大学英语范文范文

大学英语范文范文（精选6篇）

大学英语范文 第1篇

大学英语演讲稿:面对压力

来源: 听力课堂

作者:sunjianfei 更新日期：2010-12-28 浏览:

647次

Good morning , boys and girls.I am Youshuai and glad to give you a speech about stress.Psychologist tell us that stress is a state of worry caused by the problem of living , such as too much work or study , heavy responsibilities.Statistics show that stress comes from every detail in our life.Financial problems , poor health , being laid off may be the stress that most adults now are suffering.As students in the university , we are also under our special stress.While study , having to take various tests and submit a project against a deadline may put a great pressure on us.And the things that make us felt stressed may be our parents’s greater expectations on us than we could reach.Later , when we are likely to graduate , some other problems will also annoy us.I think we will worry a lot about our ability to compete in the job market and how we can best use what we’ve learned at college in our future job.The chief problem we should face to is our attitude towards stress.People usually say they can not live in the sun except they escape from stress.It’s unwelcome!Yes , however , very necessary.Just image a world where stress does not exist and people lead their life in a very comfortable way.But is this kind of living condition as perfect as we hope ? Without stress , they may feel very satisfied with the current life but lack of power to discover new things.Too much satisfaction result in nothing except a countermarch of the society.No stress , no development.So a certain amount of stress is good.It can stimulate us and increase our level of alertness.And our answer to stress is another vital problem.How to do with ourselves when stress suddenly break into our life ? To wave the white flag and admit our unability , to give up to our ideality , or worsely , just to suicide as to put an end to everything … Of cause not.The principle is to tackle with stress gently and harmoniously.We should try our best to release ourselves.Such as to do some exercise , to listen to t music to ease our minds and to learn to view these changes of life as challenges.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.Only to accept what has happened can solve the problem.Ok , I think I was under large stress ５ minutes before , but now I am here and have finished my speech.Here is the last thing I want to add to my topic ,face to it and overcome it ,stress is also a piece of cake.That is all.Thank you very much!

早上好,男孩和女孩。我Youshuai和高兴给你一个演讲关于应力。

心理学家告诉我们,压力是一种状态的担心造成的生活问题,如过度工作或学习,沉重的责任。统计数据显示,压力来自我们生活中每一个细节。金融问题,健康状况不佳,被解雇可能是压力,大多数成年人现在是痛苦的。作为学生在大学,我们也在我们的特别的压力。而学习,不得不采取各种测试和提交一个项目与一个最后期限可能把一个大的压力我们。的事情让我们感到压力可能是我们的父母对我们的期望更高比我们可以达到。后来,当我们有可能毕业,其他的问题也会骚扰我们。我想我们会担心很多关于我们的竞争能力在就业市场和我们如何才能最好的利用在大学我们学到了什么在我们的未来的工作。

我们应该面对的主要问题,是我们的态度应力。人们通常说他们不能生活在太阳除了他们逃避压力。这是不受欢迎的!是的,但是,非常必要。只是图像世界,压力不存在,人们生活在一个非常带领他们舒适的方式。但是这种生活条件完美我们希望?没有压力,他们可能会觉得很满意现在的生活,但缺乏动力去发现新事物。太多的满意度导致除了一个后退的社会。没有压力,没有发展。所以一定的压力是好事。它可以刺激我们,提高我们的警觉水平。

和我们的答案是另一个重要问题,压力如何去做与自己当压力突然闯入我们的生活吗?挥白旗投降,承认我们的unability,放弃我们的理想,或worsely,只是为了自杀结束一切…当然不是。这个原则是处理压力和和谐地轻轻。我们应该尽力释放自己。比如做一些运动,听音乐来缓解我们的头脑t和学会查看这些更改为生命的挑战。它是无用的。只有接受发生了什么事可以解决这个问题。

好吧,我想我是在大型压力5分钟之前,但现在我在这里,我的演讲完毕。这是我最不愿意加入我的话题,面对它,克服它,压力也是小菜一碟。这是所有。非常感谢你!

