一年级英语语法知识总结

一年级英语语法知识总结（精选8篇）

一年级英语语法知识总结 第1篇

常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。

It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.

典型例题

1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.

A. the time B. when C. that D. which

答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。

原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)

强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

A. that B. when C. since D. as

答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 It is…that，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is<---> has been was <---> had been.

一年级英语语法知识总结 第2篇

2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如： More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.

3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library.

4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。

例如： The map was changed by someone.(被动结构) That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构) 系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。

例如： He was very excited.(系表结构) He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)

5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。

怎样学好高中英语部分语法知识 第3篇

一、非谓语动词

“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多, 除了不作谓语外, 它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语 (主语补语或宾语补语) 。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下:一感 (feel) ;二听 (hear, listen to) ;三让 (have, 1et, make) ;四看 (see, watch, notice, observe) 。再加上help somebody (to) do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something与keep somebody doing, 而有些及物动词后面接动名词 (the-ing form) 作宾语。

二、复合句

1.学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

例如: (1) Thenews that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)

(2) The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)

关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或宾语, 而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。

2.接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与which;that之前是不定 (代词) 、序数 (词) 、 (形容词) 最高级;which之前是介词短语与逗号 (非限制性) 。

例如: (1) All that we have to do is to practise every day.

(2) The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.

三、It的用法

1.It除了代替人和物以外, 还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语 (不定式、动名词或从句) 则放于谓语或表语之后。

例如:It is not easy to finish the work in two days.

2.It还可以作形式宾语。

例如:He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.

3.It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分 (主语、宾语、状语) , 可以把it当做先行词。这种句子的结构是:It is (was) +被强调部分+that (who) +句子的其余部分。

例如:It is Professor Lin who teaches us English。 (强调主语)

四、倒装结构

学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之, 编个顺口溜:副 (adv.) 介 (prep.) 提前全倒装, 其他句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动, 让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句, 不倒装的属特殊。

五、虚拟语气

虚拟语气也是一个难点。所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议, 而不表示客观存在的事实。它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。现归纳如下:纯假设, 用虚拟, 动词时态退一级;条件句, 分主从, 主句谓语前加would (should, could, might) ;表愿望, 用虚拟, wish后面接宾语 (从句) ;现在过去与将来, 动词时态退一级;提建议, 用虚拟, 宾语 (从句) 动词用 (should) do;俩建议, 三要求, 再加坚持与命令 (suggest, advise, demand, require, request, insist, order) ;It is time后接从句用虚拟;部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 (It is necessry/important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do) 。

高二英语下学期部分语法知识精析 第4篇

1. 根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。

(1) 动词+副词(不及物)

Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。

(2) 动词+副词(及物)

Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。

注意:①如果宾语较长,应避免把副词同动词分开。例如:She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还亮着的灯。

②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。例如:She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。

(3) 动词+介词(及物)

I’m looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。

注意:①其后跟宾语时,必须把宾语放在介词后面,人称代词也不例外。

②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。例如:She’s got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。

(4) 动词+副词+介词

I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。

注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。

例如:In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。

2. 熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。

(1) 同一动词和不同介词搭配。例如:

①hear from收到……的来信 hear of听说

②look after照料 look at看 look for寻找

(2) 同一动词和不同副词搭配。例如:

①ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话

②put away放好 put on穿,上演 put up挂起,举起

(3) 不同动词和同一介词搭配。例如:

look for寻找 call for去取(某物),去接(某人) ask for请求 wait for等候 send for派人去叫

(4) 不同动词和同一副词搭配时,意义上的差异。例如:

①break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭 hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完 set out出发 take out取出 work out算出

②break down出毛病 come down落下来 get down下车 take down取下 write down写下

英语否定概念的表达形式一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型。总结如下表:

在think,suppose,imagine,believe,expect,guess等动词所接的宾语从句中,谓语动词的否定应前移到这些动词前。但hope不属于该用法之列。例如:

I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。

not常放在上述动词及be afraid之后代替一个有否定含义的从句。例如:

问:Is it going to rain?

肯定回答:I suppose so.

否定回答:I suppose not. 或I don’t suppose so.

