考研英二历年完形填空真题

考研英二历年完形填空真题（精选6篇）

考研英二历年完形填空真题 第1篇

While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .

[A] stabilizing

[B] changing

[C] falling

[D] rising

27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .

[A] is progressing notably

[B] is as extensive as in Europe

[C] faces many challenges

[D] has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .

[A] wind is a widely used energy source

[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy

[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?

[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.

[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.

[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.

[B] will accelerate global environmental change.

[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.

[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.

考研英二历年完形填空真题 第2篇

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.

26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.

[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high

[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect

[C] our need for leadership is unnatural

[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______

[A] rapid watching

[B] conscious choice

[C] intuitive response

[D] automatic self-defence

28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______

[A] underestimate their insecurities

[B] believe in their attractiveness

[C] cover up their depressions

[D] oversimplify their illusions

29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.

[A]present their dishonest profiles

[B]define their traditional life styles

[C]share their intellectual pursuits

考研英二历年完形填空真题 第3篇

根据BEC阅读句子填空的出题思路，解答这一类题型所需要掌握的关键点为：充分利用各种衔接手段。下面我们就以BEC真题为例，具体谈谈如何利用词汇衔接和逻辑衔接这两种主要的逻辑关系答题。

词汇衔接

词汇衔接分为三种：代词、同义词/近义词、上下义词/同一范畴词对应关系。

1、代词

代词的作用主要是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系以及代词的单复数差异即可准确而快速地解题。

例题：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us.__________ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.

正确选项句：Research commissioned by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.

例题分析：空格后句末“in both these areas”中“both”这个不定代词提示考生空格中一定会出现两个并列的名词概念，即正确选项中的“fashion and value”。考试中常见的不定代词还有：one、everyone、everybody、each、all、many、these、this等，其中特别要注意它们所指代名词的单复数形式。

2、同义词/近义词

英语文章的上下文之间往往存在同义词、近义词甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这就给我们的解题提供了一条极佳的判断线索。

例题：A Norwegian company, Cortex, has patented a cork, made from man-made materials which it claims is superior to the real thing. ________

正确选项句：It hopes to be making 200 million of its synthetic corks a year by the end of the decade.

例题分析：选项中“synthetic”意思是“人工合成的、人造的”，与前句中的“man-made”是同义词。在某些时候，如果选项中出现与空格前后句里意义相同的词汇(尤其是名词)，这种同词重复的现象往往是引导答题的极佳提示。

3、上下义词/同一范畴词

上下义词/同一范畴词是指， 两个词之间存在着上下义词关系，表现为前者包含了后者，或者后者是前者的一个子集。例如：apple 与orange之间就属同一范畴关系，因为它们都属于fruit。

例题：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. ____________ All of these have reported an increase in market share.

正确选项句：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, gifts and homeware.

例题分析：空格后的句子开头“all of these”提示我们，空格里肯定存在至少3个并列名词，而正确选项中的lingerie(女士内衣)、gifts(礼品)和homeware(家居用品)这3个名词又与前句中的menswear(男士服装)属于同一范畴事物，都是百货商店中的常见商品类别。答案就可从此轻而易举地判断出来。

逻辑衔接

逻辑衔接根据前后句之间的逻辑关系又可细分为：解释关系、例证关系、因果关系以及顺逆关系。

1、解释关系

这里所提到的解释关系通常指，句与句之间所包含的前者解释后者的逻辑关系，有时很难发现。

例题：By 1995, the year she died, the business had grown so much that she had decided to remain involved only in the area of design. ______

正确选项句：The creative side of things was what she had always enjoyed most.

例题分析：题干中“design”这个词的中文意思一定为大家所熟悉了，但一个成功设计师的基本素质是什么？扫描选项可发现，在正确选项中出现了一个“creative”，从此可提示大家设计师必须具备“creative(original) mind”。因此选项中的“the creative side of things”是对前句中“the area of design”的最好解释。

2、例证关系

例证的形式多样，就其本质而言无非就是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从形象到抽象)和推理(从抽象到形象)。

例题：Managers should provide regular feedback to their staff.______

正确选项句：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.

例题分析：题干提出了一个观点“管理者应该定期向员工们提供反馈。”之后立即以“For example”举例说明。这是一道典型的例证题，较易做出判断。

3、因果关系

因果关系常见的逻辑表达有：because、for、since、as、the reason is that、result in /from、be due to、be attributed to等等。还有一些表示因果逻辑关系的表达是比较隐蔽的，例如：underlie(前者构成后者的基础，即前者是因，后者是果)和in response to(前者作为后者的回应，即后者是因，前者是果)。

例题：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment, we are better equipped than ever to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic.______

正确选项句：This is due to our now having a clear strategy with a focus on the customer, product improvement and store refurbishment.