大学英语范文 第2篇

1.He was_______ finding fault with our work.A.consequently

B.continuously

C.consistently

D.constantly 2.The company has ______ over the years into a multi-million dollar organization.A.involved

B.resolved

C.evolved

D.revolved 3.Mr.Selby is seriously ill and has been transferred to ______ care.A.intensive

B.tense

C.extensive

D.severe 4.Lower taxes would _______ investment and help economic growth.A.plug

B.spur

C.undertake

D.register 5.A year abroad has _____ her from a shy girl into an outgoing person.A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transmitted

D.transported DCABB

6.Many people went to _____ their studies abroad in those days.A.pursue

B.hunt

C.chase

D.expand 7.Twelve people ______ the jury in a law court to listen to the facts about a crime and to decide whether the person accused is guilty.A.consist

B.constitute

C.compose

D.contain 8.In the future, bacteria will be beneficial ____ cancer patients and could even feed on dirt.B.for

C.to

D.at 9.Both Latin and mathematics are ______ that require an analytical approach.A.programs

B.disciplines

C.projects

D.theories 10.Writing is a slow process, requiring ____ thought, time, and effort.A.significant

B.considerable

C.numerous

D.enormous ABCBB

11.All the______ things in life are either illegal, expensive or fattening.A.popular

B.proper

C.desirable

D.worthy 12.All sorts of lamps are ______ in that shop.A.available

B.advisable

C.applicable

D.accessible 13.Scientists are trying to find more efficient ways of _____solar energy.A.consuming

B.resorting

C.utilizing

D.approaching 14.It has been conclusively _______ that smoking causes many diseases.A.resolved

B.admitted

C.established

D.approved 15.I would like to propose the adoption of a new ______ to the problem.A.approach

B.manner

C.method

D.mode CACCA

16.Libraries only keep at best______ issues that are less than 3 years old.A.over

B.past

C.out

D.back 17._______ allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.A.rather than to

B.rather than

C.other than to

D.other than 18.In many sports, physical fitness is not as important as ______.A.technology

B.method

C.procedure

D.technique 19.The solar cell can_____ the energy of sunlight into electric energy.A.alter

B.convert

C.vary

D.modify 20.The country girl was not used to their lavish _____ of living in the city.A.mode

B.means

C.type

D.form DBDBA 21.You should be thankful that you have escaped with only ____ injuries.A.small

B.minor

C.junior

D.major 22.Fujian Province is the _____ and major production region of jasmine tea.A.initial

B.novel

C.true

D.original 23.The car salesman took the customer for a drive in the new model in order to ____ its improved features.A.advertise

B.demonstrate

C.exhibit

D.reveal 24.His improved performance does ____ to his trainer.A.honor

B.recognition

C.debt

D.credit 25.At commencement, _____ degrees are officially given.A.academic

B.intellectual

C.scholarly

D.educational BDBDA

26.Giving advice at the right time has to _ ___ a great deal of intelligence.A.contain

B.include

C.require

D.involve 27.I have kept a reserve _____ in case of accidents.A.finance

B.fund

C.account

D.stock 28.Adolescence is the period of ______ between childhood and adulthood.A.switch

B.passage

C.transition

D.transfer 29.As the wage of the job was low, there were few ______ for it.A.applicants

B.candidates

C.assistants

D.consultants

30.But maintaining any relationship requires ______ and candor（坦诚）.A.commitment

B.assurance

C.promise

D.duty DBCAA

31.They fought against ______ in order to create a fairer society.A.right

B.privilege

C.advantage

D.license 32.We should not only know the theory but also how to ____ it to practice.A.use

B.apply

C.operate

D.put 33.Factory and city is more ______ organism than self-sufficient village.A.confused

B.involved

C.complex

D.mixed 34.There is no _____ to the identity of the thief.A.clue

B.sign

C.evidence

D.hint 35.The proverb tells us to _____ the industry of the ant.A.follow

B.copy

C.emulate

D.imitate BBCAC

36.Many teachers _____ to that periodical.A.purchase

B.supplement

C.pursue

D.subscribe 37.The clothes a person wears may express his ____ or social position.A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance 38.I think we need to see an investment ___ before we make an expensive mistake.A.guide

B.cashier

C.consultant

D.assessor

39.The shipping company, starting with nothing in 1952, has ___ into a leading enterprise in the shipping industry.A.bloomed