对于hope和be afraid,否定回答只能说I hope not. 和I’m afraid not.

省略的目的是为了避免重复,使语言精练。大体上来说,被省略的部分是上文已出现过的词语。有些被省略的部分,虽非上文出现的内容, 但是在意义上是不言自明的。

1.简单句中的省略

1) 省略主语。例如:Get up. (省略了主语you,祈使句中的主语通常被省略)

2) 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。例如:

No smoking. (省略了主谓语There is)

Have a cup of tea? (省略了主语及谓语的助动词部分will you)

3) 省略宾语。例如:

—Do you know Mr. Smith?

—I don’t know. (省略了宾语him)

4) 省略表语。例如:

—Are you hungry?

—Yes, I am. (省略了表语hungry)

5) 同时省略几个成分。例如:

—Are you feeling better now?

—Much better. (省略了I am feeling...now)

6) 其他省略结构。例如:

(1) 名词所有格所修饰的名词,表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。例如:

We spent the weekend at the Smith’s.

(2) what和how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语it和be动词。例如:

What a wonderful victory (it is) for her!

(3) 不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to:

①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后边。例如:

I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.

②在have,need,ought,be going,used等后。例如:

I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.

③在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后。例如:

—Will you join us?

—I should love to.

注意:如不定式中有be, have, have been, 则常保留be, have, have been。例如:

—Are you a sailor?

—No, but I used to be.

—He hasn’t finished yet.

—Well, he ought to have.

但是,当前面句子中出现的是复合助动词时,在省略句中只需保留一个。例如:

—You wouldn’t have won if I hadn’t helped you.

—I would, I think.

当后一个句子中的助动词不同于前句的助动词时,则应重复。例如:

—I think Mary should be told.

—She has been

当be和have作实义动词时,其后的有关成分可以省去。例如:

—I am tired.

—I am, too.

而其他动词则不可以这样。例如:

—Do you like the play?

不可以说:Yes, I like. 而应该说:Yes, I like it / I do.

2. 并列句中的省略

如果后一个句中含有与前面一个句子相同的部分(主语、谓语、宾语或表语),我们通常将此予以省略。例如:

He sang and (he) played the guitar. (省略主语)

John washed (his own shirt) and ironed his own shirt. (省略宾语)

I haven’t read this book yet but I will (read it) later.(省略谓语)

Peter has recently become(a hard-working students), and his brother always was, a hard-working students. (省略表语)

但如果be, have和do在前一个句中作主要动词,而在后一个分句中用作助动词,这时后一个分句中的助动词不可以省去。例如:

Jane has a good memory and has recited all the poems we taught her last night.

3. 主从句中的省略

1) 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略;当先行词是time, reason, place时,作状语的关系副词when, why, where也可省去。例如:

This is the first time (when) he had trouble with the boss.

2) 宾语从句中的省略

在以疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句中,如该宾语从句涉及的是上下文所谈的内容,有时可以省去宾语从句中除疑问词以外的部分,而意思不受影响。例如:

The doctor believed something was wrong with Mike’s chest and he was trying to find out what (was wrong with Mike’s chest).

3) 一般状语从句中的省略

(1) 如果状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同,而谓语又含有动词be(包括连系动词和助动词),这时可以把从句的主语和be动词一同省去。例如:

While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

Though(he was) tired, the little girl kept on studying.

(2) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,也有这样的省略。例如:

Her father told her to be careful when crossing the street.

(3) 用so或not代替上文内容,用if so/not的省略句式。例如:

Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.

4) 比较状语从句中的省略

(1) 如从句中含有与主句相同的成分,通常仅保留参与比较的部分(即比较的另一方),省略其他成分。例如:

We are more confident than(we have) ever

(been).

(2) 如从句中含有先行主语it时,通常省略it和其指代部分(名词性从句或不定式)。例如:

He spent more money than(it) was intended (that he should spend).

(3) 比较状语从句中的宾语一般情况下不可省略。例如:

James enjoyed the movie more than Susan enjoyed it. (不能省略it)

但是,当谓语动词为动词替代词do时,宾语可以省略。例如:

He speaks English as well as his teacher does.

