第一篇：英美文学阅读范文
英美文学阅读建议书目
Jane Austen 1775-1817简.奥斯汀 Emma《爱玛》 Mansfield Park 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》 Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》 Persuasion《劝导》 Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》 Louisa M. Alcott 1832-1888露意莎.奥尔珂德 Little Women《小妇人》 Good Wives《好妻子》 Anne Bronte 1820-1849安.勃朗特 The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 《怀尔德菲尔府的房客》 Agnes Grey 《艾格妮斯.格雷》 Charlotte Bronte 1816-1855夏洛特.勃朗特 Jane Eyre 《简.爱》 The Professor 《教师》 Emily Bronte 1818-1848 埃米丽.勃朗特 Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》 Francis Bacon 1561-1626 弗兰西斯.培根 Essays 《弗兰西斯.培根论文集》 John Bunyan 1628-1688 约翰.班扬 The Pilgrims Progress 《天路历程》 The Holy War 《圣战》 Lewis Carroll 1832-1898 刘易斯.卡罗尔 Alices Adventures in Wonderland 《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》 Through the Looking Glass 《爱丽丝漫游镜中世界》 Joseph Conrad 1857-1924 约瑟夫.康拉德 Lord Jim 《吉姆老爷》 Nostromo 《诺斯特罗摩》 The Secret Agent 《特务》 Heart of Darkness 《黑暗的心灵》 Youth 《青春》 The Shadow Line 《阴影线》 The Nigger of the Marcissus 《白水仙花号上的黑家伙》 Almayers Folly 《奥尔迈耶的愚蠢》 Stephen Crane 1871-1900 斯蒂芬.克莱恩 Maggie- A Girl of the Streets 《街头女郎梅季》 The Red Badge of Courage 《红色英勇勋章》 Wilkie Collins 1824-1889 科林斯 No Name 《没有姓名》 The New Magdalen 《新玛格达琳》 The Woman in White 《白衣女人》 The Moonstone 《月亮宝石》 Willa Cather 1873-1947 薇拉.凯瑟 Alexanders Bridge 《亚历山大的桥》 My Antonia 《我的安东妮亚》 O Pioneers 《啊拓荒者》 The Song of the Lark 《云雀之歌》 The Troll Garden and Selected Stories 《特罗尔花园》 Charles Dickens 1812-1870 查尔斯.狄更斯 A Christmas Carol 《圣诞欢歌》 A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》 American Notes 《旅美札记》 Barnaby Rudge 《巴纳比.拉奇》 David Copperfield 《大卫.科波菲尔》 Domby and Son 《董贝父子》 Bleak House 《荒凉山庄》 Great Expectations 《远大前程》 The Haunted Man and the Ghosts Bargain 《神缠身的人》 Hard Times 《艰难时事》 Nicholas Nickleby 《尼古拉斯.尼克贝尔》 The Mystery of Edwin Drood 《爱德温.德鲁德之谜》 Little Dorrit 《小杜丽》 Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》 The Old Curiosity Shop 《老古玩店》 Martin Chuzzlewit 《马丁.朱述尔维持》 Our Mutual Friend 《我们共同的朋友》 The Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》 The Cricket on the Hearth 《炉边蟋蟀》 The Battle of Life 《人生的战斗》 Daniel Defoe 1660-1731 丹尼尔.笛福 The Journal of the Plague Year 《瘟疫年纪事》 Robinson Crusoe-1 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 Robinson Crusoe-2 《鲁滨逊漂流记续集》 Moll Flanders 《摩尔.弗兰德斯》 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 1859-1930 阿瑟.柯南道尔 The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes 《福尔摩斯探案集》 The Hound of the Baskervilles 《巴斯克维尔庄园的猎犬》 The Return of Sherlock Holmes 《福尔摩斯归来记》 A Study in Scarlet The Lost World The Sign of Four 《猩红色的谜》 《失去的世界》 《四签名》 Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes 《福尔摩斯回忆录》 The Poison Belt 《有毒带》 The Valley of Fear 《恐怖峡谷》 George Eliot 1819-1880 乔治.艾略特 The Mill on the Floss 《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》 Middlemarch 《米德尔马奇》 Silas Marner 《织工马南传》 Adam Bede 《亚当.贝德》 Ralph W. Emerson 1803-1882 爱默生 English Traits 《英国人的特性》 Essays 《论文集》 The Conduct of Life 《生活行为》 Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790 本杰明.富兰克林 Poor Richards Almanack 1733-1758 《穷理查的历书》 The Autobiography 《自传》 Henry Fielding 1707-1754 亨利.菲尔丁 The History of Tom Jones A Foundling 《弃儿汤姆.琼斯的历史》 Elizabeth C. Gaskell 1810-1865 伊丽莎白.加斯克尔 Mary Barton 《玛丽.巴顿》 Sylvias Lovers 《西尔维亚的恋人》 Cousin Phillis 《菲利丝表妹》 North and South 《北方与南方》 Wives and Daughters 《妻子和女儿》 Cranford 《克兰福德》 Ruth《露丝》 Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-1864 霍桑 Twice-Told Tales 《重讲一遍的故事》 Mosses from an Old Manse
