总结对于个人的成长而言，是我们反思自身、了解自身、明确目标的重要方式，通过编写的总结报告，我们可以在工作回顾中，寻找出自身的工作难点，掌握自身的工作优势，更加明确自身的发展方向。今天小编给大家找来了《雅思写作总结范文》，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
第一篇：雅思写作总结范文
雅思写作总结句
篇一：雅思写作常用黄金总结句
雅思写作常用黄金总结句
在复习雅思过程中同学们可以适当总结雅思写作中常用句型，比如小编下面汇总的万用总结句，在不同的题目中可以将这些作为骨架，加入具体细节性内容，这样快速写出一篇中规中矩的雅思作文。也可以积累下列句型，加入一些特殊词汇为自己的写作增加色彩。 雅思写作黄金总结句之1.表示原因
1)there are three reasons for this. 2)the reasons for this are as follows. 3)the reason for this is obvious. 4)the reason for this is not far to seek. 5)the reason for this is that... 雅思写作黄金总结句之2.表示好处
1)it has the following advantages. 2)it does us a lot of good. 3)it benefits us quite a lot. 4)it is of great benefit to us. 雅思写作黄金总结句之3.表示坏处
1)it has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)it does us much harm. 3)it is harmful to us. 雅思写作黄金总结句之4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)it is important(necessary，difficult，convenient，possible)for sb.to do sth. 2)we think it necessary to do sth. 3)it plays an important role in our life. 雅思写作黄金总结句之5.表示措施
1)we should take some effective measures. 3)we should do our utmost in doing sth. 4)we should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with. 雅思写作黄金总结句之6.表示变化
1)some have taken place in the past five years. 句之7.表示事实、现状
1)no the fact that... 2)there is no denying the fact that... 3)this phenomenon that many people are interested in. 4)howevers not the case. 句之8.表示比较
1)there striking contrast between them. 句之9.表示数量
1)it increased(decreased)from...to... 2)the population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800，000. 1)people have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth. 2)people different opinions on this problem. 3)people different views of(on)the question. 4)some believe that...others argue that... 篇二：雅思写作：高分结尾总结句
写作：高分结尾总结句
changes 雅思写作黄金总结one can deny is a ，that’雅思写作黄金总结is a 雅思写作黄金总结has have take people 雅思雅思作文结尾段优秀句型，今天大家带来的是关于雅思作文结尾段优秀句型的详细介绍，供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
雅思作文结尾句型推荐：
1)in short，it can be said that.。
2)it may be briefly summed up as follows。
4)in general/above all/with the result that/as a result/consequently。. 5)as far as i am concerned/as for me, .。. 6)this truth above seems to be self-evident。
7)whether we examine the above, such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone。
8)in my point of view, i like/prefer a much more than b。
9)i still prefer a, however, for they teach me not only to be ...but also to be...，both in...and in...。 10) there is no doubt that。
11) in order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to。
12)to a large extent,..., therefore, reflects。
13)if all above mentioned measures are achieved。
14) wherever you are and whatever you do, ...is always meaningful。
15)so clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it。 16)now, which one do you prefer-----the one...or the one...? were it left to me to select, i should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter。
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以上就是雅思小编带来的关于雅思作文结尾段优秀句型的详细介绍，希望对大家有所帮助，雅思小编最后祝大家都能取得好成绩顺利踏上留学之路。 篇三：雅思作文-好句总结 好句总结：
1 多用such替换the ,a . 例：admittedly, such issue ,to some extent,has given rise to a bunch of familiar questions.(模板的第3段开头)
2 开头句型：(放在文章中间也很好的句子)
3 as our lives are saturated with the flood of (advertisements) ,no one can avoid being influenced by ads.(ads 错的，不能用简写哦~) 4 (bad traffic and increasing pollution) are thorny issues challenging every major city in the globe.(in the globe全世界)
3 好处句型! 2 a exert a positive impact on …. 3 a can an effective way to (help)……(简单但好用) 4 few things can be more (impressive)than ….that… (新3的哦，推荐) 5 play a pivotal role in … 6 benefit from ../ profit from…一般
7 promot the development of .. 8 a is the cornerstone of …
9 remove the barrier for .. 10 raise one’s awareness of …常用
11 enable sb to do …
12 sb is the ultimate beneficiary (sb是。。的最终受益者，社会问题类说人们应该自己也承担责任用)
13 consolidates its status as the .. 14 get a clear perspective of .. 15 give a boost to .. 16 a is an indispensable part of b 17 a is irreplaceable tp b 18 the signigicant of a to b can never be ingored 19 a is the key ingredient to b~~ 20 a made it possibe for sb to…
