虚拟语气高考考点解读

虚拟语气高考考点解读（精选3篇）

虚拟语气高考考点解读 第1篇

【专题导航】

2013年高考在考查虚拟语气时主要考查了虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用, 如北京卷、安徽卷、江苏卷、天津卷、重庆卷等; 其次考查了虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用, 如陕西卷、浙江卷; 再次考查了在语境中用“情态动词 + 完成时”表达虚拟语气的用法, 如福建卷。另外, 考生还应学习掌握虚拟语气在其他固定句式中的使用。

考点一: 考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件, 主句会产生一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。请看下表:

例如:

①If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话, 它会帮助我们的。 ( 对现在的虚拟)

②If the hurricane had happened during the day time, there would have been many more deaths. 倘若飓风发生在白天, 那么死亡的人数还会多得多。 ( 对过去的虚拟)

③If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话, 他就会充分利用他的时间了。

( 对将来的虚拟)

【典例1】I should not have laughed if I _____you were serious. ( 2013年江苏卷)

A. thought B. would think

C. had thought D. have thought

【解析】C。句意为: 如果我早知道你是严肃的, 我就不应该笑了。根据should not have laughed可以判断, 这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时, 故选C。

【典例2】This washing machine is of good quality. If it______break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. would B. should

C. could D. might

【解析】B。句意为: 这台洗衣机的质量很好。如果在第一年里出了故障, 我们将免费修理。根据语境可知, 这是对将来的一种假设。在条件句中对将来的虚拟, 谓语动词可以使用“should + 动词原形”, 也可以使用“过去时”或“were to + 动词原形”。因此正确选项为B。

易错易混点归纳:

以下几种特例应引起考生注意:

1. 省略if的虚拟条件句应使用部分倒装语序

如果在条件句中含有were, had或should, 可将if省略, 然后将were, had或should移至主语之前, 构成部分倒装。例如:

①Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议召开, 我会来的。

②Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded. 如果我们 ( 过去) 做了很大努力的话, 我们可能就获得成功了。

【典例1】Had they known what was coming next, they_____second thoughts. ( 2012年浙江卷)

A. may haveB. could have

C. must have hadD. might have had

【解析】D。句意为: 如果他们当时知道接下来会发生什么事, 他们有可能就会重新考虑了。本题含有一个省略了if的倒装句, 可还原为If they had known what was coming next, they _____second thoughts. 根据had known提示可知, 这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 因此虚拟语气主 句中应该 用“would/should/could/ might + have done”, 由此可知选项D符合语境。

【典例2】_____it rain, the crops would be saved.

A. Will B. Should

C. Would D. Could

【解析】B。句意为: 假如天下雨, 庄稼就会得救了。根据语境可知这是对将来的虚拟, 条件句中省略了if。对将来的虚拟, 条件句中谓语动词可以使用“should + 动词原形”, 也可以使用“过去时”或“were to + 动词原形”, 因此只有B项符合。还原后的句子为: If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

2. 混合条件句的虚拟语气

有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致, 这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。例如:

If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today. 如果昨天晚上下了雨的话, 今天就会非常凉爽了。 ( 条件句表示对过去的虚拟, 用过去完成 时; 主句表示 对现在的 虚拟, 用would / should + 动词原形)

【典例1】—It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.

—He would be still alive today if he _____that drug.

A. not take

B. shouldn't have taken

C. didn't take

D. hadn't taken

【解析】D。句意为: ———是毒品而不是疾病夺去了那个男孩的生命。———要是他以前不吸食毒品的话, 他今天还会活着。本题考查混合式虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反, 而主句与现在事实相反, 所以从句用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。

【典例2】If he had spent more time practis- ing speaking English before, he_____able to speak it much better now. ( 2013年天津卷)

A. will be

B. would be

C. has been

D. would have been

【解析】B。句意为: 如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语, 现在他就能说得更好了。这是一个混合虚拟条件句。if条件状语从句含有明显的过去时间状语before, 是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 谓语动词用过去完成时; 主句中有现在时的时间状语now, 表示与现在事实相反, 用“would + 动词原形”。故正确答案为B。

3. 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

( 1) 用连词otherwise, or, but等暗示条件。例如:

①I thought you would remain there for a while after the conference. Otherwise I wouldn't have bought you a single ticket. 我原以为你会后要在那儿逗留一段时间。要不然我就不会给你买单程票了。

②Mary could be prettier, but she doesn't care much about her clothes. 玛丽本可以更漂亮些, 但是她不太在乎衣着。

【典例1】We lost our way in that small vil- lage, otherwise we_____more places of in- terest yesterday. ( 2012年福建卷)

A. visited

B. had visited

C. would visit

D. would have visited

【解析】D。句意为: 我们在那个小村庄迷路了, 否则我们昨天就能游览更多的名胜古迹。句中的otherwise“否则, 要不然”, 引起的虚拟语气属于含蓄型, 由句中的时间状语yesterday可知是与过去事实相反, 此时主句用would have done形式。

【典例2】—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I_____late yesterday.

—Don't mention it.

A. should be

B. would be

C. will have been

D. would have been

【解析】D。句意为: ———谢谢你提醒我时间, 不然昨天我就迟到了。———不客气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事, 表示对过去的虚拟, 谓语动词要使用“would/should + 完成时”形式。

( 2) 用but for, without等介词短语表达条件。例如:

①Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 如果没有电, 人类现在的生活就会是另一个样子了。

②The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. 要不是因为船长的努力, 我们就会连船带人都沉没了。

【典例1】We____John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put B. will have put

C. would put D. would have put

【解析】D。句意为: 若不是因为他最近受伤, 我们就会把约翰的名字放进昨天的比赛名单中了。would have done表示对过去的虚拟, 含有遗憾的意味, 意思是“本来会做某事而没有做”。

【典例2】Without the help of my English teacher, I____the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

A. would win

B. would have won

C. would not win

D. would not have won

【解析】D。句意为: 要是没有英语老师的帮助, 我就不会在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句, 含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意, 表示与过去的事实相反, 故用与过去相反的虚拟语气, 因此D项符合题意。

考点二: 考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用

1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用

下列主语 从句中谓 语动词通 常用“ ( should) + 动词原形”:

