动词的-ing形式

2024-08-05

动词的-ing形式(精选5篇)

动词的-ing形式 第1篇

动名词具有名词的性质, 因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、作主语

Reading is an art.读书是一种艺术。

2、用于“There be”结构中。例如:

There is no saying when he’ll come.很难说他何时回来。

3、动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时, 常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格, 构成动名词的复合结构 (——这时, 名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语) 。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。

4、作宾语

(1) 作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语, 不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit等。

5、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系, 表示主语的内容, 主语、表语可互换位置。

What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what Ihate most.)

6、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:a walking stick=a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

二、现在分词的作用

现在分词由动词加ing构成。非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用, 在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。

1、作定语。

现在分词作定语, 除了表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征, 此时可换成相应的定语从句。单个现在分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前, 分词短语作定语时放在所修饰名词的后面, 并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。

e.g.a running boy

一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句

e.g.a boy who is running

需要注意的是, 分词的完成时不可作定语, 同时某些现在分词作定语时, 在长期的使用过程中, 已具有了形容词的句法功能。这类分词实际上已转化为形容词。Eg:an interesting story;an exciting match。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语, 但是不能转化为相应的定语从句, 但是可以有三级变化 (原级比较级最高级) 和被某些副词如very修饰。

2、作补语

只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补

(1) 感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find等。

(2) 使役动词:have get catchleave set

值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补, 只能是用于这些词后, 但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词 (有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补) 。eg.I saw him singing now.

注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。

3、作表语

Eg:The story is interesting.

注意:表动作的现在分词不能作表语, 例如上面例子的变形A boy is running.这不是主系表而是主谓。

4、作状语

现在分词作状语时, 可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语, 表示正在进行的或主动的动作。

5、现在分词的独立主格

独立主格, 又叫独立结构。Walking in the street, I saw him.是翻译成”当我在街上走时, 我看到他了.”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时, 他看到我了.” (这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”)

三、总结

作定语的动名词和现在分词的区别在于:

1、单个的现在分词和动名词虽然都可作前置定语, 但现在分词作定语时, 表示所修饰词的动作, 即分词动作的逻辑主语是它所修饰的词。动名词作定语时, 是对所修饰的名词作出解释, 它所修饰的词不能充当其逻辑主语。

2、作定语的动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途, 而现在分词修饰名词时, 主要指名词的性质, 状态或动作等。

3、名词 (代词) 后面的现在分词常表示进程, 而动名词则表示事实, 或者称为动作的经常性。

4、在分词用作定语时, 其前面可以有副词, 形容词或名词, 这些词与现在分词有密切关系。

5、从读音上来区别, 动名词修饰名词时, 重音落在动名词上, 且动名词与被修饰词之间常用连字符。分词作定语时, 分词和名词都应重读。

了解了现在分词和动名词的用法及区别, 英语句子的理解将会更加的简单。

摘要:动词的ing形式, 可能是动名词, 也可能是现在分词形式, 从几个方面进行区别。

关键词:动名词,现在分词

参考文献

[1]徐广联:《大学英语语法》。

动词-ing的形式及用法 第2篇

动词-ing形式分为:“动名词”和“现在分词”两种形式。它是由动词原形加上-ing构成的,它和不定式一样也是非谓语动词的一种。

一、动名词

1. 形式:动名词有四种形式,即主动一般式,被动一般式,主动完成式,被动完成式。

2. 用法

(1)作主语

Smoking is harmful to health. 吸烟对健康有害。

Collecting shells is one of his hobbies. 收集贝壳是他的爱好之一。

(2)作宾语

We enjoy swimming very much. 我们很喜欢游泳。

Do you like drinking some water? 你想喝点水吗?

(3) 作定语

They want to organize a stamp collecting club. 他们想组织一个集邮俱乐部。

二、现在分词

1. 形式:及物动词的现在分词有四种形式,即主动语态的一般式和完成式,被动语态的一般式和完成式。不及物动词只有前两种形式,它没有被动语态。

2. 用法

(1)作定语

The pot is full of boiling water. 壶里装满了沸腾的水。

Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? 你认识躺在大树底下的那个男孩吗?

现在分词作定语时,表示所修饰人或物的动作;而动名词作定语时,则表示这个东西是具有某种用途的。

现在分词

动名词

waiting car

等待着的汽车 waiting room

候车室

working people

劳动人民 working method

工作方法

sleeping child

睡着的小孩 sleeping car卧车

(2)作宾语补足语

We found the story very interesting. 我们觉得这个故事很有趣。

I heard somebody breaking the windows. 我听到有人打破了窗户。

(3)作表语

The news is very exciting. 这条消息很激动人心。

The story is very moving. 这个故事很感人。

(4)作状语

They came home smiling and singing.他们笑着、唱着回了家。

动词—ing形式被动式的语法功能 第3篇

[名称\&形式\&语法意义\&一般

被动形式\&being done\&表示正在进行的被动动作或被动动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生\&完成

被动式\&having been done\&表示被动动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前\&]

The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught.

松鼠很幸运,逃脱了捕获。

Having been exposed to the sunlight for long,you will feel faint and sick.

长时间呆在阳光下,你会感到头晕、不舒服。

就语法功能而言,动词-ing形式可以在句中充当以下六种成分:

一、作主语

Being exposed to the sunlight for long is harmful to your skin.

长时间暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤不好。

细心的同学会发现这个句子跟前面一个句子很像,但所用形式不同。我们要记住的是:动词-ing的完成被动式不能作主语。

二、作宾语

1. 作动词宾语

Nobody likes being laughed at in public.

