托福写作优劣文章对比

2023-04-11

第一篇:托福写作优劣文章对比

原创托福独立写作分类+文章写作

独立写作

Paragraph 1

改写题目,用引发读者兴趣的语言表明全文的主旨。

展开(开门见山、下定义、设问、排比、引谚语、引数据、欲扬先抑) Paragraph 2

Topic Sentence——引出第一个分论点 展开(事例、列举、比较、因果、假设、让步) Paragraph 3

Topic Sentence——引出第二个分论点 展开(事例、列举、比较、因果、假设、让步) Paragraph 4

Topic Sentence——引出第三个分论点 展开(事例、列举、比较、因果、假设、让步) Paragraph 5

再次总结观点。

结尾(提出警告、展望未来、权衡利弊、引用名言、反问加强)

观点的选择:尽量选择一方,中立也要有所倾向。

2. 分类梳理(形式分类下每类写3篇全文,内容分类下每类写3篇思路):

①Agreeing or Disagreeing

Passage 1

What does the word “game” mean to you? Different people can tell different answers. Some may say “Game means to win”, and others may say “Game means to challenge ourselves.” However, in my point of view, having fun and enjoying the process are always the real meaning of the “game”. Accordingly, playing a game is fun no matter you lose or win, as long as you join it heart and soul.

First and foremost, participants are able to get great joy during the process of the game. A proverb has it that “the most important thing is to participate”. So even though the final result is not very satisfactory, or even worse, we can still find something precious and enjoyable when we join the game. For instance, I played a geography game with my classmates during the summer camp last year. Each group was asked to follow several clues and find the final destination with a GPS receiver. Though we came from different nations, my partners and I discussed thoroughly and cooperated closely. We successfully found the final position in a short time. Even though we only made it third, in other word we actually lost the game, we still had great fun and felt really proud of our dedicate collaboration.

Furthermore, beside success, failure can also teach us a lot and those we learned from failures may turn into greater happiness later. Life is always filled with bitter and sweet, so one can never expect to win all the time, even in the game. Although feeling frustrated and depressed, we can always draw some lessons and get precious experiences from those failures or debacles. It looks as if we lost a game, but in fact we acquired so many knowledge and skills which would help us a lot in the future and had a better understanding of our life. For example, a gifted basketball player might be selfish and overconfident when he enters a team. But after a fiasco, he is sure to understand that basketball is game of 5 people and start to enjoy the close collaboration with his teammates.

In conclusion, although victory can give us great happiness, it is not the only fun we can have from games. If we can treat failures with a positive attitude, we will be more likely to get greater achievements and joy in the future.

②Stating a Preference

Passage 1

“Every bean has its black”, as the saying goes. The rapid development of automobile industry has p more and more choices to consumers and made the transportation much more convenient than it used to be. Even though the prosperity of automobiles has also caused some thorny problems, I believe that its benefits are so great that it will be unfair to neglect them and emphasize the negative effects only.

Imagine living in a metropolis where neither cars nor buses can be available. How terrible could this be? It’s automobiles that has improved modern transportation greatly and connected different parts of the land together. Although more and more people choose to get work on foot or by bicycle, in order to reduce the air pollution, there are still over 80% of people, according to a recent survey, travel by automobile in the morning. Thus, automobiles are still the first choice when people go out because they’re fast, convenient and safe. There’s no doubt that automobiles have played such an important, even irreplaceable, role in the transportation nowadays that they are considered as a fundamental element of modern life.

On the other hand, it’s true that the development of automobiles has caused a series of issues. For example, cars all over the world will produce millions of tons of carbon dioxide each year, a number that is huge enough to increase the greenhouse effect and further heat up the Earth. Many other serious environmental problems like floods and droughts might come about afterwards. However, I have to say that though it looks as if those negative effects are inevitable, it doesn’t mean we have no idea to reach a balance between development and environment friendly. Many scientist and engineers are striving for a breakthrough in developing a new fuel that is clean, efficient, and

cheap. We have good reasons to believe that one day people will find the final answer to the conflict caused by automobiles and achieve real sustainable development.