强调是对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出的一种修辞手法。有些是语法上的需要,同时也对信息起到强调作用。强调句的常见用法如下:

1. 用强调句型“It is(was)+被强调的部分+that(who)+原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿。

对主语进行强调:It was I that/who didn’t realize all my mistakes until you told me yesterday.

对宾语进行强调:It was all my mistakes that I didn’t realize until you told me yesterday.

对状语进行强调:It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes.

2. 用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”来表示强调。例如:

He does know the place well. 他的确很熟悉这个地方。

Do write to me when you get there. 你到那儿后务必给我来信。

3. 用形容词very, only, single, such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。例如:

That’s the very textbook we used last term. 这正是我们上学期用过的教材。

Not a single person has been in the shop this morning. 今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。

How dare you buy such expensive jewels?你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?

4.用ever,never,very,just等副词和badly,highly,really等带有-ly的副词来进行强调。例如:

Why ever did you do so? 你究竟为什么要这么做?

This is just what I wanted. 这正是我所要的。

He was badly wounded. 他伤得很严重。

I really don’t know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。

5.用in the world,on earth,at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句)。例如:

Where in the world could he be? 他到底会在哪儿?

What on earth is it?它究竟是什么?

Do you know at all?你到底知不知道?

6. 用感叹句来表示强烈的感情。例如:

How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊!

What a beautiful day! 多好的天气啊!

7. 用倒装句将要强调的部分置于句首来加强语气。例如:

On the table were some flowers. 桌上摆着一些花。

Many a time have I climbed that hill. 我多次翻过那座山。

Only in this way can we solve this problem. 只有这样,我们才能解决这个问题。

8. 用if来表示强调:

1) if从句+I don’t know who/what,etc. does/is/has,etc.;主句部分也可以用nobody does/is/has,etc.或everybody does/is/has,etc.来代替。这里的if从句往往是正话反说,反话正说。例如:

If he can’t do it, I don’t know who can. 要是他做不了这件事,我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做)

If Jim is a coward, everybody is. 要是吉姆是个胆小鬼,那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼)

2) if从句+it be主句(把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面,把其他内容放在由if引导的从句中)。例如:

If anyone knew the truth, it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相,那便是汤姆。

If there is one thing he loves, it is money. 如果说世界上还有他爱的东西,那便是金钱。

1. In some western countries, demand of graduates from MBA courses has .

A. turned downB. turned over

C. fallen downD. fallen over

2. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson

cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.

A. took upB. caught on

C. carried outD. made for

3. It’s ten years since the scientiston his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.

A. made forB. set out

C. took offD. turned up

4. We all think you speak English as fluently as .

A. speaks a native speaker

B. a native speaker does

C. will a native speaker

D. a native speaker is

5. —You should have thanked her before you left.

—I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.

A. to doB. to

C. doingD. doing so

6. You are putting on weight. Why _______ your milk without sugar?

A. not havingB. not have

C. you not haveD. you not to have

7.about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was

B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were

D. The couple was such curious

8. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

A. man did knowB. man knew

C. didn’t man knowD. did man know

9. In history of China sometimes little _______ about the economic development.

A. the government cares

B. does the government care

C. doesn’t the government care

D. the government doesn’t care

10. Autumn coming, down _______.

A. do the leaves fall

B. the leaves will fall

C. fall the leaves

D. the leaves have fallen

11. —_______that he managed to get the information?

—Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was itB. What was it

C. How was itD. Why was it

12. It was said that not until the old man had passed away _______ to his relatives.

A. she let out the secret

B. was the secret let out

C. out she let the secret

D. out let the secret

13. New ideas some times have to wait for years before ________.

A. being fully accepted

B. fully accepted

C. fully accepting

四年级英语上册语法知识总结 第5篇

缩写与完全形式的转换

let’s = let us

who’s = who is

where’s = where is

what’s = what is

it’s = it is

he’s = he is

she’s = she is

I’m = I am

can’t = can not

don’t = do not

isn’t = is not

aren’t = are not they’re = they are

doesn’t = does not

反义词类

big（反义词）small / little

short(反义词)tall / long strong（反义词）weak / thin

new（反义词）old / young fat（反义词）thin

open(反义词)close turn on(反义)turn off

right（反义）wrong / left like（反义词）hate

heavy（反义词）light

名词变复数规则

1、一般情况下直接在名词词尾加上-s。

eg： book— books

dog — dogs

cake — cakes

2、以 s , x , sh, ch结尾的名词，在名词后面加上-es。eg: bus — buses

class — classes

glass — glasses

box — boxes

fox — foxes

wish(希望)— wishes

fish（鱼）— fishes

watch（手表）— watches

3、以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加上-es。story（故事）stories

candy（糖果）— candies

4、以 f 或者fe结尾的名词，变 f / fe 为v 再加上-es。

eg：knife（小刀）— knives

wolf（狼）— wolves 动词变化doing(现在分词/动名词)的规则

1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing。

eg：play（玩）— playing 【特殊】

see（看见）— seeing

clean（打扫）— cleaning

help（帮助）— helping

eat（吃）— eating

turn（转变）—turning

2、以字母e 结尾的动词，把e 去掉再加上-ing。

eg：come（来）— coming

like（喜欢）— likng

have（有）— having

love（喜欢）— loving

take（拿走）— taking

3、以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾的动词，一般情况下，双．．．．写该辅音字母再加上-ing。

eg：put（放）— putting

swim（游泳）— swimming

hop（跳高）— hopping

注意：

1、have（第三人称单数）has

like（第三人称单数）likes

speak（第三人称单数）speaks

2、speak + 某种语言

表示：“说……语言”

3、There + be + 某物 + 某处

表示：“某处有某物”

4、五个元音字母：

Aa

Ee

Ii

Oo

六年级英语语法知识点总结 第6篇

a number of 意思是“许多”，相当于a lot of ; the number of意思是“……的数目,……的数量”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

A number of students like playing computer games.

许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。

The number of the students is about 1500 in our school.

我们学校学生的人数大约是1500。

二、基数词变序数词助记歌。

基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;一、二、三特殊记，八加h ，九去e ，ve要用f替;以e结尾变ie，后跟th莫忘记。要想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。

特殊变化：one—first ,two—second ,three—third ,five—fifth ,

nine—ninth ,twelve—twelfth ,forty—fortieth ,

eight-nine—eighty-ninth

三、概数(略数)表达法

数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数

hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名词复数

例1

1. __people go swimming in summer in Dalian.

A、Thousands B、Thousand of C、Thousands of D、Thousand

2. __the students will take part in this English speech contest.

A. Two hundred of B. Two hundreds of C. Hundreds of D. Hundred of

一、of sb.与for sb.的区别

(1)of sb.“对于(某人)”，用于It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。

(2)for sb.“对于(某人)”，用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth.句型中, 形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。

二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词

1、because(因为)，so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。

Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.

=He was tired ,so he couldn’t walk there.

因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿了。

2、(al)thouthg(虽然)，but (但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但thouthg和yet可以同时出现在一个句子里(yet用作副词)

Thought he was tired, he still worked hard.

=He was tired, but he still worked hard.

一年级英语语法知识总结 第7篇

Unit One Friendship

一、重点短语

1.go through 经历，经受

get through 通过;完成;接通电话

2. set down 记下，放下

3. a series of 一系列

4. on purpose 有目的的

5. in order to 为了

6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻

7. face to face 面对面

8. fall in love 爱上

9. join in 参加(某个活动);

take part in 参加(活动)

join 加入(组织，团队，并成为其中一员)

10. calm down 冷静下来

11. suffer from 遭受

12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦

13. be concerned about 关心

14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽

15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…

16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…

17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…

18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)

much too 太…(后接adj.)

19. not…until 直到… 才

20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心

21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

二、语法----直接引语和间接引语

概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。

例： Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”

Mr. Black said that he was busy.

变化规则

(一)陈述句的变化规则

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that(可省略)引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思

例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”

→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.

时态的变化

直接引语	间接引语
一般现在时	一般过去时
现在进行时	过去进行时
现在完成时	过去完成时
一般过去时	过去完成时
一般将来时	过去将来时
过去完成时	过去完成时

例：

“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.

