第一篇：中英文对照导游词
故宫导游词-中英文对照
故宫导游解说词
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女士们、先生们：
今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，顾名思义，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。
故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊!
紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。
故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色，原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。
我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字，故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。
关于“推出午门斩首”的说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午门廷杖，当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。 (进午门后金水桥前)
1
现在我们已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。
故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。
(在太和门前)
故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大的一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所，东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。
故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图案的规制等等。这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观，而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称“天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方，为了照顾布局上的美观，所以把西头一间建造的格外小。
(经过太和门之后)
女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。
太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏，现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为
7、
5、
3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。
明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。
这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路，左右地面铺的砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大
2 缸，是做什么用的呢?在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时，殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。
清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：“别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国2000多年的封建统治。
(在太和殿的石台上)
这是铜香炉，，是皇帝举行典礼时焚烧檀香用的。这里一共有18座，代表清朝18个省。殿外左右安放四个铜缸，象征”金瓯无缺“，作为贮水防火之用。台基东西两侧各有一只铜制仙鹤和龟，是长寿的象征。这个由铅铸造成的器具叫嘉量，嘉量是当时量的标准器，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤,谁八两，心中自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的器具叫做日晷，是古代的测时仪。皇帝的意思是：量和时的基准都在自己手里。
太和殿正面有12根圆红柱，东西约63米，南北进深约37米，高35米，殿前丹陛三层五出，殿前后有金扉40个，金锁窗16个，整个大殿雕梁画栋，豪华富丽。殿内中央设有2米高的平台，上面摆放着雕有9条金龙的楠木宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案，左右有对称的宝象、角端、仙鹤、香筒等陈列品。象驮宝瓶，内装五谷，象征太平景象、五谷丰登。角端是我国古代神话传说中的一种神兽，可“日行一万八千里”，通晓四方语言，只有明君，它才捧书而至，护驾身旁。
太和殿也叫金銮殿，为什么这么叫呢?因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。金砖墁地平整如镜，光滑细腻，像是洒了一层水，发着幽暗的光。那么金砖真的含金吗?其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制的砖，工艺考究，复杂，专为皇宫而制，敲起来有金石之声，所以称作“金砖”。烧这种砖，每一块相当于一石大米的价钱，可见金砖虽不含金，但也确实贵重。