( 1) It is necessary ( important, natural, strange, surprising) that例如:

①It is necessary that he be sent to hospital at once. 他有必要被立刻送往医院。

②It is strange that she should marry such a poor man. 她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋, 真是太奇怪了。

( 2) It is suggested ( desired, decided, or- dered, requested, proposed) that例如:

①It has been decided that the meeting be put off till next Saturday. 会议被决定推迟到下星期六举行。

②It is suggested that you ( should) spend more time in English. 你应该花更多的时间用于英语学习。

2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用

( 1) 在某些动词后的宾语从句中, 使用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。常见的动词有: 一个坚持 ( insist) ; 两个命令 ( order, command) ; 三条建议 ( advise, suggest, recommend) ; 四项要求 ( demand, require, request, ask) 。例如:

①He ordered that the medicine ( should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。

②She suggested that we ( should) leave ear- ly. 她建议我们早点动身。

【典例1】My mom suggests that we_____ eat out for a change this weekend. ( 2013年陕西卷)

A. should B. might

C. could D. would

【解析】A。句意为: 我的妈妈建议我们这个周末应该换个口味出去吃饭。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词 ( 如order, sug- gest, command等) 后面接从句时, 从句用虚拟语气, 谓语用should + do, should可以省略。

【典例2】Teachers recommend parents _____their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.

A. not allow B. do not allow

C. mustn't allow D. couldn't allow

【解析】A。句意为: 老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的小朋友骑自行车去学校。recommend ( 意为“建议”) 后接宾语从句时, 从句中应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”形式。

易错易混点归纳:

当suggest意为“暗示, 表明”, insist作“力言, 坚持 ( 认为) ”解时, 宾语从句不用虚拟语气。例如:

①His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。 ( 表“暗示, 表明”, 不用虚拟语气)

②He suggested that I ( should) stick to my decision. 他建议我坚持自己的决定。 ( 表“建议”用虚拟语气)

③Mike insisted that he had never stolen any- thing. 迈克坚持认为自己从来没偷任何东西。 ( 表“坚持认为”, 不用虚拟语气)

④We insisted that she ( should) go with us. 我们坚持她应该跟我们走。 ( 表“坚持”, 用虚拟语气)

【典例】

Jane's pale face suggested that she _____ill, and her parents suggested that she _____a medical examination.

A. be; should have

B. was; have

C. should be; had

D. was, has

【解析】B。本题第一个suggest意为“暗示, 表明”, 其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气; 第二个suggest意为“建议”, 其后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。

( 2) wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词有三种形式: 对现在的虚拟, 用过去时; 对过去的虚拟, 用过去完成时; 对将来的虚拟, 用“would / should + 动词原形”。例如:

①I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。

②How I wish I had seen her off at the sta- tion, but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了, 但我当时太忙了。

③I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。

【典例】—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

—I wish theyalways late.

A. weren't

B. hadn't been

C. wouldn't be

D. wouldn't have been

【解析】A。wish后的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气。题干中有always, 表明这是对现在的虚拟, 从句中应使用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。

易错易混点归纳:

由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多, 在使用上往往容易出错。

wish一般表示“希望, 但愿”, 表示不可能实现的愿望, 后接从句时要用虚拟语气; hope表示“希望”, 指可以实现的希望, 后接从句时用陈述语气。例如:

①The students hope that their football team will win the game. 学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。 ( 可能实现)

②I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在就能看到他。 ( 不可能实现)

3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

某些表示“建议”、“计划”、“命令”的名词 ( 如advice, order, demand, plan, proposal, sug- gestion, request等) 后的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓语动词常用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。例如:

①We all agreed to his suggestion that we ( should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们都同意他的到北京旅游观光的建议。

②My advice is that he do exercises first. 我的建议是他应该先做练习。

考点三: 在语境中考查“情态动词 + 完成时”表达的虚拟语气

近几年高考对虚拟语气的命题注重在特定语境中结合情态动词进行考查。

【典例1】—Do you think George has passed the driving test?

—No. If so, he____his car to our col- lege yesterday. ( 2013年福建卷)

A. would drive

B. drove

C. would have driven

D. had driven

【解析】C。本题在语境中考查虚拟语气。根据句意“如果这样的话 ( 乔治已经通过驾照考试) , 他昨天就驾车来我们大学了。”可知是对过去的虚拟。If so = If he had passed the driving test, 主句使用“情态动词 + have done”。故答案选择C项。

【典例2】I_____have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.

A. shouldn't B. needn't

C. couldn't D. mustn't

【解析】A。句意为: 我本来不应该看那部电影的, 它会使我做噩梦的。表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn't have done。

【典例3】Mark_____have hurried. Af- ter driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.

A. needn't B. wouldn't

C. mustn't D. couldn't

【解析】A。句意为: 迈克本来不必要那么匆忙的。在高速驾驶之后, 他提前半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境, 提前半个小时到达, 说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙, 所以用“needn't have done”结构, 表示“本来不必要做某事而实际上做了”。

易错易混点归纳:

“情态动词 + 完成时”可以表示对过去的推测, 也可以表达对过去的虚拟, 容易引起混淆, 需要在语境中仔细把握辨别。例如:

①She might have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。 ( 对过去的推测)

②If the weather hadn't been so bad, we might have gone out. 如果天气不是那么坏, 我们可能都出去了。 ( 对过去的虚拟)

考点四: 考查虚拟语气在其他固定句式中的使用

1. 虚拟语气用于It is ( high) time ( that) 句型中, that从句中的谓语动词用过去式 ( be用were) 或should + 动词原形, should不能省略, 意为“ ( 现在) 该到了…… 的时候了”。 例如:

It's high time that he went ( should go) to bed. 到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。

【典例】Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he_____something instead of just talk- ing. ( 2012年辽宁卷)

A. will doB. has done

C. doD. did

【解析】D。句意为: 杰克是一个很喜欢说大话的人。到了他做点事情, 而不是只讲大话的时候了。It's high time that是一个固定句型, that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should + 动词原形, should不能省略, 故选择D项。

易错易混点归纳:

1. It's ( high / about) time ( that) 不同于It's the first time ( that) 

2. It's ( high) time ( that) 句型中, that从句中应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用过去式 ( be用were) 或“should + 动词原形”, 其中的should不能省略, 意为“ ( 现在) 该到了……的时候了”。

3. It's the first time ( that ) 句意为 “是……的第一次”。其中 的名词time是“ ( 一) 次”的意思, 该结构中的the first也可换成the second/third等。当主句谓语用is/will be时, 从句用现在完成时; 主句谓语用was时, 从句用过去完成时。例如:

①I think it is high time that you made up your mind. 我认为到了你作出决定的时候了。

②It's high time they should take you serious- ly and they know it. 到了他们认真对待你的时候了, 他们应该清楚这一点。

③It will be the second time I've met him. 这将是我第二次遇见他。

④It was the first time this year he hadn't at- tended the class meeting. 这是他今年第一次缺席班会。

2. 虚拟语气用于would rather后的从句中, 用过去时表示现在或将来的情况, 用过去完成时表示过去的情况。例如:

①I would rather you went next Sunday. 我愿你下个星期天去。

②I would rather you hadn't done that. 我真希望你没做那件事。

【典例】George is going to talk about the ge-ography of his country, but I'd rather he _____more on its culture.

A. focusB. focused

C. would focusD. had focused

【解析】B。would rather后接从句应使用虚拟语气。表示对现在或将来的虚拟, 从句中的动词用过去时形式。

3. 虚拟语气用于as if ( as though) , even if ( even though) 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中, 对现在的虚拟, 用过去时; 对过去的虚拟, 用过去完成时。例如:

The two new-comers talked as if they had known each other for ages. 那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。

【典例】Don't handle the vase as if it ____made of steel.

A. isB. were

C. has beenD. had been

【解析】B。句意为: 拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气, 表示与事实相反的情况; 又由Don't handle可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气, 所以动词应使用一般过去时, be用were的形式。

易错易混点归纳:

1. as if ( as though ) 和even if ( even though) 表示真实语气还是虚拟语气的辨别。

2. as if ( as though ) 和even if ( even though) 既可以表示真实语气也可以表示虚拟语气, 须在语境中仔细辨别, 以便使用恰当的谓语动词形式。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时, 用真实语气; 当说话者认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时, 用虚拟语气。例如:

①It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。 ( 真实语气)

②He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 ( 虚拟语气)

③Even if I have to sell my house, I'll keep my business. 即使我卖掉房子, 我还是要继续我的事业。 ( 真实语气)

④It was a sword-thrust, received from twen- ty to twenty-four hours before, but nothing could have saved him even if ( though ) he had been tended without delay. 那是一处二十至二十四小时前被剑刺的伤口, 但是, 即使他当时得到及时的救护, 也没法挽救他的生命。 ( 虚拟语气)

3. 虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中, 其谓语动词的形式与wish后的宾语从句的动词形式相同。例如:

①If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

②If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

【典例】—Any information about your son?

—No, if only I____those tough words to him.

A. didn't say

B. hadn't said

C. shouldn't have said

D. couldn't have said

【解析】B。句意为: ———你儿子有什么消息了吗? ———没有。要是我没对他说那些粗鲁的话就好了。表示对过去的虚拟, 从句中应该使用过去完成时, 故答案为B。

【巩固与提高】

1. —I still haven't thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.

—It's time you____.

A. doB. did

C. hadD. would

2. — I've told everyone about it.

—Oh, I'd rather you ____.

A. don't B. hadn't

C. couldn't D. wouldn't

3. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn't rained, we___there by to- morrow.

A. can't getB. won't get

C. hadn't gotD. wouldn't get

4. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she____something she would regret later.

A. had saidB. said

C. might sayD. might have said

5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _____badly wounded and that he _____at once.

A. should be; be operated on

B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated

D. was; be operated on

6. I forget where I read the article, or I _____it to you now.

A. will show

B. would show

C. am going to show

D. am showing

7. —Why didn't you go to yesterday's meet- ing?

—I would have but I____too busy working on the important experiment.

A. had been B. was

C. were D. am

8. —Don't you think it necessary that he _____to Miami but to New York?

—I agree, but the problem is____he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what

9. The workers will go on strike if the de- mands they____put forward are turned down.

A. could B. would

C. / D. had

10. —Mary looks hot and dry.

—So____you if you had a high fever.

A. doB. are

C. willD. would

11. Mr Li required the computer equipment referred_____used in every classroom.

A. should be B. have to be

C. to be D. to being

12. —Yang Liwei has won great honor for our country.

—Who is Yang Liwei?

—What a question! It is surprising _____the first spaceman in China.

A. you didn't know our national hero

B. to you not to know him

C. you should know nothing about

D. you knew nothing about him

13. —What courses are you going to do next term?

—I don't know. But it's about time ____on something.

A. I'd decideB. I decided

C. I decideD. I'm deciding

14. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material____to its burning tempera- ture.

A. is heated B. will be heated

C. would be heater D. be heated

15. Robert wishes that he____busi- ness instead of history when he was in university.

A. studiesB. studied

C. has studiedD. had studied

16. My demand is that the information re- ferred to in my report_____to Mr. Brown without delay.

A. to be e-mailedB. e-mailed

C. be e-mailedD. being e-mailed

17. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he____to the meeting.