→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”

→ The boy said that he was using a knife.

▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：

He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

直接引语	间接引语
this	that
these	those
now	then
ago	before/earlier
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next/following day
the day after tomorrow	In two day’s time
come	go
here	there
the day before yesterday	two days before/earlier

(二) 祈使句的变化规则

如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。例：

The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”

→ The hostess asked us to sit down.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.

(三)疑问句的变化规则

如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。

一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:

“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.

→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.

2) 特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：

“What do you want?” he asked me.

→ He asked me what I wanted

Unit two English around the world

一、重点短语

1. be different from 与…不同

be the same as 与…一样

2. one another 相互，彼此(=each other)

3. official language 官方语言

4. at the end of 在…结束时

5. because of 因为(后接名词或名词性短语)

because 因为(后接句子)

6. native speakers 说母语的人

7. be based on 根据，依据

8. at present 目前;当今

9. especially 特别，尤其

specially 专门地

10. make use of 利用…

make the best of 充分利用…

11. a large number of 大量的，很多(作主语，谓语动词用复数)

the number of …的数量(作主语，谓语动词用单数)

12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上

13. believe it or not 信不信由你

14. there is no such thing as… 没有这样的事…

15. be expected to …被期待做某事

16. play a part/role in … 在…起作用

17. make lists of…列清单

18. included 包括(前面接包括的对象)

Including包括(后接包括的对象)

19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事

command + that 从句(从句用should+V原)

20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

request + that 从句(从句用should+V原)

二、语法----英语中的命令(command)语气和请求(request)语气

命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级

例：1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.

2. Open the window!

请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌

例：1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked.

2. Would you please open the window?

Unit 3 Travel journal

一、重点短语

1. travel----泛指旅行

journey----指长时间长距离的陆上旅行

voyage----指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行

trip----常指短时间短距离的旅行

tour----指周游，巡回旅游，

2. prefer to 更加喜欢，宁愿

prefer A to B 比起B，更喜欢A

prefer doing to doing 比起做…，宁愿做…

prefer to do rather than do 与其做…, 不如…

3. flow through 流过，流经

4. ever since 自从

5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

6. be fond of 喜欢

7. insist on doing 坚持做某事

insist + that 从句(用should+ V原)

8. care about 关心

9. change one’s mind 改变想法

10. altitude 高度

attitude 态度，看法

11. make up one’s mind to do下定决心做某事

= decide to do = make a decision to do

12. give in 让步，屈服

give up 放弃

13. be surprised to … 对…感到惊奇

to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是…

14. at last = finally = in the end 最终

15. stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

16. as usual 像往常一样

17. so…that 如此… 以至于…

So + adj + a/an + n. + that

Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that

18. be familiar with 对…熟悉(人作主语)

be familiar to 为…所熟悉(物作主语)

二、语法:现在进行时表将来

现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.

例：1. I’m coming. 我就来

2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么?

3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行

4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/

Unit four Earthquakes

一、重点短语

1. right away 立刻，马上(= at once = in no time)

2. asleep 睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep 入睡)

sleep 睡;睡眠

sleepy 犯困的

3. it seems that/ as if … 看来好像… ;似乎

4. in ruins 成为废墟

5. the number of …的数量(谓语动词用单数)

a number of 大量(谓语动词用复数)

6. rescue workers 营救人员

Come to one’s rescue 营救某人

7. be trapped 被困

8. how long 多长时间

how often 多久，指平率

how soon 还要多久(用于将来时当中，用in+时间段回答)

9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的

10. dig out 挖出

11. shake----泛指“动摇，震动”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”

例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him.

2. She was shaken with anger.

quake---- 指较强烈的震动，如地震

例: The building quaked on its foundation

Tremble---- 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖

例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.

Shiver---- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦

例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.

12. rise (rose—risen)---- vi, 上升;升起， 无被动语态;give rise to 引起

Raise(raised—raised)---- vt, 举起;筹集;养育

Arise ( arose—arisen)----vt, 出现(常指问题或现象)

13. injure---- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害

例：He was injured in a car accident.

harm---- 泛指“伤害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的

例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.

