动词不定式用法梳理解读

2024-05-23

动词不定式用法梳理解读（精选8篇）

动词不定式用法梳理解读第1篇

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。现对九年级动词不定式的用法作一次简要梳理。

一、用作主语

直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：

1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge...2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3.How to make requests politely is important.二、用作表语

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：

1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.三、用作宾语

1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：

1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)I’d love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：

1)Could you please tell me where to park my car? 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make /...it+adj./ n.+to do...。如：

I find it difficult to remember everything.4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：

1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.2)I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am.begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。

3)I like to eat vegetables.感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。

5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：

1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year.四、用作定语

1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：

1)I have so many chores to do today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her.3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：

1)He needs time to do homework.2)Is that a good place to hang out？

3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.3.在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如：

1)There’s just so much to see and do here.2)...but there are still many things to do there.五、用作补语

动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。

1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：

1)This picture makes me feel tense！

2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如：

1)...they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.2)Using email English helps you write quickly.4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：

1)He doesn’t seem to have many friends.2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.六、用作状语

1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：

1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to)discuss this question.(to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引导结果状语从句，in order to do不引导结果状语从句。)

2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：

My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：

1)Then I’m too tired to do well.What should I do?

2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.4.有些动词不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。

...the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。

5.独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：

1)Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.2)To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.七、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb.to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。如：

1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening.2.Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.八、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：

1.用作句子的成分。

1)I don’t know what to try next.(作宾语)

2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)

2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)

2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)

九、动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如： 1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.十．不带to 的 Couldyou please do had better do why not do

动词不定式用法梳理解读第2篇

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一.作主语

To be a doctor is hard.做医生很难。

To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。

动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为：

It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.再如：

It’s important to plant trees in spring.二.作表语：

动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例：

His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。

My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。

Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。

三.作宾语

动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：

I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。

They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。

Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。

Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？

*如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例：

（1）He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我们一起去游泳。

（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。

I find it’s interesting to learn English with you.我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。

He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。

四.作宾语补足语。

The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。

The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。

五.动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例：

Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？

She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字？

The best way to learn English is to use it.学英语最好的方法是使用它。

六.动词不定式作目的状语：

动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后，表目的。

He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。

They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。

有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。例：

“动词不定式”用法小结第3篇

1. 作主语

如:To learn English well is very important for students.

学好英语对于学生来说很重要。

To save water is to treasure life.

节约用水就等于珍惜生命。

注意:在不定式结构作主语时,通常采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置。

如:It is important for students to study English well.

学好英语对学生来说是很重要的。

2. 作宾语

如:I want to be a doctor when I grow up.

长大后我想当一名医生。

注意:有些及物动词跟复合宾语 ( 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ) 时,如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须找个形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上, 而将作宾语的不定式短语放在宾语补足语之前。

如:I fi nd it useful to learn Chinese well for foreigners.

我发觉学好汉语对外国人很有用。

3. 作定语,不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。

如:I have lots of work to do.

我有许多工作要做。

Give me a glass of water to drink.

给我一杯水喝

Jiao Yulu has no time to have a rest.

焦裕禄没有时间休息。

4. 作状语,动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中作状语。分以下三种情况:

(1)作目的状语。

如:He bought the building to make more money.

他买下那幢楼房是为了赚更多的钱。

(2)作结果状语。

如:You are old enough to take care of yourself.

你长大了能照顾自己。

(3)作原因状语。

如:I’m sorry to hear you quarreled with our English teacher.

听到你和我们英语老师吵架很遗憾。

5. 作表语,即把不定式短语放在系动词之后。

如:They are to be married soon.

他们很快就要结婚了。

My job is to teach students English.

我的工作是教同学们英语。

I seem to have seen her somewhere before.

我好像在哪儿见过她。

6. 作宾语补足语,动词不定式作宾语补足语时要注意以下三种情况。

(1)作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词notice,fi nd,feel,hear,see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。

如:The monkey made everyone laugh.