例题分析：正确选项句中有一个非常重要的形容词——clear，该词足以说明公司的strategy(战略)是正确的。而空格前一句讲的正是该公司踌躇满志的心态和乐观前景。正确句选项中的“This is due to”则明确反映出与上文间的因果衔接关系。

4、顺逆关系

英语行文中的后句与前句不是顺承逻辑关系就是逆转逻辑关系。如果一篇填句文章的空格前后两句话间存在逻辑上的逆转，空格处则很有可能是一个表示转折逻辑的句子。

例题：Companies both large and small have spend large sums of money on improving office computer facilities._________ It seems that business have failed to apply the developments in technology to greater effect.

正确选项句：However, this enormous investment has not improved productivity as expected.

例题分析：题干中，作者在空格前句所表达的态度即使不完全是正面态度，也至少可以属于中性描述：无论是大公司还是小公司，都在改进自己办公室的硬件方面不惜血本投资。而空格后的句子中却出现了一个明显表示负面评价的词汇：fail to。因此考生可以在备选项中搜寻出表达转折逻辑的选项。

真题演练

下面我们就根据上述由BEC真题中总结出来的方法巧解2006年考研“七选五”真题。

41题解析

For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”. (41) _______________ In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In march 1997 he lost $72,186.

正确选项句： (C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.

分析：选项中的$5,000和$5,500与空格后的$21,000和$72,186都是金钱数字，属于同一范畴概念，由于其他选项中没有任何数字，考生就能很快判断出正确答案。另外，此题还有一层逻辑上的对应关系，即空格所在的选项句和空格后一句其实是用具体的事实数据在描述David Williams的赌瘾越来越大，这正是空格前句中“electronic heroin”(电子海洛因)的解释，属于上文总结的解释型逻辑关系。

42题解析

Noting the“medical /psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. (42)___________________The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning, “enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it .”

正确选项句：(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

分析：空格前一句中的“letter”一词与选项中的“mailings”是同义词对应关系。这里还存在第二层同义词对应关系，即空格前句中的patronizing the casino(光顾赌场)和选项中entered the casino(进入赌场)，这两者所表达的意思相同。

43题解析

Nevertheless Williams's suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will”. (43) __________________________ The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

正确选项句：(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

分析：这道题很明显属于同词重复现象：lure和will的重复出现。

44题解析

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling”involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit of loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall. (44) ____________________ Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

正确选项句：(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

分析：此题存在多层对应关系。第一层：空格前句的diagnostic(诊断上的)与选项中的medicalize(医学化)以及空格后句中的physical(身体上的)虽然不是近义词或同义词，但很显然属于同一范畴，即医学范畴，因此为同一范畴词汇对应；第二层：选项中的“defining as”与空格后的“reclassifying...as...”属近义词表达，都是表示“归类为，定义为”；第三层：选项中的weakness of will (意志上的弱点)和空格后句中的character flaws (性格缺陷)是上下义词的关系，前者属于后者。明确了这层对应关系以后，解题时就游刃有余了。

45题解析

Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)______________________ Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on — you might say addicted to — revenues from wagering.

正确选项句： (D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

分析：此题有两层对应。第一层：空格后面的“Forty-four states have lotteries,... revenues from wagering.”(44个州发行各种彩票，29个州开设赌场，大多数州在不同程度上依赖于赌场收入)是以具体的例子来说明选项中的“Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever”是上文总结的例证逻辑关系。第二层：空格后句中的revenues(收入)一词是个专业术语，特别指国家政府的财政收入。它与空格后的government属于同一范畴词汇对应关系。只要把题干中的句意及关键词的意思弄明白，根据对应关系解题法即能顺利解题。

考研英二作文往年真题 第4篇

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

48.Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of focusing factors of citizens in a city when choosing a restaurant in , consisting of 4 parts, which are features, service, environment, price and other factors. Among them, the proportion of service, environment, price and other factors is 26.8%, 23.8%, 8.4% and 4.7% respectively. By contrast, the factor of focusing on features of the restaurant is in the lead, accounting for 36.3%.