21 a exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people . (新3的哦，推荐) find it impossible to resist the temptation to do …. 22 needless to say / indeed ,……(可以放在任一句开头，很好用哦~)
23 develop an unshakable faith in …
24 have a reputation of .. 25 nothing can catch them for …
26 make a contribution to (也可作写坏处的句子 the city make its own contribution to noise) 27 build bridges between 28 特别的
improve one’s physical and psychological wellbeing /soundness 身体心理健康 optimise people’s living standards 提高人们生活水平
eradicate poverty 消除贫困
it’s not a that are important ,but b satisfy basic (human) needs 满足要求
ease the tension and conflicts between alleviate the problem of 消除冲突和紧张 be fully aware of the consequences the impact of (sporting activities) goes far beyond the bounds of (leisure and recreation.) 3 坏处的句型
1 drive up the crime rate .. 2 widen the gap between a 3 pose a (direct) threat to …
4 stifle creativity 5 diminish individual’s leisure time…
6 spin out of control 7 tension and conflicts between…
8 detrimental/negative/adverse influence(impact)upon/on 10 with …
11 deprive one of sth 12 cause of …
13 with sth 14 of …. 15 be confronted with sth 16 to …
17 national identity 18 for 19 is an vicious circle 20 (scientific) progress 21 yawning gap between 22 devastating problem 23 is ruined 25 things can go wrong on a big scale
cause(creat) exert(have) be afflicted sth is the root be saturated at the expense run contrary erode the pose a dilemma hamper there is a pose a the reputation 26 sth is always faced with a difficult task /problem 27 it is impossible to 28 have (little) difficulties in doing 29pay the price for (fame) 30 (pollution) is the price we pay for( overpopulated ,over industrialized planet ) 31 people seem to fail to take into account the fact that ….好句!!
32 lead to some unfavorable results 33 sacrifice ….for …
34 there is a major concern over t he world about …. 35 give rise to a bunch of familiar questions 37 the problem of ( information overloaded ) exacerbated by (the growth …) 4 解决问题类
小模板：(经济学人) 1evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on ….,saying clearly (that..). 2other policies (such as 。) can be taken to back up the policy . 3 one helpful step is to … ,another possibility is to improve …. , so that …. 4 it should be an addtion to the policy work ,not a substitute. 5 the more effort put in and wider (the whole school) involvement ,the substantial the results are likely to be . 1 give priority to sth 2 shoulder the responsibility to 4 impose restrictions on.. 5 take …into account /consideration 6 should be increasingly focus on…rather than …
7 what will make the most difference is …..the new study makes this point even more starkly 8 there are ways of dealing with the topic through …, …. and ….. three factors are involved in this change. 新概念3+剑桥好句：
1 apparently,there is a good deal of truth in this idea./there is an element of truth in both agreements 2more importantly/significantly,there is still good evidence that …
5 has given rise to a bunch of familiar questions. 6 it’s not a that are important ,but b 7 providing more parking area, in the long run ,has proved to be a practical way out in many large cities in the world.插入语
8 not only had the poor man been arrested ,but he had been sent to prison ,as well 9 it has been estimated that …据估计
10 considering the amount she paid ,he was dear in more ways than one .非谓语 fearing that she would never see ratus again 12 avoid squandering money on 避免浪费钱在。。上
13 shoulder important responsibilities on major global issues 14these regions are fragile not just in terms of their ecology,but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. 27 but what happened was that it became ,overwhelmingly, a medium for tekking stories. 插入语
28unfortunately, they are the ones the organisation can least afford to lose. 29 there is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs. an abundance of 大量的，好!
