这样一个习惯:见了文章的题目,要停顿一下,想一想,如果让你写这篇文章将如何写,或猜一猜,这篇文章大概写什么,然后你会饶有兴趣地读下去。

接着在往下阅读时特别注意每段的第一句与最后一句,并用心记往,在读完全文时清晰地将全文的主要内容像看电影似的一幅一幅地印在脑中,记忆很深既把握住了全文的主要内容、论点、论据,又学会了作者的逻辑推理的方法技巧及整篇文章的框架结构,而这是写文章最重要的,也就是文章的构思。

高考英语短文改错解析 第3篇

高考英语 短文改错 题是通过 整篇文章来考查考生的阅读理解能力。新课标改革以来, 高考英语做了部分变革最突出的当属短文改错部分,由原来的短文中一行一改 ,变为不设 空式 ,即短文中可能会一行一错,也可能是一行多错,或无错。这就增加了高中英语试题的难度,更加倾向于考察学生阅读能力和英语基础知识的掌握,此类题型难度适中,区分度高 ,命题设计 的难度系 数一般为0.45—0.49, 区分度一 般为0.65—0.69,从某种程度上说 ,此类题型不仅满足 了高考的 选拔而且 考出了考生的编校能力和语篇评价能力。 近年来高考短文改错特点及命题规律是,从辨别正误的 层次上考 查考生的 语言基本功 和准确使 用语法及 词汇的语 言综合运用能力。

二 、高考英语短文改错的设错规律

(一 ) 短文改错的设题特点

短文改错主要包括词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑等,涉及名词、冠 词连词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、动词时态、非谓语动词等。如,重庆市高考英语短文改错有三种形式: 多词、缺词、错词,以错词居多。

1. 多词 。 多词主要考查冠词 、介词连词、助 动词、不 定式符号to、词义重复、固定搭配以及行文逻辑等方面。

2. 缺词。缺词考查内容与多词相差不多,主要考查冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、b动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整等方面。

3. 错词。错词考查较为复杂 ,所占比例最大,涉及内容 广泛 ,包括各种 易错词法、句法等语法现象。常考内容有冠词、名词单复数、介词、连词 、动词时态、过去分词与现在分词、词语辨析、主谓一致、人称一致,等等。

(二 ) 常见考点的归纳

1. 词。高考短文改错当中词的考点可以归纳为以下几个方面:

(1) 谓语动词 的时态、 语态变化 、情态动词 及非谓语 动词的不 定式和分词 形式是历 年短文改 错题的重 点考查内容;(2)形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;(3) 考查词性的变化: 名词单复数和名词所有格变化、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的各种形式;(4)定冠词和不定冠词的用法;(5) 考查近似词语的差异;(6)固定搭配和习惯用法。

2. 句子。 (1)名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的各种用法;(2) 英语的一致性和并列、从属现象;(3)句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及 逻辑性 ;(4)强调句型、形式主语和宾语等特殊句式的用法。(5)时态。时态错误几乎是每年高考短文改错中必设的改错题。学生要仔细地 去检查文 中的每一 个谓语动 词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否一致。

3. 文章整体。首先要有整体阅读的概念。通过读全文,迅速理解大意,抓住语篇行文逻辑,在阅读过程中一定要将一一个个完完整整 的的句句子子甚甚 至至逻逻辑辑密密 切切的的句句群群一次读完,以获得对全文的整体性的全面理解,切忌断句 取义 ,造成上下 文逻辑不通,使文章意 思有误 ,更不要拿 过题就一行行地做下去。

三、应试策略

1. 看到名词时 ,检查名词和限定词的搭配。如名词和冠词、指示代词、物主代词搭配是否有误,名词的单复数是否正确。

2. 看到动词 , 就要检查 动词的时态 、语态以 及非谓语 动词形式 是否正确。常见的错误形式是总体时态为过去时或现在时,中间却加有另一时态以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式之间的误用。

3. 句中出现代词时 ,检查代词是否误用。

4. 看到句子中 出现形容 词与副词时,要检查形容词与副词是否误用。主要考查形式为形容词, 副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用及形容词、副词之间的误用等。

5. 正确规范解题。要严格按照示范规定的符号改错, 务必记住“√”““∧”“”分别代表准确无误、错词纠正缺词填补、多词删除。这也要求教师平时在对学生进行训练的同时,养成做题准确标记、规范答题的良好习惯。