As I have mentioned above, pollutions, traffic jam, noises, all of these can be great challenges for the development of automobiles. However, we cannot deny that automobiles have made significant contributions towards the modern society.

③Giving an Explanation

Passage 1

“Each has his own ideal”, as the saying goes. Different people may have different answer to the question “why do people attend universities?” Expecting to learn some advanced knowledge, dreaming about experiencing something new or exciting, meeting some lifetime friends. All of these can be reasons why people attend colleges and universities. However, in my opinion, people attend college or university mainly to find their real interest and design a blueprint for their own future, including their careers, workplaces, families, etc.

First of all, students are usually mature enough to start thinking about their future when they attend college or university. Take one of my friends, Inn, as an example. Inn always had many different thoughts when he was a high school student. He initially wanted to be a scientist, then an engineer like his father, and finally he told me that he found an interest in psychology when he graduated from high school. However, when he attended the university and really got the chance to think over and design his own future, he found that his real interest is architecture. So he chose architecture and design as his major and did an excellent job during his undergraduate studies. Now he’s pursuing for his graduate degree and preparing to go abroad to study with his girlfriend. It is university that gives Inn, as well as other people, I suppose, a chance to plan and prepare for their future carefully and helps them lead a

happy life.

So it’s right time for people to plan for their journey in front when they enter university and, in fact, university is the very place where they can choose their own directions freely and follow their bent. There are thousands of universities all over the world and in each country there are some good universities for its people to get high-quality education and prepare for their career. What’s more, each university or colleges consists of many different departments and schools so that it can offer students a large amount of courses in different areas. Accordingly, universities and colleges are ideal places for students to find a right track for their life and pursuing for the excellence on their own way.

In conclusion, as I have shown above, I think people attend college or university mainly for a good chance to find their life goals.

④Making an Argument

Passage 1

The Mid-autumn day, which is endowed with lots of meanings by Chinese people, is considered as one of the most important festivals in China. On this day, Chinese families will have a reunion and share a wonderful night together. Among all the activities we will do on the Mid-autumn day, viewing the moon is undoubtedly the most indispensible one. Just as the festival itself, moon-viewing is also granted with many beautiful feelings by Chinese people. So the Mid-autumn festival is the custom that I would like people from other countries to adopt.

First of all, the Moon on the Mid-autumn day is always the most beautiful one of the year. Not only because its brightness and fullness, but also its beauty and clearness can be shared by the whole family. On the dusk of Mid-autumn day, a bright Moon will come over the horizon as soon as the Sun goes down. Thus as long as the sky is clear, the Moon can be seen all night on Mid-autumn. That is to say, whenever the families go out, they can always find the gorgeous moon in the sky. Nowadays, people are always too busy to spend their precious time staying with their families; the Mid-autumn day, however, offers people a wonderful chance to have a family reunion

and communicate with their families. It would be such a nice thing if the family sat down together in the yard and watched the Moon blissfully.

If Moon viewing had the only meaning of family reunion or festival celebration, it wouldn’t be so widely considered as one of the most enjoyable event. When people look at the Moon on the Mid-autumn day, they are often amazed and they would immerse themselves in thought under the moonlight. The raw beauty and clearness of the Moon can always stir them to the depth of their souls and evoke the tenderest emotions in their hearts. Su Shi, one of the most famous poets in China, wrote down his best-known composition under the mid-autumn moon. People living in foreign places may also think of their family and friends in the far-away land; on the Mid-autumn night, when they look up the sky, the dazzling moon can be such a consolation.

In conclusion, as I’ve said above, viewing the moon on the Mid-autumn day is such an enjoyable tradition for Chinese people that I would like to introduce this beautiful custom to people from other countries. I hope all the people can find their beautiful “moon” on Mid-autumn night, as well as the precious emotions in their life.

第二篇:美国大学本科申请 托福vs雅思申请优劣谈

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美国大学本科申请:托福vs雅思申请优劣谈

常常听准备申请美国留学的学生抱怨说托福不好报名,又说听到一些培训的老师讲托福比雅思难,所以考雅思容易些。反正雅思也被美国的大学广泛接受,看似一样,为什么不考一个容易一点的呢?