B.involved

C.converted D.launched 40.She ____ her regular salary by tutoring in the evenings.A.subtracts

B.sustains

C.supplies

D.supplements DBCAD

41.I’m a foreigner here;must I register myself ____ the police? A.for

B.at

C.to

D.with 42.Ruth has gone back to California ______.She will not return to the East.A.for good

B.for long

C.before long

D.ever since 43.The atmosphere______ of more than 70% of nitrogen.A.composes

B.contains

C.constitutes

D.consists 44.I want to know how to secure a loan to _____ a car.A.select

B.lease

C.retain

D.purchase 45.A(n)____ person is one who has good powers of thinking.A.humorous

B.moral

C.intellectual

D.theoretical DADDC

46.Since they were not strong enough to fight against the enemies who occupied this town, the local people adopted ____ resistance by giving no cooperation or service to the enemies.A.passive

B.violent

C.progressive

D.massive 47.Most living creatures now on the earth are the product of 2,000,000,000 years of ______.A.development

B.evolution

C.revolution

D.repetition 48.We can’t judge a person simply on the ____ of his education.A.condition

B.basis

C.principle

D.base 49.In recent years there has been a ____ increase in the cost of living.A.powerful

B.wide

C.significant

D.magnificent 50.Generally, the larger the _____, the more stable the object.A.basis

B.basin

C.base

D.basement

大学英语范文 第3篇

1.不少大学生的生活方式消极,不上课、不运动、不出去社交,而是宅在家里或宿舍,导致知识水平下降的同时身体素质也在下降。

2.你对此有什么看法和建议?

[解题思路]

文章应开门见山,指出大学生的不良生活方式,简单提及其危害。第二段分析导致生活方式消极的原因:生物钟颠倒,沉迷于网络游戏,饮食习惯不规律以及各种竞争的压力。同时分别给大学、父母和大学生给出建议。

[范文]

In recent years,many university students would like to stay at home or dormitory rather thanto attend compulsory courses,take exercises or join in social activities.This kind of unhealthy lifestyle will do harm to their physical conditions to some extend,and reduce their scope of knowledge.

Unhealthy lifestyles of university students are caused by their reversed biological clock,addic-tion to computer games,irregular dietary structure,all kinds of competition pressures,and so on.To improve this way of life,joined efforts are needed.As to universities,they should hold the idea"health comes first"and educate students to conscientiously observe the rules of discipline and study hard.Parents should cooperate with universities by creating comfortable atmosphere at home.Most importantly,university students themselves should form good habits and healthy interests,take extracurricular activities positively and do exercises regularly.

(二) Character Education

1.学校教育除了培养学生的学习能力之外,还应注重诸如孝顺、诚实等的品德培养;

2.品德培养的重要性。

[解题思路]

本题谈论的是学校教育,说明了只注重培养学生的学习、思考能力,很难建成和谐的社会,由此引出需要加强道德教育。第二段要从几个方面说明品德教育的重要性:满足学生全面发展的需要;防止学生变得自私、自利、自负、没有礼貌等等;教导学生对自己和祖国的将来负责。

[范文]

Normally school education aims to cultivate students'abilities to learn and think.But moreand more people realize that without the cultivation of moral norms and ethics,we can hardly expect a society to be nice enough for leading a harmonious life.As a result,schools should attach more attention to develop students'character education,such as qualities of honesty and filial piety.

Character education plays an important role in the development of future society.It meets theneed of emphasizing and developing the students'all-round qualities.In the long run,it protects students from being selfish,indifferent,conceited as well as impolite in their daily lives.What's more,it teaches students how to learn efficiently,how to live colourfully,how to do things seriously,for their own future,and also for the future of their motherland.

(三) Does Knowledge Change Fate?

1.“知识改变命运”曾是无数寒门子弟奋斗的动力所在,可如今现实却是:不仅知识难以改变命运,穷孩子能接触到知识的机会也在减少。

2.你对此有什么看法,且应采取什么措施阻止这种现象?