What has triggered this phenomenon? To begin with, with the fast development of national economy and personal wealth, people in China have stepped into an era of enjoying life, transforming traditional pattern of living. Therefore, such a great proportion of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a restaurant, instead of only concentrating on the price. Moreover, in a society where living standard is highly advocated, citizens in mounting numbers in China, shrugging off their former habit of focusing on lower price, gradually find the service and environment of a restaurant is an essential factor. According to a survey conducted by China Research Center, up to 87% Chinese people prefer to choose a comfortable and fashionable restaurant when they go out for eating.

历年考研英语完形出题点 第5篇

在考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析仅仅只有5处。出题人往往会对动词、名词、副词、形容词及介词等的词义解析进行考查。在更多的完型中，出题人比较倾向于对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查。而单纯的考查逻辑关系的题目只出现了三处。

在考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析的题目只有一处。而在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的70%，出现了14处。单纯的考查逻辑关系仅出现了两处。

在考研英语的完型中，在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的55%，出现了11处。而词义辨析出现了7处，占到了35%。

在考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析出现了5处。在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的60%，出现了12处。考查逻辑关系出现了三处。在考查固定搭配及习惯搭配，出现了两处。

在考研英语的完型中，单纯考查词义解析出现了三处。在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了11处，占到了该年完型题目的55%。其余的是单纯的考查逻辑关系及搭配题目。

在考研英语的完型中，在对在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了11处。而单纯的考查词义解析出现了6处，占到了30%。在该年的完型中，对固定短语及习惯用法的考查也多余之前的完型题目。

在2012年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义解析或逻辑关系的题目出现了11处，是在历年的完型题目中对单个知识点进行考查较多的一年。而对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了9处。

在考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查逻辑关系、词义解析及搭配的题目出现了13处，且单纯考查词义解析就出现了6处。在剩余的7道题目中，出题人也多对常识题目进行了考查。

在考研英语的完型题目中，出现了7处对单一知识点进行考查的题目。在其余的13处题目中，出题人针对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查。

考研政治历年真题 第6篇

1.邓小平理论形成和发展起来的基础是(本题难度系数为06)

A.社会主义建设成功经验和挫折教训的深刻总结

B.当代国际局势的新发展,和平与发展成为时代主题

C.我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实践

D.其他社会主义国家在社会主义发展问题上所提供的严重教训

2.邓小平理论之所以成为马克思主义在中国发展的新阶段，是因为它(本题难度系数为07)()

A倍允贝特征和总体国际形势作出了新的科学判断

B卑讯陨缁嶂饕宓娜鲜短岣叩叫碌目蒲水平

C毙纬闪诵碌慕ㄉ柚泄特色社会主义理论的科学体系

D彼开拓了马克思主义的新境界

3.毛 泽东思想、邓小平理论都是(本题难度系数为07)()

A.马克思主义基本原理与中国革命和建设实际相结合的产物

B.党和人民实践经验和集体智慧的结晶

C.在实践中不断与时俱进的`理论

D.具有鲜明中国特色的马克思主义理论

考研政治梯度实战习题集

4.邓小平在党的十二大开幕词中指出，中国的事情要(本题难度系数为08)()

A.按照中国的特殊情况来办

B.依靠中国工农的力量来办

C.按照中国的情况来办

D.依靠中国人自己的力量来办

5.邓小平说：“马克思主义必须是同中国实际相结合的马克思主义，社会主义必须是切合中国实际的有中国特色的社会主义。”这句话的含义是(本题难度系数为06)()

A.马克思主义必须中国化

B.必须以实用化的态度对待马克思主义

C.社会主义必须具有中国特色

D.离开中国实际谈马克思主义没有意义

6.邓小平理论产生的国内社会历史条件有(本题难度系数为06)()

A.和平与发展成为时代主题

B.世界新技术革命浪潮的兴起

C.我国社会主义建设的经验教训

D.中国改革开放和现代化建设的实践

考研政治理论要点

一、事物发展过程中的量变和质变、肯定和否定及其关系

(1) 质是一事物成为自身并区别于它事物的规定性。

事物质的规定性是由事物内部矛盾的特殊性所决定的。质和事物的存在直接同一。质和事物的不可分离，既表明了事物的确定性，又表明了质的客观实在性。事物的质是通过属性表现出来的，属性是一物和他物在相互联系中表现出来的质。认识事物质的意义：认识质是认识和实践的起点和基础。只有认识质，才能区别事物。蓄意抹杀和混淆事物质的区别，是诡辩论的一个特征。