总而言之,短文改错是考查考生们掌握英语综合能力的题型,它的操作性很强,不仅需要学生们扎实地掌握基本的语法、句法知识 ,还需要学 生能灵活运 用所学知 识点。只 要学生充 分地领会、运用解题 技巧 ,在高考过 程中放平心态,带着敏锐的纠错眼光去寻找错误并加以改正,短文改错题将不会是取得高分的绊脚石。“不积小流, 无以成江河,不积跬步,无以至千里。千里之行始于足下”。我们平时一定要勤学苦练积累经验,设法掌握短文改错的技巧和方法,全面提高自己的英语应试能力和知识水平。

高考英语阅读理解模拟题解析 第4篇

Switzerland may be a small, little-regarded mid-continental country with a serious image problem. Switzerland covers an area of 41,285 sq km. At the most, it's 220km from north to south, and 348km from west to east. The highest point is the Dufourspitze at 4634m above sea level, the lowest is Lago Maggiore at 193m. The total population is around 7.4 million, of whom 5.9 million are Swiss citizens.

Switzerland has grown into one of the world's richest countries. Its economy is small-scale but thoroughly modern: traditional industries such as watchmaking and textiles(纺织品)now thrive by focusing closely on the luxury end of the market and have ceded(割让)prime position to engineering, pharmaceuticals(药学的)and service industries.

Within this rugged environment, community spirit is perhaps stronger than anywhere else in Europe. Since the country isn't an ethnic, linguistic or religious unity, it's survived simply through the will of its people to resolve their differences.

Tourism has been a high earner since the mid-nineteenth century, when the Alps(阿尔卑斯山)became both a fashionable destination for wealthy travelers and a prescribed retreat for sufferers from breathing diseases needing curative sunshine and fresh mountain air. And yet the country still stands alone.

Switzerland is remarkably polyglot(通晓多种语言的人). There are four official languages: about two-thirds of the population have German as their first language; about a fifth French; six percent Italian; while Romansh, a direct descendant(后代)of Latin, has clung on in pockets of the mountainous southeast. Around one in ten people use English every day, and many Swiss are comfortably tri- or quadrilingual.

1.Switzerland’s economy has the following characters EXCEPT_____________.

A.small-scale but simply thoroughly modern

B.watchmaking and textiles becoming less important

C.traditional industries thriving in luxury markets

D.engineering, pharmaceuticals and service industries are important

2.What’s the advantage of Switzerland in Europe?

A.Its community spirit is stronger than any other country in Europe.

B.Its community is an ethnic, linguistic or religious unity.

C.Its community spirit has survived through the will of its people.

D.Its people have the will to resolve their differences in every way.

3.Switzerland’s tourism is famous for ________.

A.wealthy travelers B.curative sunshine

C.fresh mountain airD.the Alps

4.What are the four official languages in Switzerland?

A.German, French, English and Latin.

B.German, Italian, French and Romansh.

C.German, Italian, Romansh and English.

D.German, Latin, Romansh and French.

5.What’s the best title of the passage?

A.Area of Switzerland.

B.History of Switzerland.

C.Switzerland.

D.Tourism in Switzerland.

6.What’s the meaning of word “thrive” in Paragraph Two?

A.Cause somebody or something to feel a thrill or thrills.

B.Examine and measure the qualities etc of sb or sth.

C.Grow or develop well and vigorously; prosper.

D.Turn or move sb or sth quickly or violently in directions.

答案与解析:

1.B。细节理解题。从第二段第二句话可知道瑞士的传统工业例如钟表制造业和纺织业正在兴起而不是变的不重要。

2.A。推理判断题。从第三段第一句话可推测出瑞士人的团体精神比欧洲任何一个国家的都强,因此这就是她的优势之处。

3.D。推理判断题。从第四段第一句话后半部分中的the Alps became both a fashionable destination可知阿尔卑斯山是一个受人欢迎的旅游目的地,因此它应该以阿尔卑斯山出名。

4.B。细节理解题。从第五段第二句话There are four official languages: about two-thirds of the population have German as their first language; about a fifth French; six percent Italian; while Romansh, a direct descendant of Latin,has clung on in pockets of the mountainous southeast.可知道瑞士的官方语言应该是German德语、French法语、Italian意大利语和Romansh语这四中语言。

5.C。概括文章标题题。从全篇文章可知都是围绕着Switzerland展开的,而其他的都是它的一部分,故以Switzerland为文章标题最好。

高考英语:英语阅读理解解析 第5篇

解析)

