英语语法难点精析

英语语法难点精析（精选6篇）

英语语法难点精析 第1篇

2013考研英语语法难点精析之虚拟语气

虚拟语气的重点是：

1.一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。

2.虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、的建议、的命令、的提议、的意愿等的主语从句、的宾语从句、的`表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。

3.主从句表示不同的时间概念、的事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。

4.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。

上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、的虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。

下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。

一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型

(1) 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气

A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。

B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.

---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”

---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”

I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

(2) had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.

(3) would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

(4) It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。

It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。

(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：

Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：

If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。

They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。

She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。

(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等

If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.

大学网才研频道。

★ 英语语法倒装结构

★ 考研英语语法突破：倒装结构完全攻略

★ 考研英语语法三点复习建议

★ 如何学好晦涩难懂的考研英语语法

★ 现代汉语有+VP结构特征简析

★ KAME IPv6的地址结构简析

★ 考研英语高频语法考点：AS结构

★ 考研英语语法重难点精解 副词

★ 考研英语语法精解 用途句子分类

★ 省略与成分缺失

英语语法难点精析 第2篇

根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。” 其测试的重点是考生对英语的理解能力及汉语表达能力,有关翻译部分的规定是“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意”。这就需要考生既要有比较好的英语基础，还要有扎实的汉语功底。翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言;它是一项对综合能力要求比较高的题型，它不仅要求学生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化等有较好的掌握，还要求学生有着很强的组词成句、组句成段的能力。但是其在评分时有合适标准和可接受的标准，也就是说只要考生所翻译的句子适合于上下文的基本思想而且其译文也能被人所接受，一般可以判定这个句子的翻译符合要求。

由于翻译部分的句型结构和阅读理解的较难句型基本类似，考试重点如出一辙，为了让大家更好的理解阅读理解真题文章，提高做题正确率，现在把考研翻译方法进行归纳总结，以便大家复习参考。

被动语态翻译法

1) 变为汉语的主动形式。

Eg:

It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。

Eg:

For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。

Eg:

How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些预测将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。

3) 增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。

Eg:

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比较，他们并认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。

Eg:

During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

分译法

英语长句子比较多，汉语句子相对而言比较短。在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。

Eg: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。

合译法

和分译法不同，合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起，使其更符合汉语的表达方法。Eg:

Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他们说科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。(将英语的一个句子结构翻译成一个词组)

Eg:

When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不是遭到嘲笑。(When that happens, it is not a mistake原来是两个句子，现在组合成一个简洁的汉语句子。)

顺序调整法

一般来说，翻译时应该按照句子原来的顺序进行，但由于英汉两种语言中定语、状语和一些其他成分的位置不完全相同，翻译时需要做一定的调整(例如采用倒译法)，使其更符合汉语的`习惯。

Eg:

The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.如果我们进入了技术新时代而不首先估价我们对环境所负的责任，我们将遇到公害，这些公害将表明危险真正达到了什么程度。

Eg:

That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。(原来的谓语，在译文中变成了在前的主语。)

反译法

一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。

1)否定译成肯定。

Eg:

I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。

Eg:

Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。(双重否定)

2)肯定译成否定。

Eg:

Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿的权利。

Eg:

This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，[来源：考研加油绽]因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。

Eg:

The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

几种特殊否定句式的翻译法

“no more…than翻译成汉语“和……一样不”

Eg:

The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.脏和胃一样不能思维，都受大脑支配。

Eg:

There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.他们没有理由限定你吃多少维生素，就如同他们不能限定你喝多少水一样。

“not so much …as”翻译成“与其说……，不如说……”

Eg:

It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.与其说他输了比赛是多次被击中，不如说是自己缺乏斗志。

Eg:

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

Eg:

He is the last person I want to see in the world.他是这个世界上我最不愿意见到的人。

定语从句翻译法

1)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。

Eg:

Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的****情况调查报告。

2)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。

Eg:

Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知识，就肯定会落后。(译为条件状语从句)