A. would comeB. came

C. would have comeD. had come

18. Without electricity human life____ quite different today.

A. is B. will be

C. would have been D. would be

19. If he had not gone out in the storm, he _____alive now.

A will beB. would be

C. would have beenD. is

20. If only I_____how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

A. knowB. would know

C. should knowD. knew

【答案与解析】

1. B。It's time ( that) 从句中应使用虚拟语气, 从句中的谓语动词用过去时或should + 动词原形, 不能用其他情态动词, 故选B项。

2. B。would rather后的从句中应使用虚拟语气, 此处用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。

3. A。even though引导的状语从句中应使用虚拟语气, 表示对过去的假设, 主句表示的是真实的情况, 故不能使用虚拟语气。

4. D。用连词otherwise暗示前面的条件, 句意为: 要是她没走开的话, 她可能就会说了以后会后悔的话。主句中表示对过去的虚拟, 用“would/should/might + 完成时”。

5. D。第一空“他受伤很严重”是真实语气, 动词用was; 第二空“他应该立刻做手术”表示虚拟语气, 用“should + 动词原形”, should可省略。

6. B。用连词or暗示前面的条件, 句意为: 要是我记得在哪儿读的这篇文章, 我现在就拿给你看。表示对现在的虚拟, 主句中谓语动词用“would/should + 动词原形”。

7. B。句意为: 我本来会去参加会议的, 但是我在忙于一个重要的实验。“忙于一个重要的实验”是真实情况, 故使用真实语气。

8. B。本题中暗含it is necessary that句式, 该句式中应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”, 故第一空用“ ( should) not be sent”; 第二空表语从句陈述一件事实, 用that引导。

9. C。demand是表示“要求, 命令”的名词, 其后的从句应该使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。

10. D。表示对将来的虚拟, 主句中应使用“should/would + 动词原形”。

11. C。require是表示“要求, 建议, 命令”的动词, 其后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。computer equipment后跟referred to作定语, 其谓语动词是be used。

12. C。It is surprising ( that) 是形式主语结构, 该句式中应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。

13. B。It is ( high / about) time ( that) 句型中应使用虚拟语气, 从句中的谓语动词用过去时 ( be用were) 或“should + 动词原形”, 其中的should不能省略。

14. D。requirement是表示“要求, 建议, 命令”的名词, 其后的表语从句应该使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。

15. D。wish后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气, 表示对过去的虚拟, 从句中应使用过去完成时。

16. C。demand是表示“要求, 建议, 命令”的名词, 其后的表语从句应该使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。

17. C。用连词otherwise暗示前面的条件, 句意为: 要是他昨天不忙的话, 他就会来参加会议的。表示对过去的虚拟, 主句中使用“would/ should / might + 完成时”。

18. D。用without介词短语暗示虚拟条件, 句意为: 要是没有电, 今天人类的生活就会完全不一样了。对现在的虚拟, 主句应使用“would/should + 动词原形”。

19. B。考查混合条件句的虚拟语气。句意为: 要是 ( 当时) 没有在暴风雨中出去的话, 他现在还会活着。条件状语从句中表示对过去的虚拟, 主句表示对现在的虚拟, 故主句中使用“would/should + 动词原形”。

20. D。if only引导的感叹句中应使用虚拟语气, 表示对现在的虚拟, 谓语动词用过去时。句意为: 要是我能像你一样知道怎样操作计算机就好了。

“虚拟语气”考点精析 第2篇

1. （2014年）You the meeting to tell me that； you could have come to tell me afterwards. （interrupt）

你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本来可以会后再告诉我。

答案 shouldn’t have interrupted

考点 考查“情态动词+完成时”表达“虚拟语气”的效果，即shouldn’t have done表示“本来不该做而实际做了某事”。

2. （2013年）Most believe he for England last week， but for a serious injury which put him out of football. （play）

多数人认为，要不是因为受了重伤告别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。

答案 could/would have played

考点 考查but for引导的虚拟句。

3. （2012年）Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule， we the train. （miss）

要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。

答案 wouldn’t have missed

考点 考查省略if的虚拟条件句

4.（2011年）If alcohol last night， I could have driven my car home. （drink）

如果我昨晚没有喝酒，我就能够开车回家。

答案 I had not drunk

考点 考查if条件句中的虚拟语气

5. （2010年） Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at the meeting. （discuss）

约翰逊先生主张在会上讨论那个值得关注的问题。

答案 （should） be discussed

考点 考查insist宾语从句后用虚拟语气。

下面我们归纳一下虚拟语气的考查要点，同学们需要在理解的基础上进行识记。

1. 在非真实性条件句中的用法

1）表示与现在事实相反

[if从句＼&主句＼&一般过去时（were）＼&would/should/could/might+动词原形＼&]

If I were you， I should accept the invitation.

If I had time， I would go there.

2）与过去事实相反

[if从句＼&主句＼&过去完成时＼&would/should/could/might+have done＼&]

If you had come earlier， you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus. （事实是来晚了，也没赶上车。）

If he had seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book. （事实上没见到，所以没还书。）

3） 与将来事实可能相反

[if从句＼&主句＼&一般过去时（be多用were）/should do/were to do＼&would/should/could/might+动词原形＼&]

If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.

万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）

4）if的省略

如果条件句中有were， had， should等助动词，可将if省略，把were， had或should置于句首，句子倒装。

Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off.

Had he seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book.

5）混合时间条件句与主句

条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。

If you had followed the doctor’s advice， you would be fine now.

6）含蓄条件句与主句

即用without（=but for）， or（else）， otherwise代替if从句。

Without/But for his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.=If there hadn’t been/we hadn’t his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.

7）特殊结构的条件句

If it were not for...“如果没有……”表示与现在事实相反的假设。

If it had not been for...“如果当时没有”表示与过去事实相反的假设。

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If it were not for his help， I could never go to college.

If it had not been for your help， we should have failed.

2. 在as if/as though引导的状语从句中的用法

在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“倒退一个时间段”的方式来表达虚拟语气。即：如果与过去事实相反，句子用过去完成时；如果与现在或将来事实相反，句子就用一般过去时。

The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.

The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times.

They talked as if they had been good friends for years.

注意 as if/as though从句中不一定要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态表述。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）

3.在wish引导的宾语从句中的用法

1. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，宾语从句谓语为动词的过去完成式。

I wish I had passed yesterday’s exam. 要是我昨天的考试及格了就好了。

2.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，宾语从句谓语用did形式。

He wishes he was/were as clever as you.

I wish I had a large room to live in.

3.表示将来的愿望，宾语从句谓语用would/could do形式。

How I wish I would go abroad next year！

4.在would rather引导的宾语从句中的用法

1）表示与过去事实相反，宾从谓语为had done形式。

2）表示与现在和将来事实相反，宾从谓语用动词的一般过去式。

I would rather you went with me.

I would rather I hadn’t quarreled with her last night.