那只猴子让所有人都笑了起来。

I saw some students play basketball on the playground.

昨天我看到一些同学在操场上打篮球。

(2)作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。

如:Jim always helps me (to) study my English .

杰姆一直帮助我学英语。

(3)作动词tell,ask,like,want,beg,order等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。

如:The teacher asked me to call back to him.

老师让我回个电话给他。

综上所述,不管作什么句子成分,从表面上看,在非主语名词、代词 ( 宾格 ),形容词、副词、系动词后跟动词,动词之前要加to,以及两个动词连用,后一动词之前也要加to。这就是动词不定式最基本的用法。

温馨提醒:

1. 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.

如:Mother told metoo much junk food.

妈妈告诉我别吃太多垃圾食品。

2. 在“提建议”的why not之后跟不带to的不定式。即Why not do sth. 是Why don’t you do sth. 的省略。

如:go to the park?=Why don’t you go to the park?

为什么不去公园呢?

单项选择

1.He arrived at the offi ce early ______ a good example to the others.

A. set B. to set C. to be set D. having set

2.I’ve got too much work ______.

A. to do to come B. doing coming

C. to do comeing D. to do coming

3.We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere ______.

A. to fi nd B. to have found

C. to be found D. being found

4.Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.

A. watering B. to be watering

C. to water D. being watering

5.______ wine, fi rst you must press the grapes.

A. Making B. To make C. To be making D. Make

6.In fact, she was the fi rst woman ______to such a post.

A.to elect B. to be electing

C. to have elected D. to have been elected

7.I’d like ___over the Alps and looking down at the mountains.

A. fl ying B. being fl ying C. to be fl ying D. be fl ying

8. I’m learning ______ a cake. Can you explain ______ one?

A. to make, to make B. how to make, to make

C. to learn, how to make D. making, making

9.“Do you know the girl in red?”

“She seems _____ me at last month’s party. But I’m not sure.

A. to introduce to A. to introduce to B. to be introduced toA. to introduce to B. to be introduced to

C. being introduced to D. to have been introduced to

10.He made up his mind to devote his life _____ pollution _____happily.

A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living

C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, from living

【参考答案】

小议动词不定式用法第4篇

关键词：动词不定式；形式；方法

中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-7661（2012）01-167-01

动词不定式通常有以下几种形式：一般式：to do被动to be done.完成式：to have done.被动式：to have been done，进行式：to be doing，完成进行式：to have been doing。不定式在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、补语等成分。

一、作主语

不定式作主语时直接放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词用第三人称单数。To do more practice is right.但更常见的是用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于谓语之后。It is right to do more practice.

二、作表语

不定式作表语通常说明主语的内容。例如：All he wanted was to be left alone．

1、主语不定式与表语不定式呼应，例如：To see is to believe．2、主语是由动词转化或派生而来的名词，如果原动词要求接不定式，则表语也应当用不定式，例如：My wish／hope／idea／plan／purpose／intention is to buy a new car．3、主语为all或what从句，表语可用不定式，例如：All you must do is to water the flowers．4、系动词为含有“似乎”、“看来”或“碰巧”之意的动词，表语可用不定式，基本句型为：Sb+seem／appear／happen to do／to be adj.=It seems(ed)／appears(ed)／happens(ed)that.

三、作宾语

不定式作宾语时，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语。例如：He pretended not to see me when I passed．

1、只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词考生应牢记want, wish, hope, agree, afrord，choose，forget，manage, promise, expect等只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词。

2、一些形容词（包括形容词化的分词）后可接不定式这种不定式也可以叫做宾语。这样的形容词多是表示感情的，通常有：glad／sorry／sure／able／afraid／anxious／careful／content／determined／easer／foolish／free／inclined／likely／lucky／prepared／quick／ready／slow／willing．句中的不定式与句子主语可是主谓关系，例如：I am very glad to see you．句中的不定式与句子主语也可是动宾关系，例如：Volleyball is very interesting to watch.