九年级英语语法难点解析 第3篇

九年级英语学习的表示推测的情态动词有must,could,may,might,can等。它们在表示推测的时候,用来说明说话者的主观看法。先来看下面的例句,然后补全结论中所缺的内容。

[例句]

1. You've had no sleep for 36 hours.You must be very cxhaustcd.

你已经36小时没睡觉了,你一定筋疲力尽了。

2. Don't play with the knife.You could/may/might cut yourself.

不要玩小刀,你会伤了自己。

3. He can't be at home.He has gonc to Shanghai.

他不可能在家。他去上海了。

[结论]

A.当must表推测时,一般只用于肯定句,意为“肯定、一定”。它的肯定程度比could,may,might大得多。

B.could,may与might均可表示把握性不大的推测,意为“可能、也许”。

C.表示否定推测时常用can't,意为“不可能”。切记不要用mustn't。

[运用]

选择最佳选项

()1.—Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.

—It ＿＿＿＿＿＿ be very expensive

A.must B.can

C.mustn't D.may not

()2.Henry＿＿＿＿＿＿be at homc because he phoned me from the farm just now.

A.mustn't B.isn't able to

C.may not D.can't

()3.—Whose red backpack is this?

—It＿＿＿＿＿＿be Tom's.His backpack is red.

A.might B.need C.must D. can't

Key:

1-3 ADA

二、如何正确使用used to

初中三年级英语中,我们学习了used to这一短语,它是初中英语一个重点短语。但是有些同学却不太清楚它的用法,在此我们就如何正确使用这个词组作一下分析。used to意为“过去常常”,表示动作已经成为过去,现在不再做了。请仔细观察下面有关used to的句子,然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。

[例句]

1.Chinese people used to think that Chang'e was on the moon.

2.He didn't use to come here./He usedn't to come here.

3.Did he use to come here by bus?/Used he to come here by bus?

4. She used to go to work by bike,didn't she/usedn't she?

5. The boy didn't use to like eating candy,did he/used he?

[结论]

A.used to意为“过去常常、以前常常”,后接动词＿＿＿＿＿＿,表示过去的习惯。

B.used to的否定形式和疑问形式可以借助于助动词＿＿＿＿＿＿,也可以直接用＿＿＿＿＿＿进行转换。

C.含有used to的反意疑问句的附加部分常借助于助动词＿＿＿＿＿＿或used构成。

[运用]

()1.He used to＿＿＿＿＿＿in America,but now he lives in China.

A.live B.living C.lives

()2.You used to go to school by bike,＿＿＿＿＿＿?

A.don't you B.didn't you C.used you

[拓展]

★be/get used to意为“习惯于(做)……”。后面跟名词或v-ing形式。例如:

Are you used to the wet weather here?

She has got used to eating Chinese food.

★be used to do意为“被用来做……”,后面跟动词原形。例如:

This knife is used to cut bread.

★be used for意为“用于/被用来(做)……”,后面跟v-ing形式。例如:

The scissors are used for cutting hair

[跟踪练习]

用used to,be used to,be used for的适当形式填空。

3.The pen＿＿＿＿＿＿writing.

4.＿＿＿＿＿＿your brother＿＿＿＿＿＿play soccer after school?

5.My father_______drinking coffee after dinner.

Key:

A.原形,B.did,used.C.did

1.A 2.B 3.is used for 4.Did,use to/used,to 5.is used to

[根据汉语提示,完成下列句子]

(本题由责任编辑补充)

6.你过去常打篮球吗?

＿＿＿＿＿＿you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ basketball?

＿＿＿＿＿＿you＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿ basketball?

7.我现在不给你写信了,但过去经常写。

I don't write to you now,but I＿＿＿＿＿＿.

8.我母亲过去是一位农民,但现在她是一名工人。

My mother＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿a farmer,but now she is a worker.

9.他过去常在阳光下读书。

He＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in the sun.

He＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in the sun.

10.他将会习惯于早起。

He will＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿up early.