殿内共有72根大主柱，支撑其全部重量，其中6根雕龙金柱，沥粉贴金，围绕着宝座周围。在殿中央有一藻井，是从古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演变面来，为中国古代建筑的特色之一。主要设置在“尊贵”的建筑物上，有“神圣”之意。在藻井中央部位，有一浮雕蟠龙，口衔一球(球为铜胎中空，外涂水银)，此球叫轩辕镜，传说是远古时代轩辕黄帝制造的，悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起，构成游龙戏珠的形式，悬于帝王宝座上方，以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕的子孙，是黄帝正统继承者。它使殿堂富丽堂皇，雍容华贵。镜下正好对着宝座，据说是袁世凯怕大球掉下来把他砸死，故将宝座向后挪到现在的位置。关于龙椅，这里面有段故事。1916年(民国五年)袁世凯登基时，把原来的宝座搬走了，换了一把西式高背大椅，上饰他自己设计的帝国徽号。据说他的腿短，因而将椅座降低。新中国成立后，为了寻找那把龙椅，根据过去的一张照片，在破家具库找到了一把破椅，经专家鉴定，这椅子就是皇帝宝座，后经修复展出。
(带客人至太和殿东或西侧铜缸处)
古人把陈设在殿堂皇屋宇前的大缸，称为“门海”，门海者，盖“门前大海”之意，古人相信，门前有大海，就不怕闹火灾。因此，大缸又称为吉祥缸。它既是陈设品，又是消防器材。在科学不民达的古代，宫中没有自来水，更没有消防器材。因此，缸内必须长年储满水以备不虞。
清代时，共有308口大缸，按其质量分类三种，即鎏金铜缸、烧古铜缸和铁缸，其中最珍贵的是鎏金铜
3 缸。然而这些鎏金铜缸没有逃脱侵略者刺刀刮体的厄运。侵略者是谁?是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥八国联军。为了镇压中国人民反帝的义和团运动，1900年的8月13日至8月15日，八国联军攻陷北京，进占紫禁城。救死扶伤和军官们烧、杀、抢、掠，从宫中及颐和园等处动掠夺的文物在各侵略国使馆区堆积如山，至今仍有大量文物被伦敦、巴黎、纽约博物馆攫为已有。这一切包括眼前这口缸上的道道刮痕都已成为帝国主义侵略中国的铁证。是伪统治时期，大缸被拉出宫门，装上日本侵略军的卡车，用去制作子弹，再反过来屠杀我国人民。
(中和殿前)
眼前这个方形建筑是中和殿。皇帝举行大典前，先到此暂坐休息，会见一些官员。皇帝去天、地、日、月四坛祭祀时，前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。每年二月皇帝到先家坛举行亲耕仪式，前一天要来这里阅视种子、农具、祝文。这里现在陈列的是乾隆年间的两面三刀顶肩舆，即八抬大轿
城角
故宫的四个城角，每一个角上有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，建造的可好看了。这四座角搂是怎么盖的呢?北京有这么个传说——
明朝的燕王朱隶在南京做了永乐皇帝以后，因为北京是他做王爷时候的老地方，就想迁都北京，于是就派了亲信大臣到北京盖皇官。朱隶告诉这个大臣：要在皇宫外墙——紫禁城的四个犄角上，盖四座样子特别美丽的角楼，每座角楼要有九梁十八柱、七十二条脊。并且说：“你就做这个管工大臣吧，如果修盖的不好是要杀头的!”管工大臣领了皇帝的谕旨后，心里非常发愁，不知如何盖这九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的角楼。
管工大臣到了北京以后，就把八十一家大包工木厂的工头、木匠们都叫来，跟他们说了皇帝的旨意，限期三个月，叫他们一定要按期盖成这四座怪样子的角楼，并且说：“如果盖不成，皇帝自然要杀我的头，可是在没杀我的头之前，我就先把你们的头砍了，所以当心你们的脑袋。”工头和木匠们对这样的工程都没把握，只好常常在一块琢磨法子。
三个月的期限是很短的，一转眼就是一个月了，工头和木匠们还没想出一点头绪、一点办法来，他们做了许多样型，都不合适。这时候，正赶上六七月的三伏天气，热得人都喘不上气来，加上心里烦闷，工头和木匠们真是坐也不合适，躺也不合适。有这么一位木匠师傅，实在呆不住了，就上大街闲遛去了。
走着走着，听见老远传来一片蝈蝈的吵叫声，接着、又听见一声吆喝：“买蝈蝈，听叫去，睡不着，解闷儿去!”走近一看，是一个老头儿挑着许多大大小小秫秸编的蝈蝈笼子，在沿街叫卖。其中有一个细秫秸棍插的蝈蝈笼子，精巧得跟画里的一座楼阁一样，里头装着几只蝈蝈，木匠师傅想：反正是烦心的事，该死的活不了，买个好看的笼子，看着也有趣儿，于是就买下了。
这个木匠提着蝈蝈笼子，回到了工地。大伙儿一看就吵嚷起来了：“人们都心里怪烦的，你怎么买一笼子蝈蝈来，成心吵人是怎么着?”木匠笑着说：“大家睡不着解个闷儿吧，你们瞧„„”他原想说你们瞧这个笼子多么好看呀!可是他还没说出嘴来，就觉得这笼子有点特别。他急忙摆着手说：“你们先别吵吵嚷嚷的，让我数数再说。“他把蝈蝈笼子的梁啊、柱啊、脊呀细细地数了一遍又一遍，大伙被他这一数，也吸引得留了神，静静地直着眼睛看着，一点声音也没有。
木匠数完了蝈蝈笼子，蹦起来一拍大腿说：“这不正是九梁十八柱七十二条脊么?”大伙一听都高兴了，这个接过笼子数数，那个也接过笼子数数，都说：“真是九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的楼阁啊，”
大伙儿受这个笼子的启发，琢磨出了紫禁城角楼的样子，烫出纸浆做出样型，最后修成了到现在还存在的角搂。
4 北京-故宫英文导游词 The Fobidden City FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)
(In front of the meridian gate)
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ‖an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.
Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.
