江苏省高考英语写作词数的要求: (2005年:100词左右;2006年至2007年:120词左右, 2008年至2009年150词左右) , 而且江苏省高考书面表达评分原则之一是:词数过少或过多, 从总分中减去2分。总之, 随着书面表达词数增加, 标准的提高, 对考生的表达能力提出了更新、更高的要求。然而, 本人在教学中发现一方面一些学生作文词数达不到题目的要求;另一方面有些学生词数够了, 但是其中有些是为了凑足词数, 在写作是“尽其所能发挥想象力”增加了许多离题较远的细枝末节, 这样的文章虽然词数够了, 但主题句较少, 或是句子之间的逻辑关系混乱, 连贯性不强, 有些句子甚至是画蛇添足。
本人认为, 题目要求词数之所以写不够, 或是写够了而主题句较少, 逻辑思维较乱, 原因之一是题目要求理解不透彻, 急于下笔, 采用要点直译法, 最终造成了句子之间内容缺乏逻辑联系。
看下面2008年全国卷二一篇习作:
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Now I’ll give you some advice.
First, I suggest you should take a Chinese course.Second, you can watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese.Third, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs.Besides, you can also make Chinese friends.
Try and write me in Chinese next t i m e.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
该篇习作虽然题目要求要点已全部覆盖, 但词数严重不足, 那么怎样才能做到既覆盖题目要求要点, 又能达到词数要求, 而且句子之间的逻辑关系密切, 文章结构紧凑?解决这一问题除了学会使用一些衔接语之外, 更重要的就是要掌握要点扩充法, 即在锁定题目要求要点的基础上, 按照一定的原则扩充。本人在平时的教学中, 总结了几种常见的要点扩充法。
要点扩充法一:添加与所给信息有关的原因, 结果, 条件, 目的等内容。
扩展原因:
例1:参加中文学习班 (2008年全国卷二) 。take a Chinese course.
扩展:First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.
例2:学唱中文歌曲 (2008年全国卷二) 。learn and sing Chinese songs.
扩展:It should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.
扩展结果:
例3:老师倾听学生了解学生, 满足要求 (2008江苏高考卷) 。
listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better.
扩展:Theacher should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better and place themselves in a good relationship with their students.
扩展目的:
例4:介绍中国历史和文化 (2008江苏高考卷) 。
introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners.
扩展:They should introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know China better.
要点扩充法二:添加恰当的谚语。
例5:锻炼对学生的好处。
It’s good for us students to take e x e c i s e.
扩展:As the saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”It’s good for us students to take execise.
例6:集中注意力学习。
We should focus our mind on our studies.
扩展:As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains”We should focus our mind on our studies.
要点扩充法三:举例说明。
例7:人与自然, 能源, 环境, 动植物, 爱惜保护 (2005年江苏高考) 。
We are not supposed to waste any e n e r g y.
We should protect our environment, wild animals and plants.
扩展:We are not supposed to waste a n ye n e g y, e g.w a t e r, o i l, c o a la n d e l e c t r i c i t y.W es h o u l dp r o t e c to u r environment, wild animals and plants to make the world a better place to live in.
例8:人口密集地区遭受许多自然灾害。
Many populated areas suffer from many natural disasters.
扩展:Many populated areas suffer from many natural disasters such as flood, hurricanes, droughts or other disasters.
下面的这一篇习作是利用上述的要点扩充法之后所写的2008年全国卷二的习作:
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.Then it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words easily.You can also make more Chinese friends so that they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next t i m e.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
这篇习作除了要点齐全, 词数满足要求, 同时还因使用了合理的要点扩充法, 使习作中多次出现了复合句, 句与句之间逻辑关系密切。因此在书面表达中, 如能恰当使用要点扩充法, 我们的文章就不会出现词数不够, 句子不连贯, 句子之间缺乏逻辑关系。当然, 就要点扩充法而言远不止上述列举的方法, 本人会在以后的教学中不断总结, 加以完善。
摘要：本文针对平时教学中, 学生作文词数达不到题目的要求同时对句与句之间缺乏逻辑联系的现象, 提出了解决方案, 即要点扩充法。
关键词：英语写作,词数要求,逻辑联系,要点扩充法