论文题目：英语文化负载词生态翻译研究
摘要：语言是人类文化载体,由语句结构、词语意义、语用等因素组成,其中词语意义作用最大,从侧面反映了一个民族悠久历史文化、思维行为与表达方式。文化负载词（culture-loaded words）不仅具有丰富文化内涵,还单一存在于某种特定文化,从三个方面反映其独特语言特征:一是属于一个国家自然地域环境特有的;二能客观映射民族物质文化发展、宗教信仰与风俗习惯;三是一些源语与译入语词汇空缺或不等值的。生态翻译学是由胡庚申教授提出的跨学科交叉理论,生态学与翻译学交叉点在生态环境与翻译语境,既是一种“喻指”,又是一种“实指”。“喻指”是将翻译生态与自然生态作隐喻类比而进行整体性研究,而“实指”是取向于译者与翻译生态环境相互关系研究,特别是译者在翻译生态中生存境遇和能力发展研究,其核心是探讨译者与翻译生态环境互动关系。其新颖翻译范式与方法,近几年成为学者关注热点。论文以英语文化负载词生态翻译为主线,通过文献法、案例分析法与调查法,针对自然地域环境、宗教、习俗及词语空缺等四类文化负载词生态翻译案例进行讨论,研究译者在语言维、文化维和交际维三个维度下对文化负载词的适应与选择,探索与总结相关文化负载词生态翻译方法,从而拓展与推进英语文化负载词翻译理论与实践。经研究与调查发现:英语文化负载词众多翻译案例,语言维适应体现在汉英语法结构与用词选择差异,译者采用直译及归化译保留原语特色及汉语特有四字格形式,从而达到语言维适应性选择转换;文化维翻译体现对英语宗教、习俗与文化等元素处理,译者结合直译（音译）+释义、融合、套译、转换等翻译方法,有效传达文化负载词涵义,使其适应目的语宗教和习俗文化,达到文化维适应性选择转换;交际维翻译体现为传达原文交际意图,译者对词汇空缺采用融合翻译方法,语义空缺采用转换、套译、适应等翻译方法,避免跨文化交际障碍,从而达到交际维适应性选择转换。本文还通过对200名英语专业及320名非英语专业本科生的调查,发现了英语文化负载词生态翻译与方法的普及与应用方面问题,并提出相应策略。综上,我们认为,英语文化负载词生态翻译,是一个全新的研究视角,创新传统英语翻译理论与方法;译者在生态翻译三维选择与转换,能传达与分析英汉文化负载词翻译发展与精髓,各类翻译方法能忠实、达意与适切地揭示生态与翻译密切关系;开展循环阐释、持续解读从而达到再创造,使读者更能理解中西文化跨文化差异;本研究丰富了翻译学理论和英汉文化负载词的相关研究,同时,为学生更好理解英语文化负载词内涵及生态翻译提供可操作策略,为推广生态翻译提供一些建议。
关键词：生态翻译学;英语文化负载词;生态翻译方法
学科专业：外国语言文学
摘要
Abstract
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Research Significance
1.3 Research Purpose
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Layout of the Thesis
Chapter2 Literature Review
2.1 Studies of Eco-translatology
2.1.1 Studies of Eco-translatology Abroad
2.1.2 Studies of Eco-translatology at Home
2.2 Studies of Translation of English Culture-loaded Words
2.2.1 Studies of Translation of English Culture-loaded Words Abroad
2.2.2 Studies of Translation of English Culture-loaded Words at Home
2.3 Studies of English Culture-loaded Words from the Perspective ofEco-translatology Abroad and at Home
2.4 Summary
Chapter3 Theoretical Framework and Research Methods
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Eco-translatology
3.1.2 English Culture-loaded Words
3.2 Development of Eco-translatology
3.3 Key Concepts of Eco-translatology
3.3.1 Translational Eco-environment
3.3.2 Translator Centeredness
3.3.3 Adaptation and Selection
3.4 Three-dimensional Transformations in Eco-translatology
3.4.1 Transformation of Linguistic Dimension in Eco-translatology
3.4.2 Transformation of Cultural Dimension in Eco-translatology
3.4.3 Transformation of Communicative Dimension in Eco-translatology
3.5 The Relationship between English Culture-loaded Words and Eco-translatology
3.6 Research Methods
3.6.1 Literature Analysis Method
3.6.2 Case Analysis Method
3.6.3 Questionnaire Survey
3.6.4 Research Design
Chapter4 The Application of Eco-translatology in the Translation of EnglishCulture-loaded Words
4.1 The Features and Classifications of English Culture-loaded Words
4.1.1 Features of English Culture-loaded Words
4.1.2 Classifications of English Culture-loaded Words
4.2 Cases Analysis of Translator Centeredness in the Translation of EnglishCulture-loaded Words
4.2.1 Translator’s Adaptation
4.2.2 Translator’s Selection
4.2.3 Translator’s Transformation
4.3 Cases Analysis and Translation Methods of Three-dimensional Transformationsof English Culture-loaded Words
4.3.1 Linguistic-dimensional Transformation of English Culture-loaded Words
4.3.2 Cultural-dimensional Transformation of English Culture-loaded Words
4.3.3 Communicative-dimensional Transformation of English Culture-loaded Words
4.4 Questionnaire Survey and Data Analysis of Application of Ecological Translationof English Culture-loaded Words
4.4.1 The Application of Ecological Translation Methods of English Culture-loaded Words
4.4.2 The Application of Ecological Translation of English Culture-loadedWords Based on English and Non-English Majors
4.4.3 The Application of Ecological Translation of English Culture-loadedWords Based on Majors Having Translation Course Training
4.4.4 The Application of Ecological Translation of English Culture-loaded Words Based on Majors Having Translation Course Training under the Same Major
Chapter5 Conclusion
5.1 Major Findings
5.1.1 The Relationship between Eco-translatology and the Translation of EnglishCulture-loaded Words
5.1.2 The Feasibility of Applying Three-dimensional Transformation in theTranslation of English Culture-loaded Words
5.1.3 Ecological Translation Methods of English Culture-loaded Words
5.1.4 The Situation of the Application and Popularization of Ecological Translation Methods
5.2 Implications and Suggestions
5.3 Limitations
5.4 Suggestions for Further Research
Bibliography
Appendix 关于《英语文化负载词生态翻译》的调查问卷
Acknowledgements
Papers Published During the Study for M.A. Degree