那么考雅思对美国大学的申请会有什么影响,是否真的做到和考托福一样公平一致,下面资深留学专家来给大家分析一下。

先看申请美国本科大学的要求。在美国usnews&worldreport2012Top10的大学名单里面,所有学校都接受托福成绩,要求基本上最低是100+(麻省理工是90+),而雅思却有不少学校说no.这些学校分别是普林斯顿大学、加州理工学院、麻省理工大学、斯坦福大学,另外还有一所极不情愿接受但是学生如果在特殊情况下只能考雅思可以根据情况的特殊性而定,这所学校是宾夕法尼亚大学。这么一看有一半的学校至少在2013年秋季的申请中还是无法接受雅思成绩,如果是目标极高的同学,考了雅思可能就错过了这些名校的申请。

再看托福和雅思的分数对比,一般我们会默认托福100雅思7分,托福90雅思6.5分,托福80雅思6分,托福70雅思5.5,以下以此类推。但美国大学在公布雅思的要求时明显不是按照这个套路出牌的,比如所有的能接受本科申请的加州大学的9个校区对托福的要求最高不超过83分,而对雅思的要求全部是7分,二者的悬殊巨大,其他要求悬殊的大学还有乔治亚大学托福80雅思

7、新泽西州立大学逻各斯校区托福79雅思

7、密苏里大学(该校要求托福61雅思6.5)。前100名的美国大学直录要求中托福最低为71分,而前100的美国大学中雅思没有学校低于6分的。

可见考雅思的同学申请加州的大学的门槛分数要求比托福高太多了。

最后还要一点要注意的是,无论是托福还是雅思,有些学校不仅要求总分,还可能会有各个单项的要求,比如伍斯特理工学院、东北大学、爱荷花大学等学校总分要求6.5分,单科要求每个部分不低于6分。

在准备自己的本科申请时,一定要清楚的了解到每个学校的具体分数要求,做到心中有数。在中国学生分数一年比一年高的形势下,盲目申请撞运气的机会已经十分渺茫了。

资料来源:教育优选 http:///

第三篇:水泵节能工艺的优劣对比

节能减排已经成中国经济发展规划纲要的主要内 容,尤其对电力、钢铁、有色、石油化工、水处理等 工业领域高耗能企业提出了更加严格的减排目标。水 泵作为工业核心流体输送设备,占据着耗能的主要部 分,已经成为节能工作首要需解决的问题。传统的节能方式主要有变频与改变构造,长期的发展以经没有更大的提升空间陷入瓶颈状态。

传统水泵节能工艺主要为三种:

1. 改变泵体构造,即抛去旧泵重新购买新型泵比如电磁泵等,由于技术有改

进,水泵效率确实可以得到提高,只是因此产生的设备浪费与高昂的金钱

成本往往太高,使很多企业难以承受。

对电机进行变频改造,即添加一变频器,但这种情况不能一概而论,必须

在水泵运行在大马拉小车的情况下才能见效,否则效果会恰如其反

造成出水量与扬程的下降

改变流体效率,水泵的生产工艺千差万别,除材质的区别外,粗糙程度也

大大影响泵体效率,长时间运行难以避免气蚀与污垢的产生,在泵

体内部产生具大的阻力损失,这部分利用高分子超滑涂层可大大体

现在流量与扬程的提高,用电量的下降,出色的效果可节能20%。 2. 3.

高分子超滑金属涂层 是由美国高分子公司出品的一种饮用水的涂层系统(泵节能改造),可提高流体设备效率,并保护设备防止化学腐蚀。该(泵节能改造)材料经检验达到美国国家卫生组织(ANS/NSF61)标准并符合英国供水规定第25款中的饮用水标准。1999年11月,国家城市供水水质检测网武汉检测站也对送检的超滑涂层(泵节能改造)浸泡液出具了符合国家饮用水卫生标准的检测报告(990111——

1),所以高分子超滑涂层(泵节能改造)材料可广泛用于城市给水系统。

高分子超滑涂层(泵节能改造)材料是由基本原料和加固原料两种组分组成的高分子抗磨材料。

高分子超滑涂层(泵节能改造)材料具有表面光滑、粗糙度小的特性,表1为超滑涂层(泵节能改造)材料与其它不同材料表面粗糙的对比数据。从表1可以看出,超滑涂层(泵节能改造)材料的表面粗糙度要比其它几种材料小一个或几个数量级,所以可在流体设备内产生光滑的表面,减少涡流的产生。