5. 虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中

1）过去时态（与现在或将来事实相反）

2）If only+主语+表示“要是……就好了”

3）过去完成时（与过去事实相反）

If only my frienls were here now！ （与现在事实相反）

If only I had taken his advice. （与过去事实相反）

If only I were a bird！ （要是我是一只鸟就好了！）

6. 在suggest，propose，demand，request，require，order，insist，recommend（建议），prefer，urge等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为（should） do形式。

I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he （should） be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

注意 insist 作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲，不用虚拟语气。作“坚持要某人做某事”时用虚拟语气。

在学习中，同学们要总结规律，细化词条，把看似庞杂的语法概念梳理得井然有序，泾渭分明，真正做到“一览众山小”，才能在考场上立于不败之地。

1. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ？ （do）

是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你对我谈话就好像是我做的这件事呢？

2. no modern telecommunications， we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. （be）

如果没有现代化的电讯，我们将不得不等待几周才能收到来自世界各地的消息。

3. We would rather our daughter ， with us， but it is her choice， and she is not a child any longer. （stay）

我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但这是她自己的选择，她不再是个孩子了。

4. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation， or they

our help. （come）

我们进行调查研究的那几个月他们刚好在国外，否则他们会来帮忙的。

5. If we ， we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. （book）

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如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，现在就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。

6. I my cousin’s birthday party last night， but I was not available. （go）

昨晚我本来要去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。

7. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before， he would now. （speak）

如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。

8. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ， she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. （be）

格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。

9. We lost our way in that small village， otherwise we more places of interest yesterday. （visit）

我们在那个小村庄里迷了路，否则我们昨天就会看到更多的名胜。

10. We John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. （put）

要不是他目前的伤情，我们昨天就会把约翰的名字列到比赛的名单中了。

1. had done it

2. Were there/If there were

3. stayed at home

4. would have come to

5. had booked a table earlier

6. would have gone to （attend）

7. be able to speak it better

8. were to live there

9. would have visited

10. would have put

盘点高考虚拟语气考点 第3篇

一、if虚拟条件句引出的虚拟语气

由if虚拟条件句构成的虚拟语气, 是高考英语试题中考查虚拟语气的主要考点。if虚拟条件句可表示对现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟、对将来的虚拟, 主句的谓语则按这三个“虚拟”使用对应的表达法。

1.对现在的虚拟。

if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be用were) , 主句的谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。

【考例1】We ______ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. (2014年北京卷)

A. areB. were

C. will beD. would be

解析:D。由if从句的谓语是过去式didnt lose及主句中的时间状语now可知, 本句是对现在的虚拟, 因此主句的谓语要用“would+动词原形”。

【考例2】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

A.have had B.had had

C.have D.had

解析:D。“Sorry, I am too busy now.”表明后句的“如果我有时间……”是对现在的虚拟, 因此这个if从句的谓语要用动词的过去式had。

2.对过去的虚拟。

if从句的谓语用“had+过去分词”, 主句的谓语用“would/should/might/could have+ 过去分词”。

【考例1】If I ______ it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it. (2015年北京卷)

A.didn′t see B.weren′t seeing

C.wouldn′t see D.hadn′t seen

解析:D。根据主句“I wouldn′ t have believed it”的意思判断, 这是对过去的虚拟, 因此if从句的谓语要用“had+过去分词”。

【考例2】If Mr. Dewey ______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. (2014年湖南卷)

A.were B.had been

C.should be D.was

解析:B。主句的谓语是would have offered, 说明是对过去的虚拟, 因此if从句的谓语要用“had+过去分词”。

【考例3】I should not have laughed if I______ you were serious. (2013年江苏卷)

A.thought B.would think

C.had thought D.have thought

解析:C。根据主句的谓语是should not have laughed判断, 这句话是对过去的虚拟, 因此if从句的谓语要用“had+过去分词”。

3.对将来的虚拟。

if从句的谓语用动词过去式 (be用were) 、“should +动词原形”、“were to +动词原形”, 主句的谓语用“would/should/might/could + 动词原形”。

【考例1】Grace doesn′t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there, she wouldn′t be able to see her parents very often.

A.lives B.would live

C.having asked D.were to live

解析:D。“Grace doesn′ t want to move to New York”说明后面的“如果在那儿生活……”是对将来的虚拟, 因此这个if从句的谓语要用were to live。

【考例2】If it ______ this Saturday, the school sports meeting would be put off.

A. will rainB. rains

C. should rainD. had rained

解析:C。根据this Saturday和would be put off可以看出, 本句虚拟的是将来可能发生的情况, 因此应选择should rain作if从句的谓语, 表示对将来的虚拟。

【特别提醒】

1.if从句的谓语有时可能使用省略式。例如:

—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I′m glad we took an umbrella.

—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we______.

A.hadn′t B.haven′t

C.didn′t D.don′t

解析:A。主句“we would have got wet all over”表明该句是对过去的虚拟, 因此if从句要用“had+过去分词”, 所给的四个选项都是省略式, 只有hadn′t符合句意, 省略的词语是taken an umbrella。

2.虚拟语气的主句和从句之间有时会存在错综时间, 例如主句可能是对现在的虚拟, 而if从句可能是对过去的虚拟。例如:

If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now.

A. will beB. would be

C. has beenD. would have been

解析:B。此题if虚拟条件句的时间为before, 谓语是“had+过去分词”, 是对过去的虚拟;主句时间为now, 是对现在的虚拟, 因此本题应选择would be。

二、倒装式虚拟条件句引出的虚拟语气

if虚拟条件句中的if也可省略, 但此时表示虚拟的句子要使用倒装的形式, 把be动词, 助动词或情态动词提到主语之前。例如were I younger, did I know, had he noticed, were it to snow。如果if虚拟条件句是there be句型, 倒装式则用“were there ...”。

【考例1】It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule. (2015年江苏卷)

A.did I know B.have I known

C.do I know D.had I known

解析:D。根据主句的谓语might have saved可判断出, 这句话是对过去的虚拟, 因此要用倒装式had I known。

【考例2】______ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. (2014年福建卷)

A.Were there B.Had there been

C.If there are D.If there have been

解析:A。从这个句子的意思可以看出, 本句是对现在的虚拟。本句属省略if的there be句型, 因此应选择倒装式Were there构成虚拟条件句。

【 考例3】______ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. (2014年天津卷)