3、ask／inform／tell／show／advise+间接宾语+直接宾语（疑问词十不定式）

4、think／consider／regard／believe／feel／make／find／suppose+it（形式宾语）+宾补+（for sb.）+不定式（真正主语）例如：Do you find it difficult to answer the question?

四、作补语

动词不定式作主语补足语时一律带to．①S+be+v-ed+to do。表示动作同时发生。②S+be+v-ed+to have done动词不定式作宾补表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了）这类动词包括“四看”：see，watch，notice，observe；“三使役”：let，make，have；“二听”：listen to，hear；“一感觉”：feel。

五、作定语

①它与其修饰的词可能是主谓关系，例如：The next train to arrive was from New York．②它与其修饰的词也可能是动宾关系，如果是不及物，则要用“不定式+相应的介词”的结构，这里的介词一般不可省去。例如：He is looking for a room to live in．当不定式若修饰的名词是time，place，way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。例如：He had no money and no place to live(in)．

六、作同位语

例如：He gave the order to star the attack．又如：He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up．

七、作状语

不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、原因、结果等。

例如：1、we have come to learn from you.（目的）

2、I'm glad to meet you.（原因）

3、He is too young to join the army.（结果）

不定式表示目的时，常可用in order to, so as to换用。

八、不带to的不定式

①在感官动词和使役动词后，不定式作宾补要省略to。②在would rather（would sooner,had rather，hadsooner）…than，rather than等结构的，than之后用省to的不定式。例如：I would rather go than stay；③在以why引导的疑问句中不带to，例如：Why not have a rest？④在cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but之后的不定式不带to, 例如:He cannot choose but keep silent. ⑤不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。例如：She could do nothing but cry. ⑥为了避免重复，有些不定式可省去。例如：I’m really puzzled what to think or say. ⑦不定式还可用在let fly（投射），make believe（假装）。

九、学习动词不式定需要注意哪些问题？

1、不定式的逻辑主语可以为分以下几种情况：

①与该句子的主语一致。例如：

I came here to attend an important conference.

②该句子的宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。例如：

The lady asked him to bring a cup of coffee for her.

③不定式的逻辑主语有介词of和for引出。例如：

It's very nice of you to lend me so much money.

2、不定式与介词。

介词后面一般不跟动词不定式作其宾语。例如：

不能说：I'll take a rest after to have supper.

应该说：I'll take a rest after（having）supper.

晚饭后，我将休息一下。

关于动词不定式的用法第5篇

2、动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。

如: to read a book、to sing at the party。

3、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

带to的不定式结构：

我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want、ask、 tell、hope、 learn、try、decide、forget、remember、like 、 love、 stop、go、come等。

不带to的不定式结构：

1、在固定词组had better之后。

注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth

例如：You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。

2、在let、make、see、 feel、 watch、 hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

例如：I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。

3、在引导疑问句的why not之后。

“Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。

例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢?

俄语动词不定式体的用法第6篇

动词不定式在句中常用作谓语的一个组成部分，但也可用作主语、补语、定语、状语等成分。例如：

Учиться-всегда пригодится.（动词不定式在句中作主语）

Мы хотели отдохнуть.（动词不定式在句中是动词合成谓语的一部分）Она согласилась остаться.（动词不定式在句中做补语）Я не имею случая его видеть.（动词不定式在句中作定语）Они пришли помочь тебе.（动词不定式在句中作状语）

动词不定式在句子中虽没有时间、式、人称、数等语法意义，但仍含有体的基本意义。试对比：

Сегодня мне надо переводить текст.-Сегодня мне надо перевести текст.Они могут встречаться каждый день.-Сегодня они могут встретиться в десять часов.动词不定式在与某些词连用时，或在一定语境中体的选用受下列规则的制约： 1.动词不定式与下列动词连用时，要用未完成体： 1）表示行为开始、继续、结束的动词，如：