5
Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)
now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The ―three big halls‖ of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious ―H‖-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.
6 Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where ―Si Ku Quan Shu‖- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple ―H‖-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.
The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.
There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,‖I don’t want to stay here."
第二篇：桂林中英文对照的导游词
桂林
Welcome to guilin!My name is xijingjing, and I’m very glad to be your local guide for today’s visition.
Now , I’d like to give you a brief introduction of the guilin，guilin isfamous as tourist city in the world , attracting a greatnumber of tourists who are from all over the word .With the increasing number of tourists ,the construction of tourist service facilities have beendeveloped rapidly in GuiLin.Nowadeys ,there are over 20 air routes thatcan reachHong Kong and the othermajor domestic tourist cities . 现在，桂林已经成为一个世界的重点旅游城市，每年都吸引大量的中外旅游者前来游览，随着游客的不断增多，桂林市的旅游服务设施建设也在迅速的发展。现在已有20多条空中航线可直接飞香港和国内的各个主要的旅游城市。
Guilin is a renowned historical and cultural city with 2000 years of history and a famous tourist city.GuiLin have a great number of ancient cultural relics, for example ,the han tombs in yanshang mountains ,the ancient pagoda of the tang dynasty , sculptures on the precipices of west mountains in tang dynasty,the ruin of dahe kiln of the song dynasty ,huaqiao ,tombs of king jinjiang of the ming dynasty ,the city wall of the ming dynasty ,and so on .
桂林具有两千年的历史文化名城，著名的旅游城市，桂林有着众多的古文化遗迹，如雁山汉墓群、唐代的木龙古塔、唐代的西山摩崖造像、宋代的大河窑址、花桥、明代的靖江王墓群。明代的王城等
GuiLin locate in the Limestone karst landscape ,therefor guilin is not only surrounded by the stone in the urban area ,but also is surrounded bythe weird shaped stonein the center city .It is surprised to everyone . There are many famous scenic spots. For example ,Trunk mountain, Diecai mountain, Seven Star rocks, and Fubo mountain ,and so on . 桂林处在石灰岩岩溶地貌，所以不仅城区周围峰石环绕，即使市区也是奇峰耸立，令人称绝，独秀峰。象鼻山、伏波山、七星岩、芦笛岩等都以成为特色的旅游景点。
There is much characteristic food in Guilin . Nowadays , Sichuan Food and Cantonese cuisine are vary popular . From splendid restaurants to local snacks, tourists who are from around the world can find that your need is met beyond your expectations. The most popular local snacks including Guilin rice noodles (mifen), nun noodles, chestnut glutinous rice dumplings (banli zong), stewed duck with gingko, lotus-leaf duck and stewed duck with ginger.
桂林包括许多地区特色食品。近年来，四川菜和广东成为最受欢迎的。从华丽的餐厅，小吃，来自世界各地的游客一定会发现，你需要的是 遇到超出您的期望。最受欢迎的地方小吃 包括桂林米粉(蜜粉)，尼姑面，板栗粽子(半粒宗)，白果炖老鸭，鸭和鸭烧生姜莲花叶。
米粉Rice noodles 扣肉Braised pork啤酒鱼Beer fish
桂林人口有125万，其中包括汉、壮、苗、瑶等11个民族，在桂林我们可以体验各种民族风情。
Guilin has a population of 1250000, including the Han , Zhuang, Miao, Yao , and other 11 ethnic groups,.InGuilin we can experience a variety of folk customs. That is all.thank you .i hope everyone has a good trip.