30 managers, must be sure ,therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals. 插入语
31to varying degree, we all have secrets which……
33 it seemed certain that 34 广告much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste,we are no longer free to choose the things we want ,for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us . 35 in time ,it became an accepted fact that … 篇四：雅思写作过渡句总结
sand过渡句模板：
一.ban类模板： para 2：
1. it goes without saying that… but…
2. apparently, those who hold that… do have their reasons. 3. indeed, a point of those opponents should not be neglected that …
4. there is no doubt that… does/do…. para 3：
1. it is essential for us to realize that without… , more serious problems would be exerted in various aspects. 2. there are a great deal of benefits brought by …. which far outweigh its drawbacks. 3. what makes me have the belief that …. should not be banned is because…
5. whether this problem can be solved by the prohibition of….. , from my point of view, is quite questionable. 二.比较类模板：
①替换类 para 2：
1. there are those who prefer a to b for a simple reason that …. 2. admittedly, a is superior to b in some sense as it can…
para 3: 1. we have to admit that there is some element of truth in the above argument, but some of b’s own benefits are also irreplaceable. 2. although, the above argument sounds reasonable, the advantages of b should not be neglected, either. 3. what makes me have the belief that a should not totally replace b despite of its obvious advantages , is because there are also some irreplaceable benefits brought by b. ②重要性比较类 para2：
1. apparently those people who hold that… do have there reasons. 2. it goes without saying that…
3. there is no doubt that…
4. the reason why some people regard … as the most great … is that…
para 3: 1. we have to admit that…/indeed/admittedly…. however, in my opinion, b is even more important than a/as important as a. 2. admittedly,….. nevertheless, without b, a could not …. 3. admittedly,… however, b is also superior to a in several aspects. ③比较建议类
para 2：
1. those who hold that… do have their reasons. 2. indeed, a great many benefits will be brought by …
3. the reason why some people table this proposal can be analyzed in two aspects. 4. it cannot be denied that there still exist some disadvantages of …
5. of course, i am not denying the merits of …
para 3: 1. what makes me have the belief that …. is because 2. we have to admit that there is some element of truth of the above argument. in my opinion, nevertheless, fairness should be prior to advantages, only through which can we… 3. no matter how reasonablethe proposal sounds, we should not neglect the most important element: fairness. ④ only类
para 2: para3: 三.问题解决类：
para 2：
1. we have to admit that those who table this proposal do have their reasons. indeed, if it were… 2. it seems that the proposal to … does help us to … to some extent. indeed, if it were… para 3: 1. although the practice may have its positive side, on no account should the problems related to it be ignored. 2. admittedly, the advantages of this practice is obvious, but whether this can be implemented smoothly , in my opinion, is quite questionable. 3. indeed this practice is effective, but the point we should not ignored is that unless you realize the importance of it, the problem can be totally resolved. 4. although at first glance the practice sounds reasonable and appealing, but it is not borne out by a careful consideration while the former/latter opinion is more convincing. 四.建议类/利弊分析：
para 2：
1. apparently, those who hold that… do have their reasons to some extent. 2. undoubtedly, the practice has its merits/demerits as it is beneficial/detrimental for sb. to do… 3. …is superior/detrimental in several ways, of which perhaps the most fundamental is that… para 3: 1. although the practice may have its positive side, on no account should the problems related to it be ignored. 2. however, … served as a double-edged sword. in other words, the inferiority of it co-exit with its superiorities. 3. we have to admit that there is some element of truth of the above argument. in my opinion, the advantages/disadvantages of it far outweigh its advantages/disadvantages. 4. despite the advantages/disadvantages … has, it also has its disadvantages/advantages. 五.both views: para 2: 1. apparently , those who hold/advocate/propose… do have their reasons to a certain extent. 2. on the one hand, the proposal sounds reasonable to a certain extent. 3. what makes sb. have the belief that… is that…
para 3: 1. while we have to admit that there is some element of truth in the above argument, the latter opinion, nevertheless, is more convincing to me. indeed… the point should not be overlooked that …