Key:

高二英语下学期部分语法知识精析 第4篇

1. 根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。

(1) 动词+副词(不及物)

Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。

(2) 动词+副词(及物)

Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。

注意:①如果宾语较长,应避免把副词同动词分开。例如:She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还亮着的灯。

②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。例如:She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。

(3) 动词+介词(及物)

I’m looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。

注意:①其后跟宾语时,必须把宾语放在介词后面,人称代词也不例外。

②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。例如:She’s got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。

(4) 动词+副词+介词

I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。

注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。

例如:In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。

2. 熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。

(1) 同一动词和不同介词搭配。例如:

①hear from收到……的来信 hear of听说

②look after照料 look at看 look for寻找

(2) 同一动词和不同副词搭配。例如:

①ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话

②put away放好 put on穿,上演 put up挂起,举起

(3) 不同动词和同一介词搭配。例如:

look for寻找 call for去取(某物),去接(某人) ask for请求 wait for等候 send for派人去叫

(4) 不同动词和同一副词搭配时,意义上的差异。例如:

①break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭 hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完 set out出发 take out取出 work out算出

②break down出毛病 come down落下来 get down下车 take down取下 write down写下

英语否定概念的表达形式一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型。总结如下表:

在think,suppose,imagine,believe,expect,guess等动词所接的宾语从句中,谓语动词的否定应前移到这些动词前。但hope不属于该用法之列。例如:

I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。

not常放在上述动词及be afraid之后代替一个有否定含义的从句。例如:

问:Is it going to rain?

肯定回答:I suppose so.

否定回答:I suppose not. 或I don’t suppose so.

对于hope和be afraid,否定回答只能说I hope not. 和I’m afraid not.

省略的目的是为了避免重复,使语言精练。大体上来说,被省略的部分是上文已出现过的词语。有些被省略的部分,虽非上文出现的内容, 但是在意义上是不言自明的。

1.简单句中的省略

1) 省略主语。例如:Get up. (省略了主语you,祈使句中的主语通常被省略)

2) 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。例如:

No smoking. (省略了主谓语There is)

Have a cup of tea? (省略了主语及谓语的助动词部分will you)

3) 省略宾语。例如:

—Do you know Mr. Smith?

—I don’t know. (省略了宾语him)

4) 省略表语。例如:

—Are you hungry?

—Yes, I am. (省略了表语hungry)

5) 同时省略几个成分。例如:

—Are you feeling better now?

—Much better. (省略了I am feeling...now)

6) 其他省略结构。例如:

(1) 名词所有格所修饰的名词,表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。例如:

We spent the weekend at the Smith’s.

(2) what和how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语it和be动词。例如:

What a wonderful victory (it is) for her!

(3) 不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to:

①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后边。例如:

I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.

②在have,need,ought,be going,used等后。例如:

I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.

③在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后。例如:

—Will you join us?

—I should love to.

注意:如不定式中有be, have, have been, 则常保留be, have, have been。例如:

—Are you a sailor?

—No, but I used to be.

—He hasn’t finished yet.

—Well, he ought to have.

但是,当前面句子中出现的是复合助动词时,在省略句中只需保留一个。例如:

—You wouldn’t have won if I hadn’t helped you.

—I would, I think.

当后一个句子中的助动词不同于前句的助动词时,则应重复。例如:

—I think Mary should be told.

—She has been

当be和have作实义动词时,其后的有关成分可以省去。例如:

—I am tired.

—I am, too.

而其他动词则不可以这样。例如:

—Do you like the play?

不可以说:Yes, I like. 而应该说:Yes, I like it / I do.

2. 并列句中的省略

如果后一个句中含有与前面一个句子相同的部分(主语、谓语、宾语或表语),我们通常将此予以省略。例如:

He sang and (he) played the guitar. (省略主语)

John washed (his own shirt) and ironed his own shirt. (省略宾语)

I haven’t read this book yet but I will (read it) later.(省略谓语)

Peter has recently become(a hard-working students), and his brother always was, a hard-working students. (省略表语)

但如果be, have和do在前一个句中作主要动词,而在后一个分句中用作助动词,这时后一个分句中的助动词不可以省去。例如:

Jane has a good memory and has recited all the poems we taught her last night.