[解题思路]

文章由习语“知识改变命运”引出话题,指出当今社会现实——知识无法改变命运。文章第二段分析该现象的危害:加剧穷富差距和不公平;导致“潜在的”人才流失;不利于建设和谐社会。最后一段分别给政府、学校提出建议,采取措施改变这种状况。

[范文]

Large number of children from poor families once held the belief"Knowledge can changefate"and thought that hardworking could reward them——As one sows,so will one reap.But now the true fact is that not only knowledge can't change fate,but also the chances for poor ones to gain knowledge have decreased.

This phenomenon brings more harm than good to society.First,it makes the rich-poor divideever widening,and sense of injustice ever deepening.Second,it may let many real potential genius go away.Third,it runs against the repeated call for building a people-oriented,harmonious society.

Therefore it needs to take urgent measures.On the part of government,it should increase itsinvestments on education and urge all universities and colleges to make preferential policies for enrolling poor students.As to colleges and universities,they should establish completed systems for scholarship and fellowship in order to assist poor students.

(四) Indirect Employment

1.工作难找,大学生流行“曲线就业”,通过实习或做一些杂活积累社会经验。

2.你对此有什么看法?

[解题思路]

文章第一段应指出大学生就业形势严峻,随之出现“曲线就业”。文章第二段开门见山,说明自己的观点——赞成这种做法,然后一一列出了好处:第一,缓解就业压力,获取新的知识和实践经验;第二,有利于大学生认识自己兴趣所在;第三,锻炼学生的社会技能和个性。

[范文]

Confronting the more and more severe employment situation,university graduates have triedindirect employment for finding ways out.Instead of getting good jobs,they try to gain social experience by doing internships or taking in some social activities.

I am completely in favor of taking indirect employment.Firstly,it can not only relieve em-ployment pressure,but also let students gain new knowledge and practical experience which can't be gotten from books.Secondly,it benefits students a lot since it helps them to realize clearly what their real potentials are,and in which kind of jobs they really show interests.Last but not the least,it improves university students'social skills,qualifications and personal qualities,which are the main factors for their future jobs.

(五) Who Should Pay the University's Tuition?

1.大学学费不断上涨,有人认为大学学费应由学生自己赚取,有人认为应由父母供给。

2.作为大学生,谈谈你自己的观点,并给出理由。

[解题思路]

文章第一段就应指出关于谁支付大学学费的不同意见。第二段说明自己的观点——希望父母和孩子共同承担学费,这样有助于减轻家庭负担,学生也有机会通过社会实践获取更多社会经验。

[范文]

University education plays an important role in a person's career since it offers people moreopportunities.With the rising of university's tuition,hot discussions have arisen about who should pay the university's tuition.Some say students should pay fees by themselves as they pay for their own life.Some think that tuition fees should be paid by their parents because that amount of money is beyond students'ability.

大学英语范文 第4篇

关键词：样例；不完整范文；完整范文；英语写作

[中图分类号]H319.3

[文献标识码]A

[文章编号]1006-2831（2013）08-0004-5 doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-2831.2013.03.001

1 . 引言

样例（worked example）指呈现具体解题步骤、提供问题解决方法的例题。样例学习（worked example learning）是指学生在已有知识的基础上，通过阅读和思考，从例题中归纳出隐含的抽象知识，来解决问题的学习。有效的样例教学既能促进学生对新知识的理解和应用，又能促进学生独立思考和自主学习能力的提高。因此，样例学习受到认知和教育心理学家的高度重视（邢强等，2003）。近年来，随着样例学习有效性得到普遍证实，主要研究已从探讨样例学习的加工机制转移到样例设计和样例学习者个体因素。

在有关完整样例与非完整样例的学习效果上，研究者们得出了不同的结论。P a a s（1992）的研究结果是不完整样例和完整样例学习效果无显著差异。Renkl等（2002，2003）和邢强、莫雷（2003）的实验结果是不完整样例的学习效果好于完整样例的学习效果。王瑶、张奇（2012）将有关样例的研究范式推广到范文学习和写作实验研究中。他们在一篇完整范文基础上设计8篇删除不同部分的不完整范文，10组被试分别不阅读或阅读不同类型的范文，然后进行写作测试。他们发现阅读完整范文和不完整范文均有利于提高学生记叙文写作成绩，但对纠错无显著作用，而且阅读完整范文和不完整范文各实验组之间无明显差异。王初明（2012）不仅从实证上表明，而且从理论上也论证了读后续写的促学优势。