There are various reasons why cancers appear to be on the increase.For one thing, though their sufferers are to be found in all age groups, cancers are particularly likely to attack persons in their middle and advanced years.Naturally, since people live longer these years, there are more cancer sufferers than before.Again, with better methods of diagnosis(诊断), doctors can more easily recognize cancerous growths that would formerly have passed unnoticed or that would have been wrongly diagnosed.It is also believed that certain habits and conditions of modem living, including heavy smoking and the pollution of the air, may leave people living in more cancer-causing conditions than before.We all look forward to the day when a simple medical test can find cancer while it is still small.Researchers around the world are working on such a test.Most of their work deals with the examination of the blood.Researchers in Boston have found something in the blood of cancer patients that does not appear in healthy persons.The test showed which persons had cancer and which did not.It was correct more than 90 percent of the time.The researchers believe the test may be able to show cancer very clearly in its development.Cancers discovered early usually can be treated successfully.The test examines very small bits of fat in the blood called lipids(脂质).Cancers seem to change lipids although doctors do not know why.The test showed differences between the lipids of the persons with cancer and the lipids of those without cancer.The researchers say the new test could be a step to develop a simple way to check patients for cancer before the disease shows on an X-ray.1.Who will fail cancer from the study of the researchers?

A.The young.C.The man.B.The middle age and the older.D.The woman.2.The underlined words “such a test” refer to________.A.the test that shows which persons have cancer and which don’t.B.the test that may be able to show cancer very early in its development,.C.a simple medical test that cannot find cancer when it is-small

D.a new test that could be a step to develop a difficult way

3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Cancers have much to do with something in patients’ blood.B.People living in better conditions are most likely to be attacked by cancer.C.X-raying is the best way to determined whether a person has cancer or not.D.Cancers have nothing to do with a person’s habits and living conditions.4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A.A simple way to cancerB.Cancers can be cured

C.How to find cancerD.Early discovery of cancer

As a human being you may have the choice of three basic attitudes towards life.You may treat life with the philosophy(哲学)of the vegetable, in which case your life will include being born, eating, drinking, sleeping, marrying, growing old and dying.The second basic attitude is to look at life as if it were a business.A great many so-called successful men and women believe that life is a business.If you believe so, your first question of life, naturally, is “ What do I get out of it? ” “ How much is this worth to me?” In a word, based on this attitude, happiness becomes a matter of successful competition.The great majority of human beings today look at life as if it were a business.The third attitude toward life is the way of the artist.Here the basic philosophy is “What can I put into it?”.They value cooperation and contribution.This point of view has been proved by history;for history remembers best those who have contributed most richly to the interests of their fellow-men.The more we

investigate(调查),the more we become certain that the artistic attitude is the only one which goes with human happiness.5.From the passage we know people who take the second life attitude ________.A.are mostly businessmenB.think of getting the interests(利益)first

C.find their happiness from hard work

whole life

6.People who are best remembered by history are probably

A.those living on vegetablesB.successful men

C.artistsD.businessmen D.take competition as their

7.We may infer from this passage that ________.A.some people are living only on vegetables

B.the artistic attitude is accepted by most people

C.the writer prefers the third life attitude

D.artists do most for the society in order to be remembered longer than others

The question of what children learn, and how they should learn, is continually being debated and redebated.Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the learning of lessons parrot-fashion, the grammar-with-a-whip system, which was good enough for our grandparents.The theories of modem psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children.Children are not just small adults;they are children who must be respected as much.Well, you may say, this is as it should be, a good idea.But think further.What happens? “Education” becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists(心里学家).What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications(暗示)of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves.If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s.So teachers worry whether history is “relevant” to modern young

children.And do they dare to recount stories about violence? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better.Sums? Arithmetic? No: Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.You see, you can go too far.Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than to write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs.They make elaborate, sophisticated(精致的,复杂的)preparations and try out their “modem methods” on the long-suffering children.Since one “modem method” rapidly replaces another the poor kids will have had a good bellyful by the time they leave school.Frequently the modem methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children;even more often, the relaxed discipline so essential for the “ informal” feelings the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.8.People do not dare defend the old system mainly because under the old system________.A.too much grammar was taught to childrenB.children were spoiled(宠坏)

C.children were treated as grown-upsD.children were made to learn passively(被动的)

9.What view do the modem psychologists hold?