3. 主从句中的省略

1) 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略;当先行词是time, reason, place时,作状语的关系副词when, why, where也可省去。例如:

This is the first time (when) he had trouble with the boss.

2) 宾语从句中的省略

在以疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句中,如该宾语从句涉及的是上下文所谈的内容,有时可以省去宾语从句中除疑问词以外的部分,而意思不受影响。例如:

The doctor believed something was wrong with Mike’s chest and he was trying to find out what (was wrong with Mike’s chest).

3) 一般状语从句中的省略

(1) 如果状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同,而谓语又含有动词be(包括连系动词和助动词),这时可以把从句的主语和be动词一同省去。例如:

While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

Though(he was) tired, the little girl kept on studying.

(2) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,也有这样的省略。例如:

Her father told her to be careful when crossing the street.

(3) 用so或not代替上文内容,用if so/not的省略句式。例如:

Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.

4) 比较状语从句中的省略

(1) 如从句中含有与主句相同的成分,通常仅保留参与比较的部分(即比较的另一方),省略其他成分。例如:

We are more confident than(we have) ever

(been).

(2) 如从句中含有先行主语it时,通常省略it和其指代部分(名词性从句或不定式)。例如:

He spent more money than(it) was intended (that he should spend).

(3) 比较状语从句中的宾语一般情况下不可省略。例如:

James enjoyed the movie more than Susan enjoyed it. (不能省略it)

但是,当谓语动词为动词替代词do时,宾语可以省略。例如:

He speaks English as well as his teacher does.

强调是对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出的一种修辞手法。有些是语法上的需要,同时也对信息起到强调作用。强调句的常见用法如下:

1. 用强调句型“It is(was)+被强调的部分+that(who)+原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿。

对主语进行强调:It was I that/who didn’t realize all my mistakes until you told me yesterday.

对宾语进行强调:It was all my mistakes that I didn’t realize until you told me yesterday.

对状语进行强调:It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes.

2. 用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”来表示强调。例如:

He does know the place well. 他的确很熟悉这个地方。

Do write to me when you get there. 你到那儿后务必给我来信。

3. 用形容词very, only, single, such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。例如:

That’s the very textbook we used last term. 这正是我们上学期用过的教材。

Not a single person has been in the shop this morning. 今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。

How dare you buy such expensive jewels?你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?

4.用ever,never,very,just等副词和badly,highly,really等带有-ly的副词来进行强调。例如:

Why ever did you do so? 你究竟为什么要这么做?

This is just what I wanted. 这正是我所要的。

He was badly wounded. 他伤得很严重。

I really don’t know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。

5.用in the world,on earth,at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句)。例如:

Where in the world could he be? 他到底会在哪儿?

What on earth is it?它究竟是什么?

Do you know at all?你到底知不知道?

6. 用感叹句来表示强烈的感情。例如:

How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊!

What a beautiful day! 多好的天气啊!

7. 用倒装句将要强调的部分置于句首来加强语气。例如:

On the table were some flowers. 桌上摆着一些花。

Many a time have I climbed that hill. 我多次翻过那座山。

Only in this way can we solve this problem. 只有这样,我们才能解决这个问题。

8. 用if来表示强调:

1) if从句+I don’t know who/what,etc. does/is/has,etc.;主句部分也可以用nobody does/is/has,etc.或everybody does/is/has,etc.来代替。这里的if从句往往是正话反说,反话正说。例如:

If he can’t do it, I don’t know who can. 要是他做不了这件事,我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做)

If Jim is a coward, everybody is. 要是吉姆是个胆小鬼,那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼)

2) if从句+it be主句(把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面,把其他内容放在由if引导的从句中)。例如:

If anyone knew the truth, it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相,那便是汤姆。

If there is one thing he loves, it is money. 如果说世界上还有他爱的东西,那便是金钱。

1. In some western countries, demand of graduates from MBA courses has .

A. turned downB. turned over

C. fallen downD. fallen over

2. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson

cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.