(2) 量是事物存在和发展的规模、程度、速度以及它的构成成分在空间上排列组合等可以用数量表示的规定性。

量和事物不可分离，但量和事物的存在不直接同一，在一定范围内量的增减不影响事物的存在。认识事物量的意义：第一，认识量是认识的深化和精确化。区分质是认识量的前提，考察量是认识质的深化。马克思说，一种科学只有成功地运用数学的时候，才能达到真正完善的地步。第二，只有正确了解事物的量，才能正确估计事物在实践中的地位和作用。做任何事情，既要有质的要求，又要有量的要求，做到心中有数。

(3) 度是事物保持自己质的量的范围、幅度和限度。

它的极限叫关节点，超出了关节点，事物就形成了新的质量统一。认识事物度的意义：第一，认识度才能确切地把握事物的质，不致混淆不同的事物。因为任何事物都是质和量的统一体。第二，认识度才能为实践活动提供正确的准则，即适度原则。当然，也不能把“度”绝对化。

二、事物发展中的量变和质变及其相互转化

(1) 量变和质变是事物变化发展的两种基本形式。

量变是事物数量的增减或场所的变更，是一种渐进的变化，体现了事物发展的连续性。质变是事物根本性质的变化，是一种质态向另一种质态的飞跃，是渐进过程的中断，体现了事物发展的阶段性。事物的变化是否超出度，是区分量变和质变的根本标志。

(2) 量变和质变是辩证统一的关系。

①量变和质变是相互依赖、相互转化的：第一，量变是质变的必要准备，质变是量变的必然结果。第二，质变体现和巩固量变的成果，为新的量变开辟道路。

②量变和质变是互相渗透的：一方面，量变中渗透质变，这是指在总的量变过程中包含着部分质变。部分质变是指在总的量变过程中，事物的根本性质未变，但事物的非根本性质或局部性质发生变化，表现出阶段性部分质变和局部性部分质变两种情形。另一方面，质变中渗透量变，这是指质变过程中包含着新质在量上的扩张。质变中的量变已不是单纯的量变，它每一步都有新质因素的产生。

③坚持量变和质变的辩证统一关系，要求我们反对“激变论”和庸俗进化论。前者只承认质变、否认量变，后者只承认量变、否认质变，两者都是片面的，错误的。

(3) 量变和质变关系原理是无产阶级政党制定路线、方针、政策的重要理论依据，也是我们党的不断革命论与革命发展阶段论相统一、最高纲领与最低纲领相统一的哲学依据。在实际工作中，我们要把远大目标和求实精神结合起来，把敢想、敢闯的革命精神和脚踏实地的工作作风结合起来，既反对因循守旧，又反对急躁冒进。

三、事物发展中的肯定和否定及其辩证关系

(1) 发展的实质是新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡。

在新事物取代旧事物的过程中，辩证的否定是决定性的环节。

(2) 任何事物都包含肯定和否定两个方面。

肯定是事物中保持其存在的方面，否定是事物中促使其灭亡的方面。事物内部的肯定方面和否定方面相互斗争，当肯定方面居于主导地位时，事物处于量变过程中;当否定方面不断发展壮大，上升到主导地位时，事物发生质变，转化为他事物。

(3) 肯定和否定是辩证统一的关系。

第一，两者互相依赖。没有离开否定的肯定，一事物肯定自己是这个事物，也就否定了是别的事物;也没有离开肯定的否定，对某种形态的否定，也就是对与之对立的另一种形态的肯定。第二，两者互相渗透。肯定中包含着否定，否定中也包含着肯定，因为否定必须通过吸取和依靠现有事物的某些积极因素才能实现。

四、辩证的否定观及其方法论意义

(1) 辩证否定观的基本内容：否定是事物内在矛盾所引起的自我否定;否定是发展的环节和联系的环节，是包含肯定的否定;作为发展环节和联系环节的否定的实质是扬弃，是既克服又保留。

(2) 形而上学否定观与辩证的否定观相对立，它认为否定是外在的否定、主观任意的否定;否定是绝对的否定，这就既割断了事物的联系，又使发展中断。

(3) 辩证的否定不是一次完成的，而是经历两次否定、三个阶段的有规律过程，即“肯定-否定-否定之否定”的过程。

事物的这种否定之否定过程，从内容上看，是自己完善自己、自己发展自己的过程;从形式上看，是螺旋式上升的过程，方向是前进上升的，道路是迂回曲折的，是前进性和曲折性的统一。