《古屋青苔》 The House of Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》 The Scarlet Letter 《红字》 The Snow Image 《雪的意象》 Thomas Hardy 1840-1928 托马斯.哈代 A Pair of Blue Eyes 《一双碧眼》 Tess of the dUrbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》 The Mayor of Casterbridge 《卡斯特桥市长》 Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》 Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》 The Return of the Native 《还乡》 Washington Irving 1783-1859 华盛顿.欧文 The Adventures of Captain Bonneville 《博纳维尔上尉探险记》 The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》 The Alhambra 《爱尔汗布拉宫》 Henry James 1843-1916 亨利.詹姆斯 The Golden Bowl 《金碗》 The American 《美国人》 The Aspern Papers 《阿斯本文件》 Daisy Miller 《戴西.密勒》 The Europeans 《欧州人》 The Sacred Fount 《神圣源泉》 Death of the Lion 《名流之死》 The Figure in the Carpet 《地毯上的图案》 The Turn of the Screw 《螺丝在拧紧》 Roderick Hudson 《罗德里克.赫德森》 The Lesson of the Master 《大师的教诲》 Washington Square 《华盛顿广场》 The Ambassadors 《奉使记》 The Portrait of A Lady 《贵妇画像》 James Joyce 1882-1941 詹姆斯.乔伊斯 Dubliners 《都柏林人》 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《艺术家青年时期写照》 Ulysses 《尤利西斯》 Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 托马斯.杰弗逊 Autobiography 《自传》 Letters 《书信集》 Rudyard Kipling 1865-1936 吉卜林 Kim 《吉姆》 Puck of Pooks Hill 《普克山的派克》 Rewards and Fairies 《投偿和仙子们》 The Jungle Book 《丛林故事》 Andrew Lang 1844-1912 乌德鲁.兰 The Blue Fairy Book 《绿皮童话书》 The Red Fairy Book 《红皮童话书》 The Violet Fairy Book 《紫皮童话书》 The Yellow Fairy Book 《黄皮童话书》 D. H. Lawrence 1855-1930 戴.赫.劳伦斯 Lady Chatterlays Lover 《查太莱夫人的情人》 Women in Love 《恋爱中的女人》 Sons and Lovers 《儿子与情人》 Jack London 1876-1916 杰克.伦敦 Martin Eden 《马丁.伊登》 Burning Daylight 《天大亮》 John Barleycorn 《约翰.巴雷肯》 The Iron Heel 《铁蹄》 Love of Life and Other Stories 《热爱生命》 The Son of the Wolf 《狼的儿子》 The People of the Abyss 《深渊中的人们》 The Call of the Wild 《荒野的呼唤》 The White Fang 《白牙》 The Sea-Wolf 《海狼》 Herman Melville 1819-1891 赫曼.梅尔维尔 Benito Cereno 《班尼托.西兰诺》 Moby Dick The Whale 《白鲸》 Typee 《泰比》 Billy Budd 《比利.巴德》 John Milton 1608-1674 约翰.弥尔顿 Paradise Lost 《失乐园》 Paradise Regained 《复乐园》 William Morris 1834-1896 威廉.莫里斯 A Dream of John Ball and A Kings Lesson 《梦见约翰.鲍尔》 News from Nowhere 《乌有乡消息》 Frank Norris 1870-1902 弗兰克.诺里斯 Blix 《布里克斯》 McTeague 《麦克提格》 Moran of the Lady Letty 《莱蒂夫人号的莫兰》 The Octopus- A Story of California 《章鱼》 Harriet B. Stowe
1811-1896 哈丽特.斯托 Uncle Toms Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 Jonathan Swift 1667-1745 斯威夫特 Gullivers Travels 《格列佛游记》 The Battle of the Books and Others 《书的战争》 Mary W. Shelly 1797-1851 玛丽.雪莱 Frankenstein 《弗兰肯斯坦》 Walter Scott 1771-1832 沃尔特.司各特 Ivanhoe 《艾凡赫》 Bride of Lammermoor 《拉马摩尔的新娘》 The Talisman-