第四篇:条码打印软件与条码打印机的优劣对比

说到条码标签打印,肯定离不开条码打印软件或者条码打印机。目前,打印条码标签有两种方式:条码打印机打印方式和软件配合激光打印机方式。两种方式各有优缺点,并且各有其理想的适用场合。那究竟该怎么选择呢?下面就条码打印软件与条码打印机得优劣列举一二。以作对比。

先说条码打印机打印:条码打印机打印方式是一种传统的条码打印方式。条码打印机是一种专用设备,一般有热敏型和热转印型打印方式,使用专用的标签纸和碳带。条码打印机打印速度快,可打印特殊材料(PVC等),可外接切刀等进行功能扩展,但打印机价格和耗材较贵(专用的标签纸和色带),功能单一只能作为打印标签使用,维护复杂,对标签宽度有一定的限制,适合于需大量制作标签的专业用户使用。目前常用的品牌有DATAMAX、ZEBRA、CLEVER等。

其次使用条码标签设计打印软件与激光打印机打印:应用普通的打印机配合专门的条码标签设计打印软件是制作条码标签的另一种方式。该方式可实现一机多用,打印精度高,激光打印机一般在600DPI,条码识别率高,图形表现能力强,设计操作简单,一次打印数量多,可以大批量打印,成本较低,且可打印彩色标签。但其打印速度较慢,打印机容易发热,且可打印材料较少。主要的条码打印软件有LabelPainter、CODESOFT、BARONE等。

根据上面的比较,两者各有优缺点,分别适用于不同的场合:在需大量打印标签的地方,特别是工厂需在短时间内大量打印以及需要特殊标签(如PVC材料、防水材料)、需要即用即打(如售票处等)的地方,应选择条码打印机。在标签打印量较少,且多为一次性打印的地方(如图书馆),应选择激光打印方式。在外观上,普通打印机打印的条码是使用小圆点组成的,在放大后有明显的凹凸感,当条码窄条很窄时,这种情况尤为突出,而且窄条的浓度会很淡。而条码打印机的打印头上的点是矩形的,所以条码打印机打印的条码是用实线组成,不会出现上面的问题。在一些小型商场、小型工厂等地方,两种方式都可选择。

也就是说,如果您经常大量打印标签,或对标签有特殊要求,且您的财力又允许,您应选择条码打印机;如您的标签打印量不很大,财力上又不想花费太多,您应选择激光打印机。利用软件和激光打印方式,不仅能满足您条码标签打印的需求,还能用它来制作名片、胸卡、打印信函签等。

归根到底,条码打印软件也是要连接打印机的。不过像LabelPainter这样专业的条码打印软件支持多种打印机对接,在设计上似乎又比条码打印机要灵活的多。究竟是谁更技高一筹?事实是条码打印软件与条码打印机各有所长,用户也只需各取所需罢了。

第五篇:从钓鱼岛事件的相关报道看——新媒体与传统媒体的优劣对比(讲稿)[最终版]

第1张

大家好,我是****班***组的 袁仑伦,很高心有机会在这里做这个演讲。我这次演讲的题目是《从钓鱼岛事件相关报道看 新媒体与传统媒体的 优劣对比》 (点一下鼠标)

第2张

这次的钓鱼岛事件,由于日本执意要购买钓鱼岛,而使得整个事件急剧升温,不论是报刊,杂志类的传统媒体,还是各大门户网站,都用头版进行了大篇幅的报道。

(点一下鼠标)

由于时间关系,我只收集了一部分报道的页面。左边是以环球时报为代表的传统媒体,右边是以网易,搜狐为代表的新媒体。网络技术的发展使人们信息的获取方式已经不仅仅局限于报刊、杂志等平面媒体。各种基于互联网技术的新媒体为我们提供了更多的选择。

像主权问题这种具有极高关注度的话题,各种媒体都想方设法提供最及时,最生动的报道。但是由于传播技术和媒介的不同,传统媒体、和各类新媒体都形成了各自鲜明的特点。 (点一下鼠标) 第3张