第三篇：埃塞俄比亚中英文导游词对照
埃塞俄比亚这个国家最让人神往的便是它无数的历史古迹，方尖石塔，阿克苏姆(Axum)石碑，教堂，塔纳湖岛Tigre的科普特人修道院，以及拉利贝拉(Lalibela)的非洲耶路撒冷的岩石教堂。在埃塞俄比亚还有9个国家公园，其中两座公园包括塞米恩山(Simien)和贝尔山
(Bale)山群，其他的则坐落在东非大裂谷接近肯尼亚。一望无际的土地就是这些公园吸引游客的地方，这里有很多被保护的动物物种，其中有些动物是这个地区特有的。埃塞俄比亚靠近赤道，它栖息地的各种各样使得这个国家成为南非野生鸟类最多的国家之一。
当然，历史和文化还不是这个地方最引人注意的唯一事物，还有这里人们根深蒂固的独特的传统文化。这里科普特教会的宗教信仰，这里本地的人群，Hamer、Mursi、Caro以及其他一些，他们的生活方式是我们所无法想象的，离现代生活太遥远了。
Much of the fascination of Ethiopia lies in its myriad historical sites, the obelisks and stele of Axum, the churches and coptic monasteries in the Tigre, in the Lake Tana isles and in the Lalibela: the African Jerusalem with its monolithic churches. In Ethiopia there are also nine national parks, two of which include the mountain groups of the Simien and the Bale, while the others lie in the Rift Valley towards Kenya. The unforeseeable wild landscapes are surely the main attraction of these parks, where many of the animal species are protected, and some of them are endemic to the area. The proximity of Ethiopia to the Equator and the variety of its habitats make it one of the richest countries in Africa in wild bird life.
History and nature are not the only attractions of this surprising country. It is a unique experience to come into contact with its people, so deeply rooted in their traditional culture, to participate in religious rites in one of the many Coptic churches, to meet native populations like the Hamer, the Mursi, the Caro and the many others whose lifestyle is hard to imagine today, so far is it from our modern life.
第四篇：吉安导游实务中英文对照文档
吉安
Group1 1.请说出“吉安”一名的由来。
古时称“吉州”，蕴意快乐、吉祥和平安。
2.请列举出吉安的地理区位优势。
交通便利，位于中原地带(Central Plains)的核心位置，这儿被人们称为“黄金走廊”(Golden Passage)，既是沿海腹地(the interior position of coastal regions)，又是内地前沿(the forward position of island)。
Group2 1.江西省最大的水力发电厂(hydropower station)和火力发电厂(heat power station)分别是哪两座?
万安水电厂和井冈山华能火电厂。
2.请简介三湾改编(SanWan Adaption)的主要内容。
将一个师改变成一个团(changin a division into a regiment)，实行民主制度(implementing the democracy in the army)，在连上建立党支部(setting up the party branch at company)。
Group3 1.试着用几个“前年”(millennium)来描述庐陵文化的博大精深。
千年青铜(bronze)、千年古寺(ancient temple)、千年古窑(kiln)、千年书院。
2.井冈山由哪11个主要景点构成?(最少列举五个)
茨坪(Ciping)、茅坪(Maoping)、龙潭(Dragon Pond)、主峰(Main Peak)、仙口(Xiankou)
Group4 1.请简介井冈山的五大哨口(outpost)。
它们分别是黄洋界、八面山、双马石、朱砂冲、桐木岭。
2.请简介欧阳修。
生于吉安，人们称之为醉翁，是北宋著名的作家、政治家、历史学家。
Group5 1.请说出吉安的历史名人(最少五位)。 欧阳修、文天祥、杨万里、谢缙、杨士奇。
2.请说说井冈山革命根据地(Mt.Jinggang Revolutionary Base Area)建立的意义。 说明中国共产党的力量还很弱小，敌人很强大，革命的道路仍然漫长，同时也提出了农村包围城市的理念，体现了中共的成熟。
Group6 1.在江西精品旅游线路中，哪五条包括了吉安?
①江西秀丽美景和文化之行(tour of superb landscape and culture of Jiangxi) ②赣中南红色经典之行(tour of scenic spots in South-Central Jiangxi)
③京九铁路沿线的名山之行(tour of famous mountains along the Jingjiu railway) ④赣西南革命摇篮之旅(tour of Revolutionary Cradle in South-west Jiangxi) ⑤赣中名人家乡之行(tour of Celebrities’ Hometown in Central Jiangxi)
2.井冈山获得过哪些嘉誉?
第一批国家园林城市(the first batch of National Park)、中国优秀旅游城市(China Excellent Tourism City)，国家5A级旅游景点(5A National Tourist Attraction)等„„
Group7 1.在井冈山革命根据地初建完成时，有哪四只主要武装力量(armed forces)? 由毛泽东、朱德、彭德怀三人分别率领的起义队伍，和王佐、袁文才率领的地方绿林武装。
2.请简介杨万里。
生于吉安，南宋杰出诗人、诚斋体创始人。
Group8 1.在吉安旅游，有哪些主要的特色?