A Tale of the Crusaders 《护符》 The Antiquary 《古董家》 Rob Roy 《罗布.罗伊》 Waverley 《威弗利》 The Heat of Mid-Lothian 《中洛辛郡的心脏》 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 莎士比亚 Alls Well That Ends Well 《终成眷属》 King John 《约翰王》 A Lovers Complaint 《情女怨》 As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》 King Richard II 《理查二世》 The Complete Works of William Shakespeare 《莎士比亚全集》 Measure for Measure 《一报还一报》 King Richard III 《理查三世》 A Midsummer Nights Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》 Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》 Pericles Prince of Type 《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》 Cymbeline 《辛伯林》 The Comedy of Errors 《错误的喜剧》 King Henry the Fourth 《亨利四世》 The History of Troilus and Cressida 《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》 The Life of Timon of Athens 《雅典的泰门》 King Henry the Fifth 《亨利五世》 The Tragedy of King Lear 《李尔王》 The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of
Denmark 《哈姆莱特》 King Henry the Sixth 《亨利六世》 The Tragedy of Julius Caesar 《裘力斯.凯撒》 The Tragedy of Coriolanus 《科利奥兰纳斯》 King Henry the Eighth 《亨利八世》 The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra 《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》 The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》 The Tempest 《暴风雨》 The Taming of the Shrew 《驯悍记》 The Passionate Pilgrim 《爱情的礼赞》 The Merry Wives of Windsor 《温莎的风流娘儿们》 The Phoenix and the Turtle 《凤凰和斑鸠》 The Tragedy of Macbeth 《麦克佩斯》 The Tragedy of Othello Moor of Venice 《奥赛罗》 Loves Labours Lost 《爱的徒劳》 Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 The Rape of Lucrece 《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯与阿都尼》 The Two Gentlemen of Verona 《维洛那二绅士》 The Tragedy of Titus Andronicus 《泰特斯.安德洛尼克斯》 The Sonnets 《十四行诗》 The Winters Tale 《冬天的故事》 Robert L. Stevenson 1850-1894 史蒂文森 Prince Otto 《奥托王子》 Treasure Island 《金银岛》 Across the Plains 《横穿普莱恩斯》 Kidnapped 《绑架》 In the South Seas 《在南海》 An Inland Voyage 《内河航程》 The Silverado Squatters 《西尔韦拉多-斯卡特斯》 Master of Ballantrae 《巴伦特雷少爷》 The Black Arrow 《黑箭》 Weir of Hermiston 《赫米斯顿的韦尔》 Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes 《骑驴游塞文斯山脉》 The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 《杰基尔医生和海德先生的奇案》 Henry D. Thoreau 1817-1862 梭罗 Walden 《沃尔登或林中生活》 Mark Twain 1835-1910 马克.吐温 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》 A Tramp Abroad 《国外漫游》 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆.索耶历险记》 Life on the Mississippi 《密西西北河上》 The 30000 Bequest 《三万元的遗产》 Tom Sawyer Abroad 《汤姆.索耶在国外》 Mark Twains Speeches 《演讲集》 The Innocents Abroad 《傻子出国记》 Tom Sawyer Detective 《汤姆.索耶探案》 The Prince and the Pauper 《王子与贫儿》 The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson 《傻瓜威尔逊的悲剧》 What is Man 《什么是人》 William Thackeray 1811-1863 威廉.萨克雷 Vanity Fair 《名利场》 The Rose and the Ring 《玫瑰与戒指》 Edith Wharton 1862-1937 伊迪丝.华顿 Bunner Sisters 《邦纳姐妹》 House of Mirth 《欢乐之家》 Summer 《夏天》 The Age of Innocence 《天真的时代》 The Reef 《暗礁》 H. G. Wells 1866-1946 赫伯特.乔治.威尔斯 The War in the Air 《空中战争》 Ann Veronica 《安.维罗尼卡》 The Door in the Wall and Other Stories 《墙中之门》 The War of the Worlds 《星际战争》 The Invisible Man 《隐身人》 The First Man in the Moon 《最先登上月球的人》 Tono Bungay 《托诺.邦盖》 The Island of Doctor Moreau 《莫洛医生的岛屿》 The Time Machine 《时间机器》 Oscar Wilde 1854-1900 奥斯卡.王尔德 An Ideal Husband 《理想丈夫》 A House of Pomegranates 《石榴房子》 A Woman of No Importance 《无足轻重的女人》 Intentions 《意图》 Lady Windermeres Fan 《少奶奶的扇子》 Lord Arthur Saviles Crime and Other Stories 《阿瑟.萨维尔勋爵的罪恶及其它故事》 The Picture of Dorian Gray 《道林.格雷的肖像》 The Importance of Being Earnest 《认真的重要》 The Happy Prince and Other Tales 《快乐王子及其它故事》