首先以《环球时报》为代表介绍一下传统媒体。《环球时报》是由人民日报社主办的一份时事新闻媒体,创刊于1993年,单期发行量超过200万份。其上面的文章具有相当大的影响力。

报纸行业经过多年的发展,已经相当的成熟。其采编、发行和经营三个关键环节已经形成了完整的行业标准。

上面的文章多为特约记者所写,提供的内容经过层层筛选,质量较优。且多以原创内容为主。

从这些文章的标题可以看到,其中的内容有一定的权威性,并且有明显的引导社会舆论的作用。

其次,这些报纸大多经过多年的发展,积累了相当数量的读者,并且在受众心中具有较高的地位,具有较强的影响力 (点一下鼠标)

第四张

(点一下鼠标)

这张环球时报是出版于14日的。 (点一下鼠标)

但是可以看到其中文章所讲的事件发生于13号和12号 (点一下鼠标)

可以看到,对于报纸这种传统媒体,其内容有一定的延迟,时效性略有不足。 且其中的内容形式比较单一,几乎完全是文字,图片很少,并且也是黑白的。 读者处于被动接受的地位,完全由报社决定读到的信息。 而且,互动内容几乎没有,报社也很难获得读者的反馈信息。 (点一下鼠标) 第五张

对于像杂志这样的传统媒体,其专业化程度更高,内容更加丰富,选择更加严格,文章质量更好。

像期刊和杂志等媒体,其权威性和影响力还要高于报纸。

不过由于其发行速度相当缓慢,即使是周刊,看到的信息也可能都是数天前的了。更不用说那些半月刊,月刊,时效性就更差。所以这些杂志的卖点也不在于及时报道的新闻,而是对事件的深入分析。通过高质量的文章来弥补时效性上的不足。 其次,这些媒体都有缺乏互动性的问题。文章的内容完全由少数精英来决定,媒体和读者之间是相对割裂的,媒体很难精确地掌握读者的特征和偏好。这就导致传统媒体只能采取分众式模式,即在用户选择有所取舍。 (点一下鼠标) 第六张

传统媒体或多或少的存在这样或那样的缺点,像,其内容形式单一,时效性不足,缺少互动,这些固有的缺点是很难克服的。 (点一下鼠标) 然而 随着互联网技术的发展, (点一下鼠标)

新的媒体形式诞生了,这些新媒体借助网络的渠道进行传播,具有很多传统媒体无法比拟的优势 (点一下鼠标) 第七张

图上展示的是一些我们所熟知的 新媒体和 传统媒体。 这些新媒体的出现,在很大程度上改变了人们的阅读习惯。 (点一下鼠标)

首先,从被动阅读状态到互动阅读状态。囿于技术的限制,传统阅读状态大多是被动的,而借助于新技术互动阅读成为可能,读者为了体现自身的价值和发表自身的观点,更可以参与其中,是阅读变成一种互动的过程。

其次,新媒体更加重视阅读体验。随着技术的进步,新媒体给用户带来了越来越好、越来越丰富的用户体验,读者也更重视阅读体验。

还有,新媒体由于成本的相对低廉、海量的空间和互动体验,更为重要的是可以通过互联网技术来分析每个读者的阅读习惯和倾向,进而为每个读者提供量身定做的个性化和定制化的信息,也更好地满足了读者的需求。

虽然报纸和广播电视等传统媒体也通过厚报分叠化和多频道化等手段提供一定程度的差异化产品,但是囿于版面和频道资源以及成本的限制,其只能提供较为标准和统一化的信息。 (点一下鼠标) 第八张

传统媒体的传播机制是一点对多点或者说是点对面的传播机制,在这种传播机制下,控制版面或者媒体稀缺资源的精英人士掌控着信息源,更掌控着话语权。可以通过控制信息传播源头轻易地控制传播内容。 新媒体的传播机制是多点对多点、全立体的传播机制。