2. on the other hand, those who… also have a point. indeed, …
3. despite the fact that a seemingly enjoys considerable advantage in…., the point should be by no means neglected that…
b in several main aspects. 5. to choose a or b is something of a dilemma to the public, because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of a, and neglect the genuinely good aspects of b. lead-in sentence : 1. over the past decade, the issue of … has risen to the top of the agenda for …
2. …mainly stem from several factors, including... 3. … ,with its potential to impact every corner of the world, is an issue that must be addressed by the world. 4. for now the world has a more urgent mission: …... 5. scientists and experts are working together to find ways to ……. 6. …… is set to attract worldwide attention. 7. …… has brought about many changes in people’s lives, for instance, ……. 8. we are entering a new era of _____. conclusion: it is true that…, however, ……
in conclusion, in order to…, … should …
having considered the arguments of both views, my conclusion is that… 篇五：雅思总结雅思写作必备的72种句型(1-30句)免费下载
雅思总结雅思写作必备的72种句型(1-30句)免费下载.txt不要为旧的悲伤而浪费新的眼泪!现在干什么事都要有经验的，除了老婆。没有100分的另一半，只有50分的两个人。1.it作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
she had said what it was necessary to say。
2.强调句型
it is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us。
3.all+抽象名词或抽象名词+itself(very+形容词
he was all gentleness to her。
4.利用词汇重复表示强调
a crime is a crime。
5.something(much)of和nothing(little)ofsomething of相当于to some extent，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为anything of ，可译为有点，略微等。译为毫无，全无。much of译为大有，not much of可译为算不上，称不上，little of可译为几乎无。 something like译为有点像，略似。
they say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar。
6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，of以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰of后面的那个名词。如her old sharper of a father，可译为：她那骗子般的父亲。
those pigs of girls eat so much。
7.as...as...can(may)beit is as plain as plain can be。
8.it is in(with)...as in(with) it is in life as in a journey。
9.as good as...相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。
the merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him。
10.many as well...as和might as well ...as many as well...as可译
为与其......，不如......，更好，以这样做......为宜，如同......，也可以......等等。might as well ...as表示不可能的事，可译为犹如......，可与......一样荒唐，与其那样不如这样的好等等。
one may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly。
11.to make...of的译法(使......成为......，把......当作)i will make a scientist of my son。
12.oo...+不定式，not(never)too...+不定式，too...not+不定式she is too angry to speak。
13.only(not, all, but, never) too ...to do so 和too ready (apt) + to do结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是not，allbut等字后+too...to，不定式都失去了否定意义，在too ready(apt) +to do结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。
you know but too yell to hold your tongue。
14.no more ...than...句型a home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man。
15.not so much...as和not so much as ...结构，not so much...as=not so much as ...，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：与其说是......毋须说是......。而not so much as=without(not)even，可译为甚至......还没有。
the oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it 。
16.nothing is more...than和nothing is so ...as结构，nothing is more...than和nothing is so ...as都具有最高级比较的意思，nothing i可换用no，nobody，nowhere，little，few，hardly，scarcely等等，可译为没有...... 比......更为，像......再没有了，最......等。
nothing is more precious than time。
17.cannot...too...结构，cannot...too...意为it is impossible to overdo...或者，即无论怎样......也不算过分。not可换用hardly，scarcely等，too可换用enough，sufficient等you cannot be too careful。
18.否定+but 结构，在否定词后面的but，具有which not，who not，that not，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成没有......不是或......都......等nothing is so bad but it might have been worse。
19.否定+until (till)结构，在否定词no，not，never，little，few，
seldom等的后边所接用的until/till，多数情况下译为 直到......才......，要......才......，把否定译为肯定。
nobody knows what he can do till he has tried。
20.not so...but和not such a ...but结构，这两个结构和否定+but的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的but是含有that...not意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为还没有......到不能做......的程度，并不是......不......，无论怎样......也不是不能......等。
21.疑问词+should...but 结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为none...but，可译为除了......还有谁会......，岂料，想不到......竟是......等。
22.who knows but (that)...和who could should...but结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为多半，亦未可知等等，有时也可直译。
23.祈使句+and和祈使句+or结构，祈使句+and表示if...you...，祈使名+or表示if...not...，you。
24.名词+and结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
a word, and he would lose his temper。
25.as...，so...结构，这里的so的意思是in the same way(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