A.Children must be understood and respected.B.Children are small adults and know what they need.C.Children are better off without learning lessons.D.Education of children is the responsibility of psychologists.10.What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychology of their lessons?

A.They find that the children dislike the lessons.B.They tend to blame students for their failure.C.They do not pay enough attention to the actual lessons.D.They no longer want to teach children history.11.Grammatical sentences are regarded as unimportant because ________.A.it is better to use verbs only

B.words are said out of natural feelings only

C.talking freely and naturally without sentences is a better form of expression

D.it is felt that formal grammar rules might cause unnatural expressions

12.According to the passage, the modern methods are understood by ________.A.neither teachers nor pupilsB.only a handful of teachers and pupils

C.the more sophisticated teachersD.everyone who enjoys the relaxed discipline of the informal classes

【答案与解析】

1.B 细节题。从第一段中的cancers are particularly likely to attack persons in their middle and advanced years可以知道癌症尤其容易在中年人和老年人的身体上发生。

2.B 词义题。第二段中的a simple medical test can find cancer while it is still small;test与后面的such a test指的是同样的一种方法,所以这里的test指的是上句的“用最简单的方法诊断早期的癌症”。

3.A 细节题。第三段中提到了cancer病人血液中的有些东西在健康人中没有,并且百分之九十以上的情况是这样的。B项与D项的意思与文章第一段中的certain habits and conditions of modern living including heavy smoking and pollution of the air may leave people living in more cancer-causing conditions不符;C项内容与文章最后一段的意思不符。

4.D 主旨题。文章在开头就交代了写作的目的,有各种不同的理由说明了为什么癌症似乎在上升,而从后面的几段我们知道科学家们正在研究一种新的早期诊断cancer的方法。

5.B 推断题。第二种人生态度是把生活看作一种生意,当然是利益最重要了。

6.C 细节题。从最后一段第四句可知。

7.C 推断题。从文章的最后一句可推知

8.D 推断题。由第一段第二句“鹦鹉学舌般地课文学习、附带鞭子的语法教学”可知,这种学习孩子非常被动。

9.A 细节题。由第一段最后一句可知:我们必须懂得孩子们的需要,还要尊重孩子们。

10.C 细节题。由第二段中“教师过多担心功课的心理暗示,忽略了功课本身”可知。

11.B 推断题。由第二段中Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better可推断出。

2009年高考英语完形解析 第6篇

一.考题分析

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove his face to see if I knew him.I didn’t.Perhaps he had every morning like old friends.done to me over the last few days.The kids already had the window down and were happily stiff-looking(表情刻板的)So far I haven’t seen anyonewave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(nto so many people’s lives 16.A.hit B.disappointed C.presented D.bored【标准答案】C

【试题解析】句意为:他的出现使我感到迷惑不解。hit表示“打,打击,碰撞”; disappoint表示“失望的”;presented表示“出现,出席”;bored表示“厌烦的”,由句意应选C。17.A.on B.from C.during D.about【标准答案】A

【试题解析】上句所指迷惑不解其原因是他向我招手看上去像是密友似的。on seeing表示“看上去”。

18.A.false B.shy C.apologetic D.bright

【标准答案】D

【试题解析】这里指人的笑容,应是笑容可掬或灿烂的笑脸。

19.A.research B.study C.recognize D.explore【标准答案】B

【试题解析】句意为:随后几天,我试着端详他的面孔看我是否认识他。

research 调查,研究;study 细看,学习,研究;recognize 认出,认可,承认;explore 探险,探测,探究。

20.A.praised B.blamed C.mistaken D.respected【标准答案】C

【试题解析】句意为:或许他把我误认为某个人。mistake sb.for sb.表示“把……误认为……”。

21.A.conclusion B.description C.evaluation D.introduction

【试题解析】句意为:到底我对我的结论感到心满意足,他和我是陌生人。最后验证他和我是陌生人的结论。

22.A.argument B.disagreement C.mystery D.task【标准答案】C

【试题解析】接下来,这个秘密有一天得以解开。其他三项都不符合句意。

23.A.visited B.approachedC.passed D.left【标准答案】B

【试题解析】句意为:正当我们快要到学校时,他站在马路中央。approach 表示“靠近,接近,动手处理”的意思。

24.A.drawing back B.putting on C.handing in D.holding out

【标准答案】D

【试题解析】由上句可知站在马路中央伸手示意停车draw back撒回,收回(承诺等),拉起,退却;put on 穿上,戴上;hand in交上,递交;;hold out伸出。