王瑶、张奇（2012）的研究仅是对比了一次阅读完整范文和非完整范文的学习效果，没有将不完整范文的阅读和补写应用到教学实践中。王初明（2012）提出的读后续写实际上是让被试补写不完整范文的结尾，也没有比较完整范文与不完整范文的长期学习效果。

尽管范文阅读正重回大学英语写作课堂，但是，所采用的范文都是完整范文。在英语作文学习中，究竟阅读完整的还是不完整的范文更能够提高大学生写作成绩呢？为此，本文拟通过一项教学实验研究探讨非完整范文的长期学习效应。

2 . 实验研究

2 . 1 研究问题

本研究力图回答下列问题：不完整范文学习是否比完整范文学习更能提高大学生英语作文成绩？

2 . 2 研究被试

参加本教学实验的被试为湖北某重点高校2010级机械专业和能源专业的学生。这两个班无论是英语高考成绩还是入校时分级考试成绩均不存在显著性差异，基本情况相同。机械班（54人）为实验组，能源班（51人）为控制组。英语写作是他们的必修课。

2 . 3 实验设计

本研究是对英语写作教学中不完整范文阅读和补写效果进行的实验。实验前和实验后两个组的学生分别在40分钟内写一篇250字左右的课堂作文，题目同为“Influence of the Internet”。实验后，对实验组的学生进行问卷调查，并对部分学生进行访谈。

2 . 4 实验材料

所有范文选自L a n g a n（2007）编著的College Writing Skills with Reading，均是典型的五段式作文，是“美国大学写作课上普遍向学生推荐的一种写法”（蔡基刚，2003）。五段式作文的第一段是引言，主要是引出文章主题，并在段尾写出文章的中心思想句（thesis statement）。第二、三、四段为中间段落，是文章的正文部分，围绕中心思想句展开，依次进行论证。每一段以段落主题句开头，支撑句对主题句进行说明。支持论点之间运用衔接手段进行连接。第五段为结尾部分，对全文进行归纳和总结。这种模式作文的特点是观点阐述充分，结构严谨合理，段落层次分明，语言变化生动（蔡基刚，2003）。

不完整范文是在完整范文的基础上，删除其中的不同部分所形成的。它们是：（1）补充中心思想句式；（2）补充主题句式；（3）补充衔接手段式；（4）补充分论点的细节式；（5）补充开头段式；（6）补充中间段式（仅一段）；（7）补充结尾段式。为了不破坏范文的完整性，并给学生提供足够的语境，每篇不完整范文只删除七式中的一式。如在补充中心思想句式中，只缺中心思想句，其余部分都保留。

2 . 5 实验程序

本实验在二年级下学期的写作课上进行，共16周、32学时。笔者担任两个组的写作教学工作，教学方法、课堂活动基本相同。

写作课按以下方式组织。控制组：课堂写作知识讲解+作文练习。第一节课，教师讲解写作知识后，由学生分析范文，如文章主题、结构、段落及句子衔接、闪光词句等，教师补充总结。第二节课，教师就一写作任务组织学生讨论，拟定提纲，并提供相应的语言表达，有时学生当堂完成，有时课后完成，共需完成5篇作文。课后学生参照详细的作文评估清单互评初稿，并进行反思，完成第二稿后上交作业。第三节课，教师推荐学生中的两篇好作文，由学生点评其中的优缺点，主要是优点，最后教师补充。实验组：课堂写作知识讲解+范文补写+作文练习。实验组教学与控制组基本相似，只是在学生分组讲评范文前，先根据教学要求对不完整范文分别进行上述7种方式的补写，每种补写训练两次。开始是句子，然后过渡到句群和段落。教师利用投影向学生展示好的补写作业，组织学生点评，最后回读原文，并进行比较。为保证两组的写作练习相当，实验组的学生只需完成4篇作文。