从图中可以看出,在新媒体的传播机制下,信息源和受众之间的角色逐渐模糊,传统意义上的信息源在发布信息的同时,通过和受众的互动本身也成为了信息的接受者;受众在一定意义上也成为信息源,例如通过博客和微博等手段,很多受众自身成为信息的发布者,信息的提供开始逐步走向自组织和自生产阶段。 (点一下鼠标) 第九张

下面用各大门户网站来举例说明: (点一下鼠标)

可以看到上面信息的实时性非常高,使读者可以在第一时间获得各种资讯。 (点一下鼠标)

其内容的来源很广泛,还有很多从其他各种媒体转载的消息 (点一下鼠标)

还有专家,政客从各种角度的评论,解读 (点一下鼠标)

并且,报道图文并茂,非常生动 (点一下鼠标)

第十张

这是在文章旁边配属相关视频, 新媒体传播的信息形式更加多元

为读者提供更加丰富的体验 (点一下鼠标)

第十一张

在每一篇文章的下方都会有一个评论区, 给读者提供了一个相互交流的平台

(点一下鼠标)

在文章旁边的滚动条使得新闻和微博相通 读者可以随时了解别人的的观点。

(点一下鼠标)

这些门户网站上的新闻专区,通过对各种资源的整合, 使原来被动的阅读变成互动的阅读 给用户带来了更好的阅读体验

从这里我们可以看到互联网,包容和互动的精神 (点一下鼠标)

第十二张

这个是每一篇文章下方都有的相关文章推荐,通过受众所阅读的文章,自动推荐与之相关的内容,更好地满足用户的个性化需求,提高了阅读的效率。

(点一下鼠标)

有很多门户网站都使用移动互联网技术,通过手机客户端,来进行信息的传播

大大的丰富了信息的传播渠道和方式

(点一下鼠标)

文章下方,与各大社交网站相连。

改变了原来的信息源由少数精英掌握的传播模式,每一个人都可以成为信息的发布者。

通过社交网站进行多点对多点、全立体的传播。

(点一下鼠标) 第十三张

虽然新媒体有这么多的优点,但还是存在着一些不足 (点一下鼠标)

首先,互联网上信息量巨大,各类信息相互混杂。审核力度相形见绌,难以进行全面的收集和审查。

(点一下鼠标)

因此,这也对对受众提出了更高的要求。需要读者有一定的甄别能力。 需要读者去检索信息,而不是像原来那样,有别人选好了送到自己面前。需要读者去判断信息是否有用,并且不能受到不良信息的影响。 (点一下鼠标)

互联网上的很多报道实时性很强,却缺少深入的分析。 很多报道就像下面这样,只是对事实的描述,缺少深入的分析。 (点一下鼠标) 互联网上,互相转载的内容偏多,原创内容相对缺乏。互联网上一旦有好的文章就会被各大网站反复转载。而不是像传统的媒体那样去追求原创、优质的内容。

(点一下鼠标)

相比起传统媒体,报道的质量有待提高,权威性有所不足。

(点一下鼠标) 第十四张

最后我还想说一下新媒体时代的发展方向。

随着互联网技术的发展,我们已经经入了Web2.0时代。现在更加注重与用户的交互。

信息的交流是双向的,用户既是网站内容的浏览者,也是网站内容的制造者。

类似社交网站(人人、facebook)、新浪微博等应用正式瞄准了这一需求。

(点一下鼠标)

互联网技术的发展,使得门户网站已经不是网民上网的第一入口。

用户完全可以从搜索引擎或者社交网站的链接来找到相关的信息。 (点一下鼠标)

门户网站主要提供目录和搜索等服务,当前,该模式就显得相对单

一、很容易被代替,缺少用户黏附性。

而社交网站可以通过用户的社交网络形成用户群,从而产生极大地用户粘性

(点一下鼠标)

新一代的社交网站,将新闻、视频、游戏等整合进来,并且可以根据用户的喜好进行个性化的推送。为每个读者提供量身定做的个性化和定制化的信息,也更好地满足了读者的需求。 (点一下鼠标)

社交网络和手机客户端相结合,深入到人们生活的各个角落。

我相信社交网络的这些优点在一定程度上克服了传统媒体和门户网站等新媒体的缺陷,一定会让其在新的网络时代大放异彩。

谢谢大家,我的演讲完了。 (鞠躬)

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