A.Did he catch B.should be catch

C.has he caught D.Had he caught

解析:D。主句的谓语是would not have been, 说明这句话是对过去的虚拟, 因此要用倒装式Had he caught构成虚拟条件句。

三、wish和would rather引出的虚拟语气

1.wish的用法:用wish虚拟对现在的愿望时, 宾语从句的谓语用过去式 (be动词用were) ;虚拟对将来的愿望时, 宾语从句的谓语用“would/could/ might+动词原形”;虚拟对过去没有实现的愿望时, 宾语从句中的谓语用“had+过去分词”或“could/would + have +过去分词”。

2.would rather的用法:虚拟现在的“ 宁愿”时, 后面从句的谓语用过去式;虚拟过去的“宁愿”时, 后面从句的谓语用“had+过去分词”。

【考例1】Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I______ as well as her. (2015年陕西卷)

A.dance B.will dance

C.had danced D.danced

解析:D。前句“Ellen is a fantastic dancer.”是一般现在时, 据此可以判断, I wish后宾语从句的谓语应用过去式danced, 虚拟现在的愿望。

【考例2】I wish I ______ at my sister′s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (2015年天津卷)

A.will be B.would be

C.have been D.had been

解析:D。句中有表示过去的时间状语last Tuesday, 说明本句表达的是过去没有实现的愿望, 因此wish后从句的谓语要用“had+过去分词形式”。

【考例3】We would rather our daughter______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. (2014年陕西卷)

A.would stay B.has stayed

C.stayed D.stay

解析:C。从“but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.”的时态可以看出, 本句中would rather虚拟的是现在的“宁愿”, 因此后面从句的谓语要用过去式stayed。

四、otherwise, or, but, without等引出的虚拟语气

otherwise, or, without等也可引出虚拟语气。otherwise是副词, 表示“否则”;or是连词, 引导的是句子, 表示“要不然”;without是介词, 引导的是短语, 表示“如果不是, 如果没有”。解答这类题, 关键是分析句意, 找准时间关系, 然后确定是对现在、过去或将来的虚拟。

【考例1】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. (2015年重庆卷)

A.didn′t write

B.hadn′t written

C.wouldn′t write

D. wouldn′t have written

解析:D。根据“ without his wartime experiences ”的意思可判断出, 这句话是对过去发生了的事进行虚拟, 因此句子的谓语要用would have done的形式。

【考例2】It is lucky we booked a room, or we______nowhere to stay now. (2015年安徽卷)

A. hadB. had had

C. would haveD. would have had

解析:C。根据语言逻辑可知, or这个句子的意思应该是“要不然我们现在就没地方住了”。由此可以看出, 本句是对现在的虚拟, 谓语要用“would+动词原形”, 故选would have。

【 考例3】They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ______ to our help. (2014年浙江卷)

A.would have come B.could come

C.have come D.had come

解析:A“。They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, ”的意思是“在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里, 他们在国外”, 言下之意是“要不然他们将已经来帮助我们了”, 因此应选择would have come来完成这个句子。

【考例4】I ______ to my cousin′s birthday party last night, but I was not available.

A. wentB. had gone

C. would goD. would have gone

解析:D。“but I was not available”的意思是“但我没空”, 这表明本句是对过去的虚拟, 也正是这个转折, 表明前句的谓语应用would have gone, 表示“昨晚我本来要去参加我表兄的生日聚会”。

五、if so, if not, if only, as if/though, but for等引出的虚拟语气

if so, if not, if only, as if/though, but for等可引出虚拟语气。if so“如果这样”;if not“如果不, 如果不是这样”;if only“只要, 要是……就好”;as if/though“犹如, 好似”;but for“要不是”。解答这类题, 关键是分析句意, 找准时间关系, 然后确定是对现在、过去或将来的虚拟。

【考例1】It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it? (2014年重庆卷)

A.had done B.have done

C.did D.am doing

解析:A。“It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me”的意思是“打破玻璃的是John, 为什么你对着我说”, 言下之意是“好像是我打破了玻璃似的”, 因此应选择had done来完成句子, 表示对过去的虚拟。

【特别提醒】

as if/though引导的从句有两种表达法:

1.该从句表示的是事实或具有很大的可能性时, 通常用陈述语气。

2. 该从句表示的不是事实, 而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻时, 通常用虚拟语气。虚拟过去谓语用“had+过去分词”;虚拟现在谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词通常用were, 但也可以用was) ;虚拟将来谓语用“would+动词原形”。

【考例2】—Do you think George has passed the driving test?

—No. If so, he ______ his car to our college yesterday.

A. would driveB. drove

C. would have drivenD. had driven

解析:C。if so的意思是“如果是这样”, 指的是上文提到的情况。从对话的意思可以看出, 乔治并没有通过驾照考试。另外, if so这个句子中有表示过去时间的yesterday, 因此应选择would have driven表示“如果他已经通过驾照考试了, 他昨天就已经驾车来我们大学了。”

【考例3】But for the help of my English teacher, I ______ the first prize in English Writing Competition.

A. would not win

B.would not have won

C.would win

D. would have won

解析:B。but for的意思是“要不是”, 起的作用相当于从句, 表示对过去的虚拟, 主句的谓语根据句意需要, 应用would have done或would not have done。本句应选择would not have won, 表示“我就不可能已经获得了英语写作竞赛一等奖”。

六、“建议、要求、命令、主张”等动词引出的虚拟语气

表示“建议”的suggest, advise, propose, re⁃quest;表示“要求”的demand, command, recommend, desire, require;表示“命令”的order;表示“ (极力) 主张”的insist等动词后面, 宾语从句的谓语应用“ (should+) 动词原形”, 我们可以用“建议、要求加命令, 主张从句用‘原形’”这个顺口溜巧记这些动词及其从句的谓语表示法。

【考例1】Eye doctors recommend that a child′s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.

A.was B.be

C.were D.is

解析:B。主句的谓语动词是recommend, 意思是“推荐, 建议”, 其后宾语从句的谓语要用“ (should+) 动词原形”构成虚拟语气, 此处省去了should, 因此应选择be。

【考例2】My mom suggests that we ______eat out for a change this weekend.