2 . 6 作文评分

本文借鉴雅各布分析量表（Jacobs et al.，1981）和英语专业四级作文评估法，从思想内容、组织结构、词汇使用和写作准确性四个方面对作文进行分项评分。

思想内容分项的满分为40分，主要考查观点是否清晰，例证是否充分，题材是否有意义，见解是否独创。组织结构分项的满分为20分，主要考查作文结构是否完整，条理是否清晰，层次是否清楚，过渡是否自然流畅。

本文采用量化方法描述被试的词汇运用能力。Wolfe-Quintero等人（1998）综述了大量研究文献后发现，词汇复杂性（即高级词汇与全部词汇数量的比率）与二语的写作水平关系最为密切。本研究通过统计软件Range32及其词表来划分不同词频等级，将单词按使用频率由高到低分为3个等级：1级词汇（Baseword list 1）、2级词汇（Baseword list 2）、3级词汇（Baseword list 3以及3个词表以外的单词）。2级和3级词汇，也就是非一级词汇使用比例越高，说明使用者对高频词的依赖性越低，使用复杂词汇能力越强。本研究采用这一指标（文本中的地名、人名等专有名词和拼写错误的词已被排除，因为它们不能体现文本的词汇水平）。

二语写作准确性测量通常有三种：整体性测量、无错误T单位总数和错误总数，但这三种测量工具的信度都还有待进一步研究。本文采用秦晓晴、文秋芳（2007）的研究结果，用错误严重程度和错误总数描述作文的准确性。错误严重程度指将语法和词汇方面所出现的错误按不同程度划分为三级，分别定义为：一级错误为拼写、意义或形式上不影响理解的小错；二级错误是指那些只有在上下文的帮助下才能理解的语句；三级错误是指形式上或意义上严重偏离，并完全干扰了文本的理解的错误。笔者将文本中出现的错误一一确定错误等级，然后赋予分值，一级错误-0.2，二级错误 -0.4，三级错误 -0.8，最后计算总分。如果一个句子中出现多处错误，只计一处最严重的错误，避免以句为单位重复计算。这种方法可以兼顾错误严重程度和错误总数。

由于句法复杂性和句法多样性的测量难度较大，本文暂且不考虑，虽然句法能力对写作水平有重大影响。

从实验组和控制组各随机抽取30名被试，将他们前后两次作文输入电脑，共计120篇。全部文章编码顺序打乱后，由两名熟练掌握大学英语写作评分指标的英语教师评阅被试作文的思想内容和组织结构得分。不一致的评分经两人讨论，最后达成一致分数。

3 . 结果

3 . 1 前测作文比较

实验前两个组的被试参加了作文测试，并对作文成绩进行独立样本T检验（见表1）。结果表明，在作文内容、结构、词汇、准确性等方面，实验组与控制组无显著差异。笔者在分析文本时发现，很多学生中心思想不明确，只有论点而无论证，条理紊乱，导致内容、结构得分都很低。另外，学生过分依赖使用高频词，非一级词汇使用仅为13%；抽象词使用较多，具体词使用较少，词汇重复率高，词汇运用非常贫乏。而且，学生写作规范意识模糊，标点符号滥用，句子主语不明确或句子结构不完整，作文错误较多。

3 . 2 后测作文比较

实验后两个组的被试再次参加了作文测试，并对作文成绩进行独立样本T检验（见表2）。结果表明，在作文内容和结构方面，实验组明显优于控制组；在词汇方面，两组无显著差异；在准确性方面，虽然实验组优于控制组，但差异不显著。最后对两个组的作文分别进行配对样本T检验，无论是控制组还是实验组，在四个分项上进步明显，可见大量作文练习是提高英语写作水平的有效途径。

3 . 3 问卷调查结果

实验组的54名被试参加了问卷调查，有效问卷48份。问卷调查的信度系数为a=.802，说明该问卷可信。从表3的统计结果可了解实验组学生对不完整范文补写的看法。75%的学生喜欢范文补写；超过七成的学生认为范文补写有利于掌握范文的内容和结构、习得范文词汇。超过六成的学生在自己作文时知道如何运用语篇知识，在回读原文时，会关注语言的意义及形式。72.9%的学生希望继续在写作课堂上开展范文补写活动。在对7名学生的访谈中，学生表示范文补写能降低他们写作的焦虑，增加写作的信心。