红色旅游、文化旅游和绿色生态旅游(Green eco-tourism)。 2.哪个村子在吉安被称为庐陵文化第一村?毛泽东曾在这里主持(preside)过哪次会议?
渼(měi)陂(pí)村;二七会议(The February 7th Meeting)
Group9 1.吉安有多少条全国重点建设(national key Tour Routes)的红色旅游线路? 2条。一条是“南昌—吉安—井冈山”，另一条是“井冈山—永新—茶陵—株洲”。
2.为什么吉安的古、现代文化被人们称为庐陵文化，而不是吉安文化?
因为庐陵的文化历史更为悠久和深厚，并且有许多历史名人，所以地位很重要，但是吉安却不是。
Group10 1.在茨坪景区有哪些主要景点。
革命博物馆、井冈山革命旧居区(revolutionary residence)、烈士陵园(martyr cemetery)等。
2.请简介文天祥。
吉安人、南宋著名政治家、文学家。写作风格分为2个阶段，前一个阶段作品甚少，后阶段则写出了许多爱国诗篇。
Group11 1.请列举吉安的传统土特产(local traditional specialties)。(最少五个) 泰和乌鸡(silkie chicken/black-bone chicken)、狗牯脑茶(Gougunao Tea)、火腿(ham)、井冈绿茶、堆花酒(Duihua Wine)。
2.请简介井冈山的烈士陵园。
坐落在茨坪、为了纪念建军60周年(the 60th anniversary of Army-building)，于1987年开建，10月份建成开放。
Group12 1.吉安有哪两条国道? 105和319。
2.简介永新盾牌(Shield)舞。
该舞蹈结合了舞蹈、音乐、杂技(acrobat)、武术(martial art)，盾牌舞的故事简单，表现为两军激战，传言“不学盾牌舞，不是真男人”。
Group13 1.井冈山市附近有哪些毛泽东故居(former Residence)? 三湾、宁冈、茅坪、大井、茨坪。
2.请背诵毛泽东诗词《西江月·井冈山》(Moon of West River)。并解释这首诗的背景(background)。
山下旌旗在望，山头鼓角相闻。敌军围困万千重，我自岿然不动。早已森严壁垒，更加众志成城。黄洋界上炮声隆，报道敌军宵遁。
背景：黄洋界(Huangyangjie Outpost)保卫战胜利，我军以少胜多，毛泽东很开心，便写下了这首诗。
Group14 1.吉安有哪五个森林林公园?
泰和森林公园、永丰森林公园、武功山森林公园、三湾森林公园和万安森林公园。
2.井冈山之魂(精神)最重要的是哪些方面?
坚定信念(keep the faith)、艰苦奋斗(work hard)、求真务实(seeking truth from the facts)、敢闯新路(have a brave heart to take a new way)、依靠群众(depending on the mass)。
Group15 1.中国三个最著名的火腿是哪三个? 安福火腿、云南宣火腿、金华火腿。
2.朱德赞誉的“天下第一山”(the First Mountain under the Heaven)，除了象征意义(symbolic meaning)外，井冈山的还有哪些“第一”?
第一块军事根据地(military base)、第一部土地法(Land Law)产生于此，第一支工农军队(first army of workers and peasants)也在此建立。
第五篇：上饶导游实务中英文对照文档
上饶
Group1 1.上饶矿产资源的特点是什么? ①矿产资源丰富。
②适合大范围的开采(mine on a large scale)，且矿产资源的综合利用率高(high rate of multipurpose use)
2.请简介铅山县的祈雨(praying for rain)习俗。
①每年六月，持续性的干旱(prolonged drought)会驱使农民披戴着柳条环和鼓(wicker ring and drums)去祈雨
②在祈雨的路上有棚子(pavilion)，这些棚子直到三伏天(dog days)都会有免费的茶提供给路上祈雨的人(beggars)。
③当祈雨的人停在衙门(county administration)门口前的时候，县令(county magistrate)就必须带着他的家人出来，给祈雨的人鞠躬，同时感谢神龙(divine dragon)，祈祷降雨并护佑大家。
④直到现在，在每年六月干旱来临的时候，这个习俗依旧在铅山县的部分地区得以传承。
Group2 1.请说出上饶市的市树、市花和市鸟。 市树：香樟(Cinnamomum camphora) 市花：猴面杜鹃(Hericium cuckoo) 市鸟：鸳鸯(mandarin duck) 2.为什么三清山被称为“中国南部的仙女峰，世界唯一的财富之地”?