Начинать-начать, стать, продолжать, кончать-кончить, переставать-перестать 等。例如： Мы отдохнули и стали заниматься.Он кончил рассказывать и ждал, что мы скажем.2）表示养成、具有或失去某种习惯、技能的动词，如： Учить(ся), научить(ся), уметь, привыкать-привыкнуть, отвыкать-отвыкнуть, бросать-бросить等。例如：

Мы привыкли обедать в 12 часов.Отец давно бросил курить.2.动词不定式与успеть, удаться, забыть等完成体动词连用时，一般要有完成体。例如： За час я успел перевести только половину текста.Она забыла спросить его об этом.与успевать, удаваться, забывать等未完成体动词连用时，动词不定式用未完成体或完成体均可。例如：

Мы всегда успеваем выполнять(выполнить)домашние задания.3.动词不定式与谓语词连用时，可以用未完成体和完成体，但在下列情况下要用未完成体： 1）当надо, нужно, можно, пора等谓语词在一定语境中表示应该（可以）马上进行某种行为时，要与未完成体动词不定式连用。例如： Уже восемь часов.Надо начинать заниматься.Уже поздно.Пора ложиться спать.2）当надо, нужно, можно, пора等谓语词用于否定句时，与其连用的动词不定式必须要用未完成体，表示“不必要、不应该”。试对比： Завтра мне нужно встать в пять часов.-Завтра мне не нужно так рано вставать.Фильм интересный.Стоит посмотреть.-Фильм неинтересный.Его не стоит смотреть.3）谓语词нельзя 有两个意义：

① 表示“不要、不该”时，与не надо, не нужно, не следует同义，这时与未完成体动词不定式连用。例如：

Нельзя входить в аудиторию во время экзаменов.考试时不要进教室。

② 表示“不可能”时，与невозможно同义，这时大多与完成体动词不定式连用。例如：

Нельзя войти в комнату: у меня нет ключа.进不去房间，因为我没有钥匙。

动词将来时体的用法

1.未完成体动词将来时可用来表示说话时刻以后主体将进行何行为，含有“打算”的意义。例如：

Вы будете завтра отдыхать?-Да, буду.(Нет, буду работать.)

未完成体动词将来时与не 连用时，可以表示拒绝进行某种行为。例如： Давай вернѐмся домой.Уже поздно.-Не будем возвращаться.У нас ещѐ есть время.2.完成体动词将来时可表示说话者对实现某种行为的信心或可能性的估计。例如： Это слово ты найдѐшь в словаре.Мы врага победим!--------твѐрдо сказал начальник.完成体动词将来时常与не 连用。可以表示不可能或无法实现某种行为。例如： Вы договорились о встрече?

动词不定式用法梳理解读第7篇

I.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的意义分类

表达意义的类别情态

动词具体意义例句

推测

may

/might

当时有可能 Tom hasn’t come back yet. He may have missed the bus again.

Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening.

can

/could

当时可能 She can have failed again.

Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me.

My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended you lecture.

should

/ought to

当时比较可能 He set out early in the morning, so he should have arrived home by now.

They started at nine o’clock this morning. They oughtn’t to have arrived there by now.

will

/would

当时很可能 You will have heard the news, I’m sure.

The police would have gone through every room last night.

His brother would not have been elected as president.

must

当时肯定 I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they?

The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he?

They must have been very tired yesterday, weren’t they

需要 must 必须曾经 Any candidate for the job must have practiced for no less that three years.

情感(近似虚拟语气用法)

责备

不满

遗憾

might

mightn’t 本来可以/可能而实际没有;本来/可能可以不而实际做了 You might have been more careful

He might not have bothered her.

You are lucky enough. You might have been killed like that.

could 本来能够而实际没有 You could have come earlier.

---I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down.