(4) 辩证的否定观既是世界观又是方法论，是观察和分析一切问题的方法论原则。

①它是我们坚信新生事物不可战胜的哲学依据。新事物必然要战胜旧事物，这是由事物发展的辩证本性和新旧事物的本质特点所决定的。第一，新事物对旧事物来说，既是促使其灭亡的因素，又是其赖以存在的因素。第二，新事物是代表事物的发展方向，适应当前和未来的发展条件，具有强大的生命力和远大的发展前途的事物。旧事物是违反事物发展规律，逐渐丧失其存在的必然性、日趋灭亡的事物。第三，新生事物吸取了旧事物的优点，又克服了其缺点，还增加了旧事物所没有的新内容，因而优越于旧事物。第四，在社会领域中，新生事物代表历史发展的方向，符合广大人民的根本利益，所以最终能得到广大人民的`拥护和支持。新事物战胜旧事物要经历一个曲折发展的过程。社会主义必将战胜资本主义，这是社会发展的必然趋势。但这一过程是艰难曲折的，有时还会出现暂时的复辟、倒退，这是社会发展曲折性的表现。

②在考察事物时，要同时看到它的肯定方面和否定方面，不能肯定一切或否定一切。对待古代文化遗产，要批判地继承;对待外国东西，要选择地吸收。建设和发展中国特色社会主义，必须大胆吸取人类社会包括资本主义社会所创造的一切文明成果，同时坚决地批判和反对其腐朽东西。

考研政治理论复习方法指导

学习任何知识，只有在事先掌握好理论内容的基础上，才能在做题中很好地结合实际来解答问题。由此点引出，政治理论的复习不应该只是一种知识的灌输，而应是一种意识形态的灌输。而政治理论是为现实服务的，当然要根据现实的理念来进行复习和掌握。建议同学们在政治理论的复习上遵从一下两点方法：

一、理解基础上记忆

政治包含有很多的原理和方法论，对于理科生来说这些知识理解起来会比较费力，文科的学生学起来也不见得多容易。因此，大家一定先理解，弄懂了再加深记忆，使之成为自己的东西，这样考生才能在实际解题中灵活运用。

复习之初，侧重于理解，并作必要的记忆;冲刺阶段，侧重于记忆，也要深化理解。对于一些最基本的知识点，如基本概念的定义和基本含义，对每个基本原理的主要论点，对一些重要著作的主要内容，对一些主要的历史事件、重要会议和重要人物，是必须记住的，而且要记得准确。但是，单纯靠记忆也不行，还要有理解。

理解很重要——宏观上理解各个科目内容安排背后的逻辑体系，微观上理解知识点的定义、阐述等等。例如，马克思主义哲学内容不多，从哲学基本问题出发，从世界物质性到世界的联系、发展及其规律，从人的实践活动到认识的本质和过程到人类社会的本质和基本结构，两条主线。再如，马克思主义政治经济学，从商品出发(因为商品是商品社会的元素)，到商品交换价值、价值、劳动二重性、特殊商品——货币、特殊货币——资本、资本运行过程、资本积累过程、各种类型资本及其运行过程、垄断资本。其背后的逻辑体系还是很明确定的，只是在某些细节方面较难理解。

政治理论的考查要点内容多，考生如果只是死记硬背难以凑效，只有理解了才能记得住、记得准确，并且会论证和运用。所以，同学们一定要在理解的基础上加强记忆，这才是复习理论的最科学方法之一。

二、全面基础上抓重点

政治理论试题多，覆盖面广，这就要求考生必须全面复习，特别是早期复习，对考试大纲列出的考查知识点一定要都复习到，不能心存侥幸，去押几道题。开始复习时，考生们一定要根据考试大纲规定的考查知识范围，对所有课程内容一部分一部分、一章一章地学习。

在全面复习的基础上还要重点掌握，深入复习一些问题，这些问题往往是各门课程本身的重点问题。特别是新增知识点中紧密结合实际的一些热点问题，这在复习后期，需要格外注意。

工具书是考研复习的必要辅助，要想在初级阶段牢固掌握政治理论，几本好的参考书是必须的，一般政治理论的复习是必需配备一本政治大纲解析和一本试题型的资料。一本正规的政治大纲解析基本囊括了五门课程的所有重点和基本内容，所以，大家要想复习好理论这样的一本书是必不可少的，试题型的资料则可以检验大家政治理论的复习效果。