25.A.Once B.Before C.Unless D.While【标准答案】A

【试题解析】当孩子到了安全的人行道上,我在四辆车后面。引导时间状语从句。

26.A.in B.through C.out D.down【标准答案】B

【试题解析】根据句意:他放下信号让我过去。表示穿过应用through。

27.A.cried B.cheered C.smiled D.gestured【标准答案】C

【试题解析】由前面一直在做的事情是对我微笑。可以推断出选C。

28.A.idea B.reply C.notice D.greeting

【标准答案】D

【试题解析】按照事情的发生,应该是第二辆车也是打招呼问候,故选D。

29.A.awkward B.angry C.elegant D.patient【标准答案】A

【试题解析】前面说的是表情刻板的生意人,可以推断出挥手的动作应是尴尬。故选A。

30.A.came B.responded C.hurried D.appeared【标准答案】B

【试题解析】接下来的送孩子上学的车回报更热心了。

31.A.surprise B.frustration C.interest D.doubt【标准答案】C

【试题解析】句意为:每天早晨我继续带着兴趣观看这个人。Surprise表示“吃惊” frustration表示“挫折,顿挫”;interest表示“兴趣”;doubt表示“怀疑,疑惑”。32.A.fail B.try C.wish D.bother【标准答案】A

【试题解析】句意为:到目前为止,我还没见过拒绝挥手。

33.A.offer B.sacrifice C.promise D.difference

【标准答案】D

【试题解析】句意为:我觉得很有意思,一个人可以做如此不同的事情,所以很多人的生活就如同做这一个简单的事象挥手和热情的微笑一样。

34.A.effectiveness B.cheerfulness C.carefulness D.seriousness

【试题解析】句意为:他的快乐的招手开始了我的一天。由前面可知她每天早晨送孩子上学,遇见他。

35.A.trends B.observations C.regulations D.feelings

【标准答案】D

【试题解析】句意为:用一个友好的挥手和微笑的脸,改变了整个邻里的感觉。

二.完形考点分析

词汇的准确性、上下文逻辑关系、语义的衔接、惯用搭配和语法知识的掌握。

1.词汇的准确性(见上16,18,19,21,26,31,34,35题)

众所周知,在完形填空中,词汇的霸主地位依旧不可撼动。一般而言,词汇考察部分分为基本词义与近义辨析两个部分。前者考察的主要是考生能否识别选项中的单词意思与用法,因此出现的考察选项往往并非较为常见,或者以较为常见单词中不是很较为常见的意思进行考察。后者考察的难度要更高一些,立足于将意思较为相近的四个选项,或者虽然意思并非相近但容易让人误以为意思相近的选项,给考生进行辨析,一方面,考生需要结合上下文找出所要填充选项的单词大致意思,另一方面,考生更要从意思相近的选项之中筛选出所真正要的正确选项,困难可以说是很大,这一能力的提高往往需要大量的相关题目进行良好的训练。

2.上下文逻辑关系

英语文章强调句与句、段与段之间的逻辑性和流畅性,强调句句相联、段段相接。用于加强句与句之间连贯性的方法不少,但最常用的方法是使用过渡词和代词。

3.惯用搭配(见上17题)

固定搭配作为很直观的考查点,具有自己很明显的特点,即在对于某一固定搭配的考察之中,对于认识和掌握这一固定搭配的人来说,固定搭配非常简单易选,但对于不熟悉这一固定搭配的考生来讲,往往很难凭借既有英语基础做出正确推断。所以对于体系庞大的固定搭配的重复不断记忆往往变成这一部分备考的突破点所在。

4.语法知识的掌握(见上25题)

现在的全国研究生入学考试去掉了“结构与词汇”部分。学生可能认为不必再学语法了。这是一种误解。语法知识在理解英文的过程中起着至关重要的作用,在帮助高考理解上下文的内容和逻辑关系方面也是非常必要的。

5.篇章的一致性和连贯性方面(见上22,23,24,27,28,29,30,32,33题)

考题的一大重点是语义的衔接,要求考生在选择正确答案时,不但要考虑四个选项意义、用法上的区别,还要分析上下文中的语义关系,使所选答案与上下文紧密相连,符合语境。与其他英语试卷中的单句词汇题不同,有些题目具体做法单句看,似乎有不止一个答案是正确的,但结合上下文,只有一个答案符合语义的要求。