---you could have borrowed mine. I wasn’t using it.

should

shouldn’t

ought to /ought not to 本来应该而实际没有;本来不应该而实际做了 We should/ought to have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.

They shouldn’t/ought not to have let you out of hospital so soon; otherwise, you would feel better.

needn’t 本来不必而实际做了 There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried.

We needn’t have watered the flowers for it is going to rain.

赞叹

惊奇

怀疑

should 当时居然 It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years. (赞叹)

I can’t think why he should have said that; it wasn’t my fault. (惊奇)

To think that should have happened to me! (吃惊)

It is a pity that he should fail in such exam.

can

/can’t

could

/couldn’t 当时可能/不可能

当时居然 Can she really have behaved so badly? (惊奇、怀疑)

Tony can’t have done that, he hasn’t the strength.(怀疑)

I’m surprised that he could/should have left without telling a word.(吃惊、不满)

申辩 would 本来应该、愿意、打算 Oh, what a pity. I would have been so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you but I’ve left them at the table at home.

I would have come to help you with your work yesterday, only I was rather busy.

I would have visited you but it rained yesterday.

虚拟(与过去事实相反) might 可能当时 Had he come earlier, he might not have missed the train.

If I were you, I might have bought that car.

could 当时能够、可能 Had you attended the meeting last night, you could have met her.

If she hadn’t learned English hard, she could not have passed the examination.

should 当时可能、应该、愿意 If I had met you yesterday, I should have told you about it.

If he were wise, he should have come to see me.

I should have joined you yesterday evening, only I have been rather busy.

would 当时很可能、愿意 If he had caught the first bus this morning, he would not have been late for class.

He would have come and worked together with us, but he was not here yesterday.

I ought to have done so sooner，it would have saved me numerous misfortune.

II.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的分类练习

can/could

1. Some women _____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made

2.It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _____ you when you called.

A. can’t have seen B. should not have seen C. must not have seen D. need not have seen

3. Bob_____ to Norfolk yet. He knows nothing about the place at all.

A. can’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. shouldn’t have been D. needn’t have been

4. ---I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.

---I believe not. He ____ so careless.

A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been

5. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _______ your lecture.

A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

6. ---Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?

---No, We ______, but we decided not.

A. should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone

7. The room is in a terrible mess; it ________ cleaned.

A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been C. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

8. ---We didn’t see him on the exhibition yesterday.

---He ______ it.

A. mustn’t visit B. can’t have visited C. should have gone to see D. may see

9. Mary ______ may letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. should have received B. has received C. couldn’t have received D. ought to have received

10. I _______ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.

A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come

11. Under more favourable conditions, we ______ better.

A. need have done B. should do C. could have done D. might be doing

must

1. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. (,北京，春招)

A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D .must have been dropped

2.We’ve been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane ________ behind the timetable.

A. must be B. will be C. would have been D. must have been

3. John’s sore in the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last nigh.

A. should study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. must have to study

4. Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _______ in her classroom.

A. should have been B. must have been C. must be D. should be

5. Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn’t. He _______ his mind.

A. can’t have changed B. wouldn’t have changed

C. must have changed D. shouldn’t have changed

6. The road was muddy. It _____ last night.

A. must rained B. must have rained C. must be rained D. could have rained

7. He must have finished his homework, _____he?

A. mustn’t B. must C. needn’t D. hasn’t

8. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _______he?

A. didn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hasn’t

should

1.We _____ for her because she never came.

A. needn’t wait B. mustn’t have waited C. shouldn’t have waited D. can’t have waited

2. I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you ____ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.

A. must have done B. might have done C. could have done D. should have done

3. ---We expected you yesterday.

---I’m sorry, I ______ you to say that I couldn’t be here until today.

A. must have called B. would be calling C. could have been calling D. should have called

4. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

5.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat

6.Mr. White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.