第二篇：2018年厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研专业课复习全书
2018年厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研专业课复习全书
本书适用于厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础这门专业课。对于想要18年考研厦门大学英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学两专业的考生，都是必不可少的复习全书。 全书的主要内容有：
1.前言——新鲜有趣的备考精神食粮 (1)院系介绍
(2)专业课资料使用建议 (3)饮食、住宿、交通信息 (4)考研寄语 2.专业课深度解析
(1)2003—2015年历年考点分布及题型结构 (2)2013-2015试题分析及2017年命题预测 (3)专业课复习建议、注意事项 (4)高分学长分享考研初试经验 3.参考书核心考点解析
这部分是全书的精华，按考试科目的内容分为语言学、文学、翻译、写作及阅读共三篇。每篇包括的内容如下：
A：语言学
每个章节包括以下几块内容：
(1)知识框架
(2)复习提示
(3)知识详解考题预测
(4)考点分析(考点提炼、评估重要程度)
(5)考题预测
B：文学
(1)学科整体介绍及复习建议
(2)背景知识
(3)作家作品集锦
(4)名词解释集锦
(5)作品人物分析(英美两国作家各时期作品人物分析)
(6)问答题集锦
(7)诗歌鉴赏(诗歌实例分析讲解)
(8)习题及参考答案
C:阅读
(1)近年优秀考生和名师经验总结 (2)阅读题型全攻略 4.专业课历年真题及答案解析
(1)2003—2015年历年真题原题
(2)2003—2015年参考答案及解题分析
(3)答题高分技巧，包括题型解析、真题举例
第三篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1.船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2.威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3.约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4.罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5.安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
第四篇：英美文学
英国文学知识点梳理：
1.Renaissance: ( from 14th century to 17th century)
Definition: Renaissance is commonly applied to the movement or period in Western civilization, which marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. An age of drama and poetry.
Reasons:the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astronomy, the religious reformation and economic expansion
Significance: a reflection of the class struggle waged by the new rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology.
William Caxton—the first person who introduced printing into England.
Sonnet: originated in Italy, sonnet is a fourteen-line poem with a distinctiverhyme scheme and metrical pattern. It was introduced to England by Sir Wyatt in the early stage of English Renaissance and then further cultivated by Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare so as to produce respectively the Spenserian stanza and
Shakespearian stanza, both of which exerted great influence on the successing poets.Shakespearian Stanza: Shakespearean Sonnet is made up of three quatrains(四行诗节) with different rhymes, followed by a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg. Spenserian Stanza: invented by Edmund Spenser. It is a stanza of 9 lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步& the last line in iambic hexameter抑扬格六音步, rhyming ababbcbcc.
blank verse—is unrhymed poetry with each line written in iambic pentamet Metaphysical Poetry:
Definition:The term is commonly used to name the work in the 17th century written by the writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.Representatives: John Donne & George Herbert
Technique: Peculiar/Metaphysical conceits(奇喻)
General Features: a. The diction is simple and echoes the words and cadence of
common speech.The imagery is drawn from the actual life yet subtle, the extended metaphors for such images are typically called “metaphysical/peculiar
conceits”. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s loved, with God, or with himself.