4 . 讨论

4 . 1 范文补写的益处

实验结果表明，非英语专业大学生补写不完整范文，有利于作文内容和结构分项成绩的提高。

随着语篇语言学的深入研究，研究者们发现阅读和写作几乎是两个相同的过程，拥有相似的认知机制和行为（陈立平，2000）。因此，我们可以说，阅读和写作相互依存，相互作用。范文补写比单纯的范文阅读更能紧密地将阅读与写作结合起来。因为要完成好补写任务，学生必须认真阅读范文、充分理解范文，以保证补写内容与范文内容的连贯性和完整性。为写而读，为读而写，理解与产出紧密结合，加大协同力度，提高外语学习效果（王初明，2012）。

范文补写将模仿与创造有机地结合起来。在理解范文的基础上创造性地补写内容，这不是简单的模仿，需发挥想象力（王初明，2012）。因此，范文补写有利于学生开阔思路、获取写作素材及经验，丰富文章内容。

范文补写有利于学生对语篇知识的掌握和运用，提高作文的组织结构。王立非（2002）的实验结果表明，作文语篇知识教学可以扩大学生的作文语篇知识面，但不能直接提高实际英语写作水平，只能慢慢起作用。这是因为学会运用语篇知识需要长期、大量的练习，才能将陈述性知识变为程序性知识。而范文补写将写作任务进行分解，集中训练某一项或几项语篇技能，这不仅能提高练习的密度，还能提高练习的质量。而通过样例导致的练习的质量和密度的提高必然促进技能的熟练（张春莉，2001）。另外，根据Sweller等人（1988，1994）的认知负荷理论（cognitive load theory），通过对不完整范文的深度加工，更有助于图式的获得和规则的自动化，减轻工作记忆中的认知负荷。在紧张的作文测试中，被试可以较自如地运用语篇知识，布局谋篇。

范文补写有利于作文准确性的提高。从实验结果可知，在作文准确性方面，实验组优于控制组。这是因为完成补写任务后，学生会将补写内容与原文进行比较的同时，观察范文是如何遣词造句、表达思想的，目的比单纯的阅读更明确。学生通过向范文的语言看齐，提高自我监察意识、培养自我纠错能力，逐渐减少语言错误（王初明，2012）。另一方面，实验组在准确性方面的优势还差一点才达到显著水平，这说明语言错误是中介语中不可避免的一部分。虽然互动协同理念不提倡教学中过度改错（王初明，2010），但教师也要给予适当的反馈，并采取有效的措施进行语法教学。样例研究成果表明，提供多样性的样例和利用不完整样例并不足以引起自发迁移，及时、明确的指导才能提高迁移（邢强等，2003）。语法教学虽然改变不了语法习得的顺序，但可以加速对语言形式的掌握，从而避免二语写作中的语法错误，以提高写作的准确性进而提高二语写作水平（戴炜栋、陈莉萍，2005）。研究者发现那些语法基本功底好的学生很少会犯严重的语言结构错误。可见，有效的语法教学仍是提高二语写作准确性的重要保障。笔者发现学生对写作规范的掌握比较快，经过几次练习后，学生在拼写、标点等方面的错误明显减少。因此，虽然可以少改错，但在作文二稿、三稿阶段，还是应该强调语言的准确性。

4 . 2 范文补写与词汇运用

本实验结果表明，在词汇分项方面，实验组与控制组后测成绩明显优于前测成绩，但两组之间无显著差异。在本教学实验中，实验组和控制组学生讲评范文时，都要分析其中的闪光词句，教师鼓励进行模仿。这种方法不仅可以引导学生“注意”范文的语言形式，并且通过“输出”来巩固语言知识，向范文的语言水平看齐，加大协同效应（王初明，2010）。范文阅读和补写创造条件，让理解与产出紧密结合，从而提高外语运用能力（王初明，2012）。

为什么实验组与控制组在词汇分项方面无显著差异呢？这是因为两组读的是相同的范文，阅读量是一样的，至于在加工层次上是否有显著差异，还须进一步研究。另外，二语写作水平的提高是一个渐进、缓慢的发展过程。词汇知识是在与新词的多次接触中逐渐建立起来的（Nation，2001），学习者不仅要有意注意、还要能验证假设和自觉反思（Swain，1985，1995），反复使用和修正，否则不会有词汇习得。因此，学生应阅读多篇范文，重视课堂教材的精调输入和课外阅读的粗调输入（Hammer，1983），并进行大量而有效的写作练习，提高语言输出的质量。