A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

7. With all the work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night.

A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t have gone C. could not go D. couldn’t have gone

8. Eve was late for class again. She _______ earlier.

A. should get up B. must get up C. need to get up D. should have got up

9. I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I _____ .

A. had B. would do C. should have D. might have

10.--- They have not finished the work up to now.

--- Well, they ______.

A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have

11. Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he ______ Tom to go with him.

A. might have asked B. should asked C. must have asked D. should have asked

may/might

1. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _____ during the day.

A. should have done B. would have done C. must have done D. may have done

2. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _______ from South America on rafts.

A. must have sailed B can sail C. might have sailed D. should have sailed

3. It was really very dangerous; you _______ him seriously.

A. might have injured B. could injure C. should have injured D. must injure

4. --- Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?

--- She ______ again in the morning.

A. shouldn’t have overslept B. may have turned off the alarm clock

C. must have no one to call her D. should have someone to wake her up

ought to

1.You _____ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.

A. ought to come B. may have come C. ought to have come D. could come

2. We ______ the letter yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.

A. must receive B. ought to receive C. must have received D. ought to have received

3. When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I ____ there earlier.

A. ought to get B. ought to have got C. must have got D. must get

4. He didn’t do well in the exam. He _______ hard at his lessons.

A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has worked

5. --- Mr. Young, everything is ready for the meeting.

--- I’m sorry. I ______ to tell you the meeting had been put off.

A. should phone. B. ought to have phoned C. need to phone D. should have been phoned

needn’t

1. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.

A. needn’t dress up B. didn’t have to dress up

C. might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up

2.It was very kind of you to do the washingup, but you ____ it.

A. mustn’t have done B. wouldn’t have done C. mightn’t have done D. needn’t have done

3. You ______ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.

A. needn’t have washed B, shouldn’t have washed

C must not have washed D. can not have washed

4. You _______ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.

A. needn’t go B. had better not go C. should not go D. needn’t have gone

would

1. Oh, what a pity. It ______ so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you, but I’ve left them at the table at home.

A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. was

2. I ________ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.

A. would have liked to give B. liked to give C. have liked to give D. would like to give

3. ---Why didn’t come to my party? I was so disappointed at your absence.

--- I’m very sorry. I ______ but I had a visitor at the last minute.

A. would like have B. would like to C. would like to have D. would like

4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

5. ---Your sister nearly ______all her spare time to her course during the three years.

---That’s right, or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.

A. spent; wouldn’t take B. devoted; wouldn’t have taken

C. hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take

II.情态动词意义分类

可能推测需要职责请求许可

许诺意图打算意愿决心能力才能习惯倾向功用(拟人)

辩解

注定

胆敢

can

could √

will

would √

shall

should √

ought to √√

have (got) to

must √

need

dare

used to

be to

1. shall 的用法。 shall 用作情态动词，主要用于疑问句中征求对方意见，意为“要不要”、“。。。好吗”：

Shall I get a chair for you?

What shall we do this evening?

2. should 的用法。 should 作为情态动词，主要表示“应该”：

You should study hard.

We should help him.

You should ask her first.

(1)有时表示“应该”，其实是一种推测，语气比 may, might 等表推测时要强：

The book should be interesting.

(2)有时用于第一人称的疑问句形式表示征求意见，与 shall 用法相似：

Should I open the window?

What should we do now?

(3)若用于谈论过去的情况，应用“should+have+过去分词”结构：

The train should have already left.

You should have told us earlier.

(4) 用于 should like / should love 可视为习语，意为“想要”，其后接名词、代词或不定式：

I should like you to stay here.

I should love to ask you a question.

Anthony

1 should的其他用法

A 当说话人对某种设想是否合理或正当提出疑问时，可把

should用于 can’ t think why/don’t know why/see no reason why：等后面：

I don’t know why you should think that I did it.

我真不知道你凭什么竟会认为这件事是我干的。

I see no reason why you should interfere in their quarrel.