①作为道教福地(a blessed spot as Taoist paradise)，三清山景色秀丽雄伟，且拥有着深厚的文化。
②三清山拥有着众多奇石怪峰(exotic rocks and peaks)，令人称奇的云彩和神圣的光芒(amazing clouds and divine light)，以及稀有的树木和花卉，就像仙境(fairyland)一般。
Group3 1.至少列举五位上饶的名人。 吴睿、陶侃、朱熹、洪迈、詹天佑。
2.请简介上饶集中营(Shangrao Concentration Camp)。
①上饶集中营分为五个部分，这五个集中营都是当年国民党在1941年皖南事变(Event of Wannan)后建立的法西斯监狱(Fascist prison)。
②这是一个700多人的人间炼狱(Living Hell)，许多爱国人士(patriotic people)和将军(generals)，甚至叶挺，都被关押(imprison)在这里。
Group4 1.哪些历史名人曾在三清山题过词? 苏轼、朱熹、王安石、陆游、徐霞客。
2. 在江西一流的旅游路线里，哪六条旅游线路于上饶相关?
①江西秀丽美景和文化之行(the tour of superb landscape and culture of Jiangxi) ②赣北缤纷鄱阳湖之行(tour of colorful Poyang Lake in North Jiangxi) ③赣东北山峰碑记之行(Tour of Peaks and Monuments in North-east Jiangxi) ④江西东部红山绿溪之行(Tour of Red Mountains and Green Streams in East Jiangxi) ⑤江西中部的名人故乡之行(Tour of Celebrities’ Hometown in Central Jiangxi)
⑥观赏鸟类以及鄱阳湖湿地探索之行(tour of bird-watching and wetland exploration in Poyang Lake)
Group5 1.三清山三个特别的景点是什么? ①司春女神(Goddess of Spring)
②巨蟒出山(Python going out of mountain) ③观音赏曲(Goddess Guanyin Enjoying Melody)
2.在婺源发现的安徽考古三雕(3 carvings)是什么?举例说明其雕刻的含义。 ①它们是：木雕、石雕和砖雕(brick carving)。
②雕莲花(lotus flower)意味着好运，莲子(lotus’ seed)意味着儿孙满堂(a lot of descendants)，仙桃(immortal peaches)和蝙蝠(bats)则意味着幸福和长寿(longevity)。
Group6 1.上饶两个“世界自然的馈赠”是什么? 三清山和龟峰。
2.简介弋阳腔(Yi yang tune)。
①亦称高腔，是高腔的鼻祖，在中国的戏剧史上扮演了重要的角色。对京剧、川剧的产生给予了很大的影响。
②弋阳腔的剧目已经发展到了多达100种，韵律(rhythms)名称也有400多种。
Group7 1.简介上饶市中，十县一市一区的特点。(至少列举五个) ①万年县：珍珠之乡(hometown of pearls) ②横峰县：夏布之乡(hometown of grass cloth) ③鄱阳县：鱼米之乡(abundance of grain and fish) ④德兴市：中国铜都(Copper Center of China)
⑤新洲区：政治经济文化中心(political，economic，and cultural center)
2.简介畲族(SHE ethinic group)的祈福(praying)习俗。 ①四季祈福，希望全年丰收(good harvest all the year)。
②在农历(Lunar Calendar)第二个月的第一天，做“春季祈福”(Spring Blessing);夏天开始的时候做“夏季祈福”;在白露节气的时候(White Dew)，做“白露祈福”;在丰收的秋季做“秋季祈福”;在冬至的时候(Winter Solstice)，做“冬季祈福”;在农历除夕(the New Year’s Eve of Lunar Calendar)，做“全年祈福”(Year-round Blessing)。
Group8 1.四种颜色(红白绿黑)对应的的四个特产分别是什么? ①红色——红鲤
②白色——江湾雪梨(white pear) ③绿色——婺源绿茶 ④黑——龙尾砚
2.简介畲族人唱情歌的习俗(song loving custom)
①畲族人民在生活中，举办很多活动的时候都爱唱民歌(folk songs)。他们通过唱歌来表达情感。 ②其中最具代表性的，就是在结婚的时候唱歌。只有新郎(groom)带来的歌手能以唱歌的方式回答对新娘(bride)朋友的问题时，新郎才能接新娘回家。
Group9 1.上饶市被赋予了什么荣誉?