三.完形特点

1.从所选文章的角度

体裁上,以叙为主,叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文,这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种,因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此,短文一般按照时间线索行文,内部逻辑清晰层次分明。

题材上,选用真实世界中的语言材料,考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力,对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注,并兼顾高考的公平性原则,不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。

难度上,基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上,完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。

2.从所挖空格的角度

首先,该题型所选短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空,目的是让考生熟悉语言环境,迅速进入主题,对文章有宏观和整体性的把握,建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词(组),平均每14词挖一个空格,通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。

其次,挖去的词汇以实词为主,虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面,而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容,这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下,常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降,目前仅在3个空格左右。

最后,具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”,即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文中给出解题的线索。并且,某特定空格的解题线索多不在本空格所在的句子,或上一句或下一句,或上几句或下几句,所以我们在考场上应逾越空格所在的单句,结合更宏观的上下文来解题。

3.从所拟选项的角度

同一空格所对应的四个选项一般是同一词性,或在句子中充当同样的语法成分,这个拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中,具体的语法规则不再是考查重点,更强调的是辨别词语之间的细微差异,考查考生对上下文的理解,要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以,所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立,错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配,具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。针对这种情况,考生们在解题过程中就更要紧抓文章主线,站在语篇的高度综合处理各选项的取舍。

四.应对方法

本小组认为,提高高考完形题目的准确率应从以下几个方面着手。

1.语感的培养

首先,不承认语感的存在,否定语感在完形解题过程中的作用是不客观的。既然语感对解题可以形成有益的帮助,我们就要想方设法提高自己的语感。但是感觉这个东西说起来虚无缥缈,如何培养和提高呢?语法可以分成句法和词法两部分,受此启发,我们也将语感这个东西一分为二,拆开变成句感和词感。

文章可以看成纵横两个维度构成的,单句内部各成分有着横向的联系,而不同句子中各相同词性的词之间也有某种纵向的联系,这两类联系正好是对应句感和词感。所谓句感,可以通过梳理并分析句子内部不同成分的之间的关系来提高:把完形文章中各个句子独立出来,进行详细的语法分析,体会不同成分之间的相关性,进而对各成份如何构成句子有所把握;所谓词感,可以通过寻找并揣摩文章中各个句子之间相同词性的单词之间的联系来提高:把完形语段中所有已知和未知的同词性词汇找出来,体会他们的共性特点,进而对整个一类词都有所感悟。也就是说,在练习的时候,只要坚持对每种词性的单词,对每种结构的句子都进行细致的分析和思考,语感就会有与日俱增的提高。

2.规律的总结

纵观历年各地英语高考完形填空真题,会发现有些词汇和语法点是命题组所特别偏爱的,例如名词里的voice,形容词里的surprise,副词里的again,动词里的continue,经常出现在选项之中,且多为正确项;而与之相对的,有些例如一些基本名词则几乎不会在试卷中出现。这说明,词汇表中几千单词并不是都同等重要,都要一一掌握详细的意思和用法的。总有一些单词是命题组偏爱的,总有一些是经常出现在高考试卷上的。如果我们在备考的时候能知道哪些词是经常出现的,对其额外的多加操练,就提高了备考的效率,无形节约了时间,为自己增加了竞争力。那么,那些词是命题人常用惯用的词呢,又有谁知道呢?

其实很简单,历年真题就是一个非常好的样本。高考真题是考试大纲和考试说明最真实的体现和最权威的诠释。通过对历年真题的观察、归纳和总结,我们就能够看到一些共性的现象,而这就是所谓的规律。很多同学总是很迷信什么类似“三长一短选一短,三短一长选一长,两长两短蒙C项”的所谓的“规律”,其实如果自己开动脑筋,也可以自己从历年真题中找到一些规律的。怎么找呢,你把历年真题翻来覆去地看熟读透,然后把一些近似的题目归纳到一起,把具体的微观的差异都忽略掉,找出一些抽象的宏观的共同现象,这不就是规律么。真正会学习的人要学会自己去寻找规律,而自己总结出来的规律是最有效也最有说服力的。真正的强者要善于向内寻求力量。

3.省力的捷径

背诵,是最好的最有效的解决方案。完形填空的文字因为其内部有复杂的关系、精妙的结构、地道的表达,是高考试卷中最有价值的语篇,远比很多同学背诵的《新概念》更有效率和针对性。在没有时间和水平充分开发真题价值的时候,背诵不失为一个很好的选择。

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