我不明白你有什么理由竟然会介入他们的争吵。

当这种设想与过去的事情有关时则用完成式：

I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault.

我真不明白他怎么能说这是我的过错。

B 作为一种惯用表达法，should与 what，where，who连用以形象生动地表达惊奇的感情：

What should I find but an enormous spider!

怎么也想不到我看见的竟是一只巨大的蜘蛛!

这种惊奇经常掺杂着令人为难的因素：

Who should come in but his first wife!

怎么也想不到进来的竟是他的前妻!

C should用在 lest后面，有时也用在 in case后面：

1 在书面语中，lest…should结构有时放在表示惧怕或担心的词后面：

He was terrified lest he should slip on the icy rocks.

他害怕在结冰的石块上滑倒。

对过去的动作表示担心时用should+完成式：

She began to be worried lest he should have met with some accident.

她开始担心他出了什么事。

2 lest也可用于目的从句，表示 for fear that(惟恐)：

He dared not spend the money lest someone should ask where he had got it.

他不敢花这笔钱，怕有人问他钱是从哪儿来的。

如上所示这是一种书面形式。

在这种情况下 in case较 lest更常用，后面可跟 should或一般现在时或一般过去时：

in case someone should ask/someone asked

惟恐万一有人问起(另参见第227节与第337节。)

D should 有时用于目的从句以代替 would/could：

He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him.

他戴了一个面罩，好让别人认不出他来。(参见第336节。)

E 在条件句中用should代替现在时态：

If the pain should return take another of these pills.

疼痛复发时，可再吃一片这些药。(参见第224节。)

F should 还用于颇为正式的间接命令，这种命令不一定是向对方直接发出的：

He ordered that Tom should leave the house.

他下命令叫汤姆离开这所房子。(参见第321节B。)

与下面一句比较一下：

He ordered Tom to leave.

他命令汤姆离开。(他亲自告诉汤姆。)

2 can 的用法大搜索

情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:

1. 表示“能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的“能力”。例如:

I can speak English. 我会讲英语。

Jim can swim but I can’t. 吉姆会游泳,但我不会。

2. 表示“可能”,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如:

Han Mei can’t be in the classroom. 韩梅不可能在教室里。

Can he come here today, please? 请问他今天能到这里来吗?

3. 表示“可以”,常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如:

Can I have a cup of tea, please? 请问我可以喝一杯茶吗?

You can go out. 你可以出去了?

补给站:

①can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。

②can’t在口语中代替mustn’t时,表示禁止或不准。例如:

You can’t play football in the street. 不准在马路上踢足球。

③情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时,可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如：

Could you help me with my English? 你能帮助我学习英语吗?

情态动词can的基本句型

1. 肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如:

They can play basketball. 他们能打篮球。

She can dance. 她会跳舞。

You can go to watch TV. 你可以去看电视了。

2. 否定句型为:主语+can not(can’t/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示“某人不能(不会、不可能)做……”。其中can’t是can not的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。例如:

You cannot pass the ball like this. 你不能像这样传球。

I can’t ride a motorbike. 我不会骑摩托车。

3. 疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型

一般疑问句句型为:

Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示“某人会(能、可以)做……吗?”,用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用“Yes, 主语+can.”作答;否定答语用“No, 主语+can’t.”作答。注意答语中作主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如:

①-Can you sing an English song for us? 你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗?

-Yes. 行。(注意在Yes后面常省略I can)

②-Can I skate? 我可以滑冰吗?

-Yes, you can. 可以。

③-Can she climb hills? 她能爬山吗?

-No, she can’t. 不,她不能。

特殊疑问句句型为:

a. Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如:

-Who can sing in English in your class? 你们班上谁会用英语唱歌?

-Lily can. 莉莉会。

b. 特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many, how much等。例如:

-How many boats can you see in the river? 你能看见河中有多少只船吗?

-Only one boat. 仅有一只。

c. 特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what, where, when等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:

-What can you see in the picture? 你能在图画中看到什么?