2.Neo-classic Period:
1)The Enlightenment Movement—The Age of Reason
Definition: The Enlightenment refers to a progressive intellectual movement
throughout Western Europe that spans approximately one hundred years from
1680s to 1789.
Purpose: to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and
artistic ideas.
2) Neoclassicism: (Main literary form—English Novels)
Definition: In literary criticism, this term refers to the revival of the attitudes and
styles of expression of classical literature. It is generally used to describe a period in
European history beginning in the late seventeenth century and lasting until about
1800.
Characteristics of Neoclassical Literature: fixed laws and rules for almost every
genre of literature. Prose: lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, each class
guided by its own principles. Drama: in Heroic Couplet; strictly observation of the 3
unity of time, space andaction; regularity in construction; type characters
rather than individuals. Mainstream of literature: realism—writers described the
social realities.
3.Romantic Period: (an age of poetry)
1) Romanticism
English Romanticism is said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of
Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with
Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the
Parliament.
2) Characteristics of the Age
The Romantic Age is emphatically an age of poetry.Women novelists appeared in this age. It was during this period that women assumed, for the first time, an important place in English literature. (Jane Austen)The greatest historical novelists Walter Scott belongs to this period. His
historical novels combines a romantic atmosphere with a realistic depiction of
historical background and common people’s life. Scott marked the transition
from romanticism to the period of realism that followed it.
4.The Victorian Period:
1) Victorian Literature
The novel became the most widely read and most vital and challenging
expression of progressive thought.
The Victorian age was also a great one for non-fictional prose.The poets of this period were mainly characterized by their experiment with
new styles and new ways of expression.
2) Critical Realism
English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the 1840s and early 1850s.It found its expression mainly in the writing of novels and the greatest
English critical realist of the time was Charles Dickens—a humorist and
satirist, a great bourgoisie intellect who could not overstep the limits of
his class.The English critical realism of the 19th century not only gave a satirical
portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed
profound sympathy for the common people.
5.The Modern Period—marked by the publification of T. S. Eliot’s The Wast
Land: (Prevailing Genre: Fictions)
1) Cultural Background
Darwin’s Origin of Species and social Darwinism;Einstein’s theory of relativity; Freud’s
analytical psychology; irrational philosophers including Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and
Bergson.
2) The Differences Between Realism and Modernism:
Realism: Theoratical Base ---Rational PhilosophyFunction of Literature--- Educate
People and Criticize Social EvilsSubject--- Public, Exterior WorldConception of
Time &Space--- Clock Time, Geographic spaceForms and Techniques--- Hero, Plot
Tone--- Optimistic
Modernism: Theoratical Base --- Irrational PhilosophyFunction of Literature---
Expression of "Self"Subject--- Private, Interior World
Conception ofTime &Space--- Psychological Time &SpaceForms and Techniques---
Anti-hero, Anti-plot
Tone--- Pessimistic
Modernism is , in many aspects, a reaction against rationalism, it rose out of
skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The Major theme of Modernism:
distoreted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society,
man and man, and man and himself.
Literary Trends: expressionism, surrealism(超现实主义), futurism, imagism and stream
of consciousness, existentialsm.
美国文学
1. Literature of Colonial Period
a. Indian tribes had a rich store of oral literature in the forms of songs, spells, charms,
omens ,riddles and stories.
b. Three stages: Traditional literature, Transitional Literature, Modern Literaturec. The first permanent English settlement was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
d. Puritanism :Origin of Puritan
Doctrines:based on Calvinism1)predestination2)original sin and total depravity
3)limited atonement4)theocracy
Influence on American Literature 1)Its optimism has exerted a great influence on
American literature2)Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception changed
gradually into a literary symbolism
e. Literature of Colonial Settlement: Forms: histories, travel account, biographies,
diaries, letters, autobiographies, sermons and poems. Characteristics:1) American
colonial literature is neither real literature nor American. 2) Their writings served either
God or colonial expansion
2. The Literature of the Revolutionary Period:
a. The Age of Reason: Definition:A rational society is that “reforms the mind,
sweetens the temper, cheers the spirits, and promotes health”(by Thomas
Jefferson).
b. The forms of literature: ballads, skits, broadsides, newspaper poems, editorials,
essays, private and public letters, satires, pamphlets
3. The Literature of the Romantic Period
1) American Romanticism: an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe
in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on
the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and
forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.
native factors: It is a period following American independence.(Political independence,
economic development and territorial expansion contributed much to literature.
foreign influence: Romanticism emerged from England and it added impetusto the
growthof Romanticism in America.