A.should B.might

C.could D.would

解析:A。主句的谓语动词是suggest, 表示“建议”, 其后宾语从句的谓语应用“ (should+) 动词原形”构成虚拟语气, 故本题应选should。

【考例3】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ____________ at the meeting. (discuss)

解析:当insist表示“ (极力) 主张”时, 其后宾语从句的谓语应用“should + 动词原形 (should可省略) ”。这个宾语从句的主语是problem, 属“ 被讨论”, 因此本题应填写 (should) be discussed。

七、对过去情况进行反思或总结而引出的虚拟语气

表示对过去情况的反思或总结时, 用“情态动词+have done”构成虚拟语气, 表示“本该做某事而实际上并没有做”或“本不该做某事而实际上却做了”。这种表示法既可归类于情态动词用法, 也可看成是虚拟语气表达法, 因为它表示的是对过去情况的虚拟。

【考例1】—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it′s too bad. You ______ have made full preparations. (2015年福建卷)

A. mustB. can

C. wouldD. should

解析:D。根据对话的语境我们可以这样分析:儿子对母亲说“我的工作面试又失败了”, 母亲回答“你本应该做好充分准备”。这个“本应该做好充分准备”实际上并没有发生, 是对过去情况的虚拟, 故用should have made作句子的谓语。

【考例2】I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. (2015年天津卷)

A.mightn′t B.mustn′t

C.needn′t D.couldn′t

解析:C。从“for my classmates here are very friendly to me”的意思可以看出, 前句的意思应该是“我来新学校之前本没有必要担心”, 因此应选择needn′t。needn′t have done表示“本没有必要做某事, 但实际上已经做了”, 是对过去情况的虚拟。

【考例3】Oh, I′m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn′t eat

B.mustn′t have eaten

C.shouldn′t have eaten

D.mustn′t eat

解析:C。前句“I′m not feeling well in the stomach”说的是“我现在胃不舒服”。后句中的时间状语是just now (刚才) , 说明句意应该是“刚才我本不该吃那么多炸鸡”, 因此应选择shouldn′t have eaten。本不该吃那么多炸鸡而实际上是吃了那么多, 是对过去情况的虚拟。

【考例4】I ______ myself more—it was a perfect day.

A.shouldn′t have enjoyed

B.needn′t have enjoyed

C.wouldn′t have enjoyed

D.couldn′t have enjoyed

解析:D。破折号后“it was a perfect day”中的was表明这是过去了的一天。由此我们可以推断前句的谓语必定与couldn’t相关, 因为couldn′t与more搭配表达最高级意义。本句的couldn′t have enjoyed more表示“不可能玩得比这一天更快乐了”, 是对过去情况的虚拟, 言下之意是“这天我玩得最快乐”。

八、强化训练

(一) 单句语法填空

根据括号内的提示词在空白处填入该词的正确形式。

1. The children must have got lost in the woods; otherwise, they ____________ (be) at the lakeside camp as scheduled.

2. I ____________ (come) sooner but I didn′t know that they were waiting for me.

3. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ____________ (focus) more on its culture.

4. We lost our way in that small village, or we ____________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.

5. I ____________ (go) through that bitter period without your generous help.

6. If he had prepared well for his lessons last week, he ____________ (not have) so many difficulties now.

7. The manager requires that the workers____________ (not use) mobile phones during the working hours.

8. If we ___________ (book) a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.

9. If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we ____________ (may meet) her at the railway station.

10. Liu Ying speaks American English fluently as if she ____________ (study) in America for many years.

(二) 单项填空

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. If I ______ ten years younger, I would start all over again.

A. amB. were

C. had beenD. would be

2. —Too careless! Merry Christmas or Marry Christmas?

—Sorry.I wish I______such a mistake.

A.didn′t make

B.wouldn′t make

C.shouldn′t make

D.hadn′t made

3. ______ earlier, you would have met the three famous space heroes.

A. If you came

B.Would you come

C.Had you come

D.If you should come

4. But for the brave young hunter the small boy ______ by the wolf.

A.would be killed

B.was killed

C.would have been killed

D.had killed

5. If you had bought the ticket for me yesterday, I ______ the concert in the Grand Theatre now.

A.would be enjoying

B.was enjoying

C. had enjoyed

D. should have enjoyed

6. Don′t scold me. It rained so heavily that I had no choice but to stay at home. Anybody in my position ______ the same.

A. doesB. will do

C. had doneD. would have done

7. —Mary is crying in her bedroom. What′s the matter?

—I ______ her that she hadn′t passed the exam.

A. should not tell

B.shouldn′t have told

C.hadn′t told

D. wouldn′t tell

8. —I propose that we ______ a deadline for handing in the sports plan.

—I couldn′t agree more. Lets make it September 15, OK?

A. setB. would set

C. will setD. should have set

9. —I was too tired after the driving yester⁃day.

—You didn′t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you wouldn′t have got so tired.

A.drove B.were driving

C.had driven D.would drive

10. If Mr. Dewey ______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

A.were B.had been

C.should be D.was

(三) 语篇型语法填空

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

Here′s one of the questions you may often hear. What would you do if you1 (fail) ?Some of us may choose to give up. However, the2 (sure) way to success is to keep your direction and stick3your goal. On your way to success, you must keep your direction. It is just like a lamp, 4 (guide) you in darkness and helping you overcome obstacles (障碍) on your way. Otherwise, you will easily get5 (lose) or hesitate to go ahead.

Direction means objectives. You can get nowhere without6objective in life.

You can try to write your objective on paper and make some7 (plan) to achieve. Only in this way8you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time9 (proper) .And you should also have a belief10you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.

B

Mr. Brown was tired of living in the big city where he worked. He wanted to move to the nearest countryside and live in a house from1he could get to his office in the city by bike every day. One day, he was looking for a house when he saw2advertisement in a newspaper. The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale for a3 (reason) price, and the house was within a stones throw to the city.

“Thats exactly4I need, ”Mr. Brown said to5 (him) . So he called the house agency, 6 (say) he wanted to have a look at the house.