-I can see some birds and two big trees in it. 我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。

英语《动词不定式》用法浅析第8篇

动词不定式是历年考试时必考的一个语法项目。选择填空题肯定出现, 短文改错题也时而考到;之所以实用, 是在每年的短文写作中考生肯定能够用上。若用得好用得巧, 能为短文增色, 会得高分的。

二、概念

1. 定义:不定式是一种非谓语动词, 由“to+动词原形”构成 (使用时有时不带to) ,

2. 特征:不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征, 同时又保持了动词的某些特征,

3. 功用:在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。

三、用法

1. 难点:

a——带或不带to的问题。

1) 下列动词直接跟带to的不定式作宾语:

afford;aim;agree;appear;arrange;ask;attempt;bear;begin;beg;bother;

care;cease;choose;claim;contrive;consent;decide;decline;demand;

design;desire;determine;destine;dread;enable;endeavor;expect;fail;

forget;happen;hate;hesitate;hope;incline;intend;learn;like;loathe;long

love;manage;mean;need;neglect;offer;omit;plan;prefer;prepare;pretend;

profess;promise;propose;refuse;regret;scorn;seek;start;swear;try;

undertake;volunteer;vow;want;wish等

2) 下列动词可以接疑问代词who, whom, what, which, (四w) 疑问副词when, where, why, whether, (四w) (一h) how+to do作宾语:

动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, findout, forget,

guess, imagine, know, learn, observe, remember, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时, 谓语动词用单数。

3) believe, consider, feel, find, judge, make, think等动词后的宾语如果是不定式, 补语是形容词或名词时, 常用it作先行宾语, 把不定式后置

4) 下列短语后接不带to的不定式:can’t but (不能不) , can’t help but;

can do nothing but;can’t choose but;Hadbetter;would rather;

might (may) as well;另外, 在but;expect;save;等之前用了do, 其后的不定式一般不带to;若用了别的动词, 其后的不定式一般加to。

5) 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词和动词短语

1) 可以接不定式作宾语补足语 (即“动词+宾语+不定式”结构) 的动词很多。下列为常见的接带to的不定式作补足语的动词:

advise;allow;announce;ask;assist;authorize;bear;beg;bride;cause;

command;compel;condemn;deserve;direct;drive;enable;encourage;

entitle;entreat;exhort;forbid;force;get;hate;help;implore;induce;inspire;

instruct;intend;invite;lead;leave;like;mean;need;oblige;order;permit;pray;

prefer;press;promp;pronounce;recommend;remind;report;request;require;

show (how) summon;teach;tell;tempt;train;urge;want;warn;wish;等

2) feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at等动词用于“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中作宾语补足语时, 必须省略不定式符号to。但在不定式作help的宾语补足语时, 不定式的to可以省略, 也可以不省略。当这些动词用于被动语态时, 后面的不定式就成了主语补足语。要注意的是, 作主语补足语时不定式符号to不能省略b———时态, 语态。

3. 功能:

1) 作主语:不定式或不定式短语结构作主语时, 常用it作形式主语放在句首, 而把不定式结构后置。

it作形式主语的常用句型有

It is+n.+ (for sb.) +to do sth.

It is+adj.+ (for sb.) +to do sth.

It is+adj.+ (of sb.) +to do sth.

说明:如果句中的形容词是:bright, careless, cruel, clever, foolish, impolite,

kind, nice, stupid, silly, wise, wrong, 等常用It is+adj.+ (of sb.) +to

do sth.如果句中是其他形容词时常用It is+adj.+ (forsb.) +to do sth.

2) 作表语:不定式可放在be动词后面, 形成表语。

3) 作宾语:有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语 (即宾语+宾语补足语) 。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语, 则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上, 而将不定式短语 (真正的宾语) 放在宾语补足语之前。

Eg.I find it useful to learn Eng-lish well.