中国优秀旅游城市(The Chinese Excellent Tourism City)，中国最幸福城市(China Happiest City)，大学生最爱的旅游城市(the Chinese College Student’s Favorite Tourism City)，省级卫生城市(the Provincial Sanitation City)，省级花园城市(the Provincial Garden City)。
2.简介“鹅湖之会”(Meeting at E’hu) ①公元1175年，发生在鹅湖寺。
②为了合并“理学”(Li Theory)和“心学”(Mind Theory)，徐祖谦邀请了朱熹和陆九渊、陆九龄来这里参加辩论(debate)，这场辩论的主题是关于认识论的根源(the principle of epistemology)是什么。
Group10 1.三清山景区是由哪十个景点构成的?(至少列举五个)
南清园(Nanqing Park)、万寿园(Longevity Park)、玉京峰(Yujing Peak)、三清寺(Sanqing Temple)、玉灵观(Yukling Temple)
2.婺源有哪些景点?
婺源入选了首批17个最佳旅游县(one of the first batch of 17 top counties of tourism)，旅游资源相当丰富，婺源县的周围分为3块主要旅游区域，分为东部、北部和西部。像东部有江湾，北部有思溪延村，西部则有鸳鸯湖。
Group11 1.上饶的五个国家公园是哪五个?
三清山、龟峰、灵山、神农源景区和大帽山。
2.简介方志敏。
方志敏生于江西弋阳县，是江西东北部苏维埃省政府的主席(the Chairman of Provincial Soviet Government)和爱国人士，但是在1935年被国民党抓捕，8月6日被杀。
Group12 1.三清山有什么特殊的自然景观(peculiar natural views)?
高峰(lofty peaks)、古松(ancient pines)、咆哮的云(roaring clouds)、五光十色的瀑布(colorful waterfalls)和神秘的圣光(mysterious divine light)
2.简介婺源绿茶。
①婺源绿茶历史悠久，是明清时候的四大名茶之一，当今也获过多次奖项。
②婺源绿茶色绿、味醇(rich fragrance taste)，茶叶泡水后清晰粗壮(clear and thick water leaf)，外国人曾说这是中国最好的绿茶。
Group13 1.上饶当地的特产有哪些?(最少列举五个)
万年大米(Wannian Rice)、婺源绿茶、上饶白眉茶(Bai Mei Tea)、弋阳蒸肉(steamed pork)、婺源龙尾砚。
2.简介万年的神农源景区。
①神农源景区是国家级公园和4A级国家旅游景点(4A national tourist attractions)。 ②该景区分为两部分，一个是仙人洞(Xianren Cave)景区，一个是神农殿(Shennong Palace)景区。仙人洞景区是一个关于农耕历史和文化的景点，神农殿景区则有中国最美的地下河和喀斯特溶洞(karst caves)
Group14 1.上饶的两个5A级国家级景区是哪两个? 三清山和婺源县的江湾景区。
2.简介大帽山景区。
该景区坐落在德兴市内，面积143平方千米，是一个国家公园。它拥有84个旅游景点，是一个综合性的旅游区域。
Group15 1.婺源县房屋的特点是什么?
房屋大多是明清所建，有很多古代的宅邸(mansions)、房屋和桥，这些建筑都保存地非常完好(in good keep)，同时也体现了风水文化，以及三雕的艺术，真是一个奇迹(miracle)。
2.简介鄱阳湖国家湿地公园。
①坐落在鄱阳县，总面积36000 公顷(hectares)，其中97%是湿地。 ②这里的主要景观是鄱阳湖以及河流、小岛和池塘(pond)，典型的湿地类型资源非常丰富。
③我们在这里还能看到迁徙的候鸟在这里过冬。