The staff of the house agency came to see him and they7 (start) to go to the country by bus. It took them at least three8 (hour) to get to the house. When they9 (final) arrived, Mr. Brown said humorously, “10I known the distance to this house, I would have invited the one who had said it was a stone′s throw to the city in the advertisement to have a try with a stone.”

参考答案与解析:

(一) 单句语法填空

1.前句意思是“这些孩子一定是在森林里迷路了”, 因此后句的空白处应填入would have been。后句意为“否则他们将已经按计划回到湖边的营地了”。

2.“but I didn′t know that they were waiting for me”表明but前的这个句子是对过去情况的虚拟, 因此前半句的空白处应填入would have come。

3.前句的时态表明, 后句would rather是对现在的虚拟。would rather虚拟现在的“宁愿”时, 后面从句的谓语要用过去式, 因此空白处应填入focused。

4. 前句的谓语是lost, 后句中有yesterday, 表明or这个句子是对过去的虚拟, 因此后句的空白处应填入would have visited。

5.without your generous help意思是“如果没有你慷慨的援助”, 言下之意是“我就不可能已经度过了那个痛苦的时期”, 因此空白处应填入couldn’t have gone。

6.虽然if从句的谓语是had prepared, 但主句的时间状语是now, 说明主句和从句之间存在“错综时间”, 即主句是对现在的虚拟, 因此本题应填入wouldn′t have。

7. require表示“要求”, 后面从句的谓语应用“ (should + ) 动词原形”, 因此本题应填入 (should) not use。

8.主句的谓语是couldn′t be standing, 这表明前面if从句是对过去的虚拟, 因此本题应填入had booked。

9.从句的谓语had known表明本句是对过去的虚拟, 因此本题应填入might have met。

10. 本句中as if从句表示的不是事实, 而是夸大性的比喻, 即“就像在美国学习过好多年似的”, 是对过去的虚拟, 因此空白处应填入had studied。

(二) 单项填空

1.主句的谓语是would start, 表明这个if从句虚拟的是现在, 因此应选择B项。

2.“Too careless!”和“Sorry.”都表明这是对过去的虚拟。wish表示对过去的虚拟时, 后面从句的谓语应用“had+过去分词”, 因此应选择hadnt made。

3.主句的谓语是would have met, 表明这个if从句虚拟的是过去, 因此应选择C项这个省略if的倒装式。

4.“But for the brave young hunter”暗示本句是对过去的虚拟, 因此句子的谓语应用would have been killed。

5.虽然if从句的谓语是had bought, 但主句的时间状语是now, 说明主句和从句之间存在“错综时间”, 即主句是对现在的虚拟, 因此应选择A项。

6.“It rained so heavily that I had no choice...”说的是过去发生的事, 因此应选择D项, 表示对过去的虚拟。

7.根据对话的语境可知, 答话者的意思应该是“我不应该已经对她说了她考试没及格。”由此推断本句是对过去的虚拟, 故应选择B项。

8. propose表示“建议”, 后面从句的谓语应用“ (should+) 动词原形”, 因此应选择A项。

9. 根据主句的谓语wouldn′t have got判断, 本句是对过去的虚拟, if从句的谓语应用“had+过去分词”, 因此应选择C项。

10. 根据主句的谓语would have offered判断, 本句是对过去的虚拟, if从句的谓语应用“had+过去分词”, 因此应选择B项。

(三) 语篇型语法填空

A

【解题导读】假如你失败了你会怎么做?有些人会选择放弃。然而, 要想成功, 最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。

1.考查虚拟语气。主句的谓语是would do, 表明这个if从句的谓语应用过去式, 因此应填入failed。

2. 考查形容词最高级。根据上下文内容可知, 这里说的是“最可靠的方法”, 因此应填入surest。

3. 考查短语搭配。stick to属固定短语, 意思是“坚持”, 因此应填入to。

4. 考查现在分词。and后是helping, 说明and前的动词也应用-ing形式, 因此应填入guiding, 与and后面的helping构成并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语。

5. 考查过去分词。表示“迷路”或“迷失方向”, 应用get lost, 因此应把原形动词lose改为过去分词lost。

6.考查不定冠词。前句中的objectives表明objective是可数名词, 其读音以元音音素开头, 因此后面这个单数形式的objective前应填入不定冠词an。

7.考查名词的复数形式。plan是可数名词, 在some后应用复数形式, 故填入plans。

8.考查倒装句的表示法。当only in this way位于句首时, 句子应用倒装句式。本句含有“只有……才能……”的意思, 因此应填入can。

9. 考查形容词与副词的转换。前面的arrange和spend都是行为动词, 应用副词修饰, 因此应把形容词proper改为副词properly。

10. 考查连词。belief后的句子是同位语从句。由于该从句意义完整, 不缺任何其他成分, 因此应填入that来引导这个同位语从句。

B

【解题导读】布朗先生想在很近的乡下买房, 这样就可以骑车到市里去上班。他看到广告上说有一处离市里特别近的房子, 在“石头都可以扔到的地方”。然而, 当房产公司的工作人员带他去看房时, 他们坐公交车跑了至少三个小时!

1. 考查介词引导的定语从句。house是先行词, 指物, 因此应填入关系代词which。

2. 考查不定冠词。advertisement是可数名词, 其读音以元音音素开头, 且在本文中是第一次出现, 因此应填入不定冠词an。

3.考查名词与形容词的转换。空格后是名词price, 因此应把reason改为形容词reasonable作定语, 表示“合理的价格”。

4. 考查what从句作表语的用法。“That′s exactly what I need.”表示“那正是我所需要的 (房子) ”。

5.考查反身代词。say to oneself表示“自言自语”, 因此应填入反身代词himself。

6. 考查现在分词。在“So he called the house agency”后有逗号, 且无连词, 因此应填入现在分词saying作伴随状语。

7.考查时态。and前的谓语是过去式came, 说明and后的动词也应用过去式, 因此应填入started。

8. 考查名词的复数形式。hour是可数名词, 因此应填入复数形式hours。

9. 考查形容词与副词的转换。arrive是行为动词, 应用副词修饰, 因此应填入形容词final的副词形式finally。