没有人喜欢被当众嘲笑。

想掌握动词-ing形式的被动式作宾语,首先要记住常见的后面要求跟-ing形式作宾语的动词。如:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, admit, delay, avoid, miss, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, risk, mind, escape。

2. 作介词宾语

I heard of his having been chosen to be captain of the school football team.

我听说他被选为学校足球队的队长。

三、作宾语补足语

I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.

昨天经过她房间时,我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。

动词-ing形式的被动式作宾语补足语的机会并不多,更常见的是直接用动词的过去分词作宾补。

With his hands tied behind, he came in.

他进来了,双手被捆在背后。

许多同学在造这个句子时,常常会把tied错用作being tied。前一句中passed这个动作跟being sung这个动作同时发生;而后一句中tied这个动作在他came in之前已经发生或完成了。

四、作定语

The party being held in our club is royal.

我们俱乐部在举行很盛大的舞会。

谈到being done这种形式作定语,就必须弄清楚done,to be done和being done作定语的区别。

Have you been invited to the party to be held tomorrow?

你被邀请参加明天的舞会了吗?

The party held yesterday was very royal.

昨天举行了盛大的舞会。

being held表示正在进行的被动动作; to be held表示被动动作还未发生; held表示被动动作已经完成。

五、作状语

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

尽管被告知过很多次,他仍然犯同样的错误。

动词-ing形式的完成被动式表示分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成或说话人有意识地强调这种先后顺序。这句话中“被告之过许多次”显然发生在“仍然犯同样的错误之前”。

六、作表语

South China is being flooded because of the continuous heavy rain。

由于持续的强降雨,华南正在被洪水围困。

1. Research out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use the sense of direction, we’ll lose it.

A. to carry

B. carrying

C. being carried

D. having carried

2. At the beginning of the class, the noise of desk could be heard outside the classroom.

A. opened and closed

B. to be opened and closed

C. being opened and closed

D. to open and close

3. is a big surprise to us because he is so capable.

A. Fired B. Firing

C. His being fired D. Having fired

4. in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the cheque in the car.

A. Waiting B. To wait

C. Having waited D. To have waited

5. I still remember Beijing. (take)

我仍然记得被带去北京那件事。

6. your wedding is my great honor. (invite)

受邀参加你的婚礼是我极大的荣幸。

7. , we know how to operate the system. (train)

训练了一年,我们知道如何操作这个系统。

8. My mother allowed me to go out .(with)

妈妈允许我出去,因为我的作业做完了。

9. for several days, these flowers finally died. (water)

几天没浇水,这些花都死了。

10. the Water Cube, we were taken to see the Bird’s Nest. (show)

参观完水立方后,我们又被带去看了鸟巢。

1~4 CCCD

5. being taken to

6. Being invited to attend

7. Having been trained for a year

8. with my work finished

9. Not having been watered

be动词ing形式变化规则 第4篇

1、一般动词,变化:加+ing,例子:wash——washing,read——reading

2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,变化:去掉e,再加+ing,例子:make——makingwrite——writinguse——using

3、以重读闭音节结尾的.动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母 ,变化:双写最后的辅音字母,再加+ing,例子:run——running,swim——swimming,put——putting

4、以ie结尾的动词,变化:改ie为y,再加+ing,例子:lie——lyingdie——dying,tie——tying

5、以c结尾的动词 ,变化:变c为ck,再加+ing ,例子:picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking(例外:arc作弧形运动,arcing)

6、以l结尾的动词 ,变化: 如果动词原形以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。 例子: tavel→travelling/traveling(U.S.)

动词的-ing形式 第5篇

2. He turned around and disappeared in the distance, (避免遇到我). (avoid)

3. The young mother stood there

(看自己的孩子玩耍) with great satisfaction. (watch, play)

4. (先参观了) stadium, the foreign visitors were led to the school library. (show)

5. (当问到) whether the earth went around the sun, the boy was laughed at by all. (ask)

6. (被杀) by sharks was a common phenomenon in this area at that time. (kill)

7. With a local guide (带领他们), the tourists from the mainland avoided being cheated by the street traders. (lead)

8. Cells either divide too fast or at a wrong time, (使身体运转很难) properly. (make, it)

9. A kid (学步) often falls, so parents always watch over them closely. (learn)

10. (能够说英语) gave him an advantage over other employees and at last he was chosen. (able)

11. She stepped back (显得很惊讶) and put up her hands, as if in defense. (appear)

12. (得知他的妈妈病了), Hurry rushed out of the classroom immediately and hurried back. (tell)

13. (对他的作文很满意), the teacher praised him in class. (satisfied)

14. (考虑到环境) we live in, the waste can’t be thrown away around directly. (think)

15. (因为写得匆忙), this article was not so good as these he had written before. (write)

16. There (没有) enough experience, I failed to meet the requirements and I wasn’t offered the position. (be)

17. I was caught in a heavy traffic jam and felt quite anxious, (想着自己是否能到机场) in time. (wonder)

18. With a lot of courses (上课), little Jimmy was reluctant to get up in the morning. (attend)

19. (看见他倒在血泊中), I dialed 120 straight away. (see)

20. (讨论解决方法) to the problem for several days, we finally reached to the plan raised by Mr. Smith. (discuss)

21. When (把自己和我同桌比较), I found I still had a lot to improve. (compare)

22. When (问道年龄), the beautiful girl smiled politely and kept silent. (ask)

23. (坐在沙发上), he fixed his eyes on the TV screen. (seat)

24. Crazy fans gathered in front of the gate of the 5-star hotel, (希望见到这位影星). (hope)

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