5 . 结论

本文的实验结果显示，在作文内容和结构方面，补写不完整范文比阅读完整范文更有益；在准确性方面，补写范文也表现出一定优势，虽然不显著；在词汇方面，两组无显著差异。阅读与写作是两项相对独立但又相互依赖、相辅相成的技能。范文补写是将阅读与写作紧密结合的有效途径。因此，在以英语为外语的写作课堂里，教师应该为学生提供各类相关的完整及不完整范文，并进行适当的范文补写练习，引导他们开阔思路、学习写作技巧、降低写作焦虑感，从而提高英语写作能力。同时，二语写作水平的提高是一个渐进、缓慢的发展过程，词汇和语法教学在提高二语写作水平中仍起着举足轻重的作用。

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大学英语范文 第5篇

姓名：

xxx

xx 学院 xx 专业 xxx 班

2020 年 06 月 08 日 实验内容：

大学英语范文 第6篇

（一）热点作文1 1)目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票 2)分析产生这种现象的原因 3)提出你的建议 【参考范文】

Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries?

Nowadays, there exist all kinds of lotteries in our society, such as welfare lottery, sports lottery, computer lottery, and so forth.Anyone, whether men or women, the young or the old, may buy lottery tickets.But why do so many people like buying them?

The following reasons can account for the popularity of lotteries.First of all, most people are trying their luck on lottery tickets.They have a long-cherished dream of making big money overnight.In addition, there are some people who want to make donation to public welfare by buying lottery tickets.Besides, some people buy them just for fun.As far as I am concerned, there are some risks in buying lotteries.People never should count on making big money by buying lotteries.Furthermore, lotteries to some extent are similar to gambling, so people should not spend too much money and energy on them.In a word, people should keep a clear head when buying lotteries.热点作文2 1)现在很多漂亮的女孩子尽管没有很强的能力仍能找到很好的工作，因此一些人得出结论说外貌比能力更重要 2)你是否同意?给出你的理由 【参考范文】

Is Good Appearance More Important than Capability?

Old people often tell the young, “Don’t judge a person by his appearance”, meaning capability is more important than appearance.However, nowadays, with more interviewers putting emphasis on looks and the appearance of the applicants, a lot of people come to the conclusion that appearance is more important than capability.As for me, I can’t agree with this argument.Good appearance is pleasant, but capability is more important, because it demonstrates one’s self-cultivation and practical values.It shows the efforts and the glory of acquiring something through one’s hard work whereas good looks bespeak no struggle of the individual.Besides, maybe sometimes a beautiful face can help a girl acquire a good position, but in the long run it is her talent not her look that really works in her career development.Therefore, those without good appearance needn’t feel depressed because one’s success depends on his capability;those with good appearance have to work hard since good appearance cannot bring a person final success.热点作文3 1)随着互联网的普及和应用，网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前

2)应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题

3)作为大学生，你应该怎么做? 生词：viruses病毒 unleash散发，释放 【参考范文】

Cyber Crimes

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us.Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet.To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers.As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more.It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes.First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly.Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes.Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses.As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes.For one thing, we should not use others’ computers unless we get permission.For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information.In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.热点作文4 1)近几年兴起了一股报考国家公务员的热潮 2)分析产生这一现象的原因 3)你对此的看法是„„ 【参考范文】

Test for National Civil Servants

In recent years, there are more and more people who have participated in the test for national civil servants.Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation.And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage.The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.The following reasons can account for this kind of craze.Above all, nowadays college students face great employment pressure.Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice.Moreover, in recent years, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people.Besides, the high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test.In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years.However, from the long run, it doesn’t do good to the development of the nation.If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources.Therefore, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.热点作文5 1)近年来“博客”越来越流行，许多人利用“博客”来表达心声、交流想法

2)博客流行的原因

3)目前的博客中可能存在的问题 【参考范文】

The Popularity of Blog