2) Distinct Features of American Romanticism
a. It was in essence the expression of a real new experience
b. American Puritanism served as a cultural heritage in American literature. c. American new ideals were strong enough to inspire Romantic spirit
d. both imitative & independent
4.The Literature of the Realistic Period:
a. Realism:is a term applied to literary composition that aims at an prejudice, idealism, or romantic color.
b. Time:Realism flourished from the Civil War to the turn of the century.
c. Features: (1) It stresses truthful treatment of material. (2) Characterization is the center of the story. (3) Open ending is a good example of the truthful treatment of material. (4) Realism focuses on common characters and everyday events. (5) Realism emphasizes objectivity. (6) Realism presents moral vision.
d. Two Literary Trends:
1)Local Color(or Local Corlorism/Regionalism etc.)
a. Local Color is a term applied to literature which, asthat have escaped standardizing cultural influences
b. Features: Presenting a locale which is distinguished from the outside world; Describing the exotic and the picturesque; Nostalgia; Showing things as they are; The influence of setting on character(environmental determinism)
2) Naturalism:
a. Background: 1) Darwinism’s key points: the struggle for existence or evolution, the survival of the fittest, natural selection. 2) SocialDarwinism: the weak and stupid would fall victim in the natural course of events to economic forces.
b. Definition: Naturalism is a critical term applied to the method of literary
composition
c. Features:Humans are controlled by laws of heredity and environment. The universe is cold, godless, indifferent, and hostile to human desires.
The literary naturalists have a major difference from the realists. (Violent, sensational, sordid, unpleasant and ugly vs. genteel)
5. The Literature of the Modernist Period:
1). Modernism:
Cultural Background: Darwin’s Origin of Species; Freud’s analytical psychology(libido, id, ego, superego); Irrational Philosophers: Schopenhauer & Nietzsche
Modernist literature is characterized chiefly by a rejection of 19th-century traditions.
2) Imagism:(Leaders: Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell)
Definition: Imagism is the doctrine and poetic practice of a small but influential group of American and British poets calling themselves imagists between 1912 and 1917. Aiming at a new clarity and exactness in the short lyric poem, the imagists cultivated concision and directness, building their short poems around single images; they also preferred looser cadences to traditional regular rhythms.
Features: Free choice of subject matter, Free verse, Image Without interpretation or comment
Influences: a. The imagist theories call for brief language, describing the precise picture in as few words as possible. This new way of poetry composition has a lasting influence in the 20th century poetry. b. The second lasting influence of Imagism is the form of free verse. There are no metrical rules. There are apparent indiscriminate line breaks, which reflects the discontinuity of life itself. That is art of the poem. (The poet uses the length of the lines and the strange groupings of words to show how life itself can be broken up into somehow meaningless clusters.)
2)The Lost Generation:
.first used by Gertrude Stein, an American woman writer, who was one of the leaders of the group,the term defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness. The WWI destroyed the innocent ideas, many good young men went to the war and died, or
returned damaged, both physically and mentally; their moral faith were no longer valid--- they were “Lost.”
In the Narrow Sense: a group ofAmerican writers, including Hemingway,
F.S.Fitzgerald, J.Dos Passos, E.E.Cummings, Sherwood Anderson, and Hart Crane, etc.
In the Broad Sense: the entire post WWI American young generation
Main Characteristics: Suffering from the war, losing beliefs, being cut off from life, indulged in drinking and partying.
第五篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we've essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom. The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects. The two main effects respectively lie in Britain'international relationships and the make-up of the British population.
UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.
London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields. England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.
A British invasions history which experiences from stages.
Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.
Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.
A brief introduction to Wales.
Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.
Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession. The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.
There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.
British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.
More violent campaign, IRA's violence and Bloody Sunday.
In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution. Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.
Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons. I'm looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.