2. His business was harmed for some reason.

hurt---- 既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害

例：1. She hurt her leg when she fell.

2. He felt hurt at your word.

wound---- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤

例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.

14. be prepared for …= make preparations for… 为…做准备

15. in one’s honor 向…表示敬意;为纪念

Be/ feel honored to do … 做…感到很荣幸

16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言

opening speech 开幕词

17. give/ provide shelter to …向…提供庇护所

seek shelter from…躲避

18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，发生

happen to do sth. 偶然;碰巧

happen ----指偶然发生

take place----指事先计划好的事情发生

二、语法----定语从句

概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。

1. 关系代词that的用法

关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主语，也能做宾语

例：1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)

2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作宾语)

3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主语)

4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人，作宾语)

2. 关系代词which的用法

关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语

例：1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语)

2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)

3. 关系代词who，whom的用法

关系代词who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语

例：1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语)

2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、

4. 关系代词whose在的用法

关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。

例：1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主语)

2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主语)

3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物，作宾语)

5. 关系副词when的用法

关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语

例：1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.

2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?

6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法

关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语

例：1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.

2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.

7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法

关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语

例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.

2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero

一、重点词汇

1. selfish 自私的

selfless 无私的

2. devote oneself to… 致力于;献身于

3. fight against 对抗，反对

fight for 为… 而战

4. principle 原则

principal 校长;主要的

5. offer guidance to …给…提供指导

6. out of work 失业

7. join 加入(组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员)

join in 参加(活动)

take part in 参加(活动)

8. as + adj +as one can 尽可能…

= as + adj. +as possible

9. as a matter of fact 事实上(=in fact)

10. blow up 爆炸，炸掉

11. set up 建立 ; set about 着手，开始做( set about doing sth.)

set off 出发，动身 ; set out 开始，出发(set out to do sth.)

12. be sentenced to 被判…

13. be equal to 与…相等;胜任

14. be proud of 为…感到自豪

15. give out 分发 (give off 散发出(气味))

16. die for 为…而死

die of 死于(自身原因，如疾病)

die from 死于(外在原因，如车祸)

17. realize one’s dream of … 实现..的梦想

18. only 位于句首时，要主谓倒装

例：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.

二.语法----定语从句

一年级英语语法知识总结 第8篇

（一）let’s = let us 让我们Let’s learn English.让我们学习英语吧。= Why not learn English?为什么不学习英语呢？= What/How about learning English? 学习英语怎么样？

（二）let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 例如：Let me play the guitar.注意：1）let sb.do sth.中的sb.若是代词要用宾格形式。Let she sing an English song.(×)Let her sing an English song.(√)2）let sb.do sth..中的sb.即使是第三人称单数后面的动词仍用原形，例如： Let him plays soccer.(×)Let him play soccer.(√)3）learn from 向……学习, 例如：Let us learn from Lei Feng.让我们向雷锋学习。4)learn to do sth..学会干某事 例如： He learns to speak a little French.他学会说一点法语。6.What color is this sweater? 这个毛衣是什么颜色？ 1)对颜色提问的两种方法：What color …? = What’s the color of …? 例如： What color is your sweater? = What’s the color of your sweater?你的毛衣是什么颜色？ What color are these pants? 这些裤子是什么颜色？ 2)color是可数名词，例如：I don’t like these colors.我不喜欢这些颜色。7.What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？ 1)对姓名的几种提问及回答： What’s your name? = May I have/know your name? My name is … = I’m … 2)姓氏：family name / last name 名字： first name 全名：full name 8.Is this your dictionary? 这是你的字典吗？ 答：Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.例如： Is that your brother’s backpack?--Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.9.Call John at 495-3539.给约翰打电话495-3539。Please call Gina, her phone number is 2684753.=Please call Gina at 2684753.10.Thanks for the photo of your family.感谢你的全家福照片。1)Thanks.= Thank you.(√)感谢你。2)Thanks for + sth./doing sth.为……而感谢你。例如： Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me.感谢你的帮助。3)the photo of your family=your family photo你的全家福照片