A. took upB. caught on

C. carried outD. made for

3. It’s ten years since the scientiston his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.

A. made forB. set out

C. took offD. turned up

4. We all think you speak English as fluently as .

A. speaks a native speaker

B. a native speaker does

C. will a native speaker

D. a native speaker is

5. —You should have thanked her before you left.

—I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.

A. to doB. to

C. doingD. doing so

6. You are putting on weight. Why _______ your milk without sugar?

A. not havingB. not have

C. you not haveD. you not to have

7.about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was

B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were

D. The couple was such curious

8. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

A. man did knowB. man knew

C. didn’t man knowD. did man know

9. In history of China sometimes little _______ about the economic development.

A. the government cares

B. does the government care

C. doesn’t the government care

D. the government doesn’t care

10. Autumn coming, down _______.

A. do the leaves fall

B. the leaves will fall

C. fall the leaves

D. the leaves have fallen

11. —_______that he managed to get the information?

—Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was itB. What was it

C. How was itD. Why was it

12. It was said that not until the old man had passed away _______ to his relatives.

A. she let out the secret

B. was the secret let out

C. out she let the secret

D. out let the secret

13. New ideas some times have to wait for years before ________.

A. being fully accepted

B. fully accepted

C. fully accepting

考研英语翻译题重难点精析 第5篇

1)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。

Eg：

Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。

2)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。

Eg：

Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知识，就肯定会落后。(译为条件状语从句)

The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。(译成原因状语从句)

A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。(译为时间状语结构)

The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。(译为并列分句)

英语语法疑点难点总结 第6篇

（七年级上半期）

一、have和has的区别及用法：

都表示“有”

用于主语是非第三人称单数，如： we/ they/ you / I 等如： I have a pen； have前面一般是第一、二人称或者是复数，例如：We，I，You，Mary and John，Parents，Books；

用在主语是第三人称单数时, 如 she/ he / it如;My mother has been to the Great Wall three times；has则是相反的，一般是第三人称或者单数，例如：A monkey，The girl~~这是最基础的不同点~~

二、their和they them的区别及用法 是所有格（物主代词）意思是：他们的 通常作为主语 意思是： 他们是宾语 跟在动词后面 意思是：他们

三、可数名词的单复数规则

可数名词都有单数和复数之分。

A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则：

1.一般情况加 s ： book--books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls

2.以 s、sh、ch、x结尾的加 es ： class---classes box----boxes match----matches

3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es： city---cities

country----countries party----parties factory----factories

4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 ：heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)5.以f，fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es ：thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelfThe thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.四、可数名词与不可数名词

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、关于可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：

1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如：

book → books room → rooms

house → houses day → days

2.以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：bus → buses glass → glasses

watch → watches

dish → dishes box → boxes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city → cities body → bodies

factory → factories等等。

4.以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half → halves leaf → leaves

knife → knives wife → wives

5.特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]

① child → children

② man → men woman → women

policeman → policemen

(规律：man → men)

③ tomato → tomatoes

potato → potatoes

[悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ]

④ foot → feet tooth → teeth

[悄悄话： oo变成ee。]

⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]

⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数； people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。

三、关于不可数名词

1.不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。

2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。

如：water(水)→ waters(水域)

orange(橘汁)→ oranges(橘子)

3.很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。

如：fruit → fruits food → foods

fish → fishes hair → hairs

四、名词可数不可数“六注意”

1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread，a little milk等。

2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)，表示特

指时，前面要用定冠词the;而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。如：

He is a factory worker.他是一名工人。

No one can see air.没有人能看见空气。

3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示“一些，许多”。如：

There are some oranges on the desk.桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。

4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用“单位词+of”来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：

This picture is very beautiful.这幅画很美。

不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：

There are two cups of tea on the table.桌上有两杯茶。

6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many;对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。如：

How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？

注意：对不可数名词前的“单位词”的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how

many。如：