as rust eats iron, so care eats the heart。
26.if any结构，if any和if ever，意思是果真有......，即使有......，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：if anything(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，if a day(=at least，至少)。
there is little, if any, hope。
27.be it ever(never)so和let it be ever(never)so结构，这里，be it中的be是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用let it be。ever so和never so都表示同一意思，都表示very。
be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble)， home is home。
28.the last+不定式和the last +定语从词结构，这种结构中的last意思是the least likely，用于否定性推论。可译为最不大可能的，最不合适的，由原意的最后一个......变成最不可能......的一个。
he is the last man to accept a bride。
29.so...that...句型，这个句型的意思是如此......，以致于......，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成如此......以致于......，而是变通表达其含义。
he ran so fast that nobody could catch him up。
30.more + than+原级形容词(副词)结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的more有rather的意思。
it is more than probable that he will fall。
第二篇：雅思总结 写作
环境类：
1. exhaust gas emission/ emit exhaust gases 2. release waste water/ industrial effluent 3. make noises 4. environmentally friendly. 5. it is environmentally friendly to charge on plastic bags to reduce plastic bag consumption in the market 教育类
1. create a competitive atmosphere 2. cooperation/cooperate 3. all-round talent 4. nine-year compulsory education 5. professional training/ job-oriented training 6. form a sound personality 7. higher education helps form a sound personality which is beneficial for students’ future development. 8. cope with/deal with 处理，应对 to cope with pressure from work.
医疗疾病类
1. heart attack; high blood pressure; stroke; diabetes; diarrhea; over-weight/ obesity 2. Many young children suffer from obesity due to intaking too much junk food. 3. contagious/ infectious diseases 科技类
Communication; transportation 1. surf the internet 2. net-meeting software 3. instant messege tools 4. on-line shopping; on-line banking system; transaction交易
句型
1. Thanks to …., we would be able to/ have the opportunity to/ are allowed to…
2. education helps an individual obtain not only professional knowledge, but more importantly, it helps to develop
a sound personality. 3. By taking advantage of (making full use of)…, we…. 4. Considering+名词, we…(行动) status quo; Taking +名词into consideration, we+(行动) 5. 密切相关
be closely related to…/Have a strong connection between…and…/link between… and …
例句The number of college graduates is closely related to the degree of a country’s civilization.
Whether the environment is well protected or not is closely related to the sustainable development of the society 6. There are three reasons to illustrate… 7. A be originated from B
8. When it comes to …, there is no division between A and B.
The line chart; the trend-line graph; the digram
The line chart depicts the number of foreign travellers visiting Australia from 1975 to 2005. The number increased gradually from exactly 10 to just over 30 million during this period. Throughout the period. Approximately; roughly; nearly; about Just over; just under Well over; well under There was an increase of the number
The number experienced/welcome an increase….. However, Suffered/experienced a decrease
The line chart compares the number of smokers every 1,000 among the genders from 1960 to 2000 in Someland. Generally speaking/ As an overall trend/ Basically, there were always more male smokers than their female counterparts.
In 1962, the rate for men stood at 600 per 1000./ The figure decreased slowly to 580 in 1972 and continued to decline but more steeply to 260 by 2003. However, the situation for women was quite different. There were 100 women smoking per 1000 in 1962, which was much lower than men. The number went up gradually to 190 in 1972 and continued to climb but more rapidly to roughly 300 by 1977. The figure then levelled out at 300 until 1983 at which point it started to decline and had dropped steadily to approximately 200 in 2002.
The number of cases stood at 100 in 1983. It increased minimally to roughly 110 by 1985 and continued to climb to 200 by the year of 1987. However, the number of cases dropped to the original level in the following year but then recovered quickly and had reached a peak at 400 in 1989. After a slight decrease by 50 in 1990, the figure levelled out at 350 until 1991 at which point it started to decline dramatically and had eradicated from someland in 1992.
The line chart compares the GDP growth rates in Japan, America and rest of Asia from 1995 to 2001. Generally speaking, the growing trends of rates in three regions did not correlate with each other throughout the period.
The two trend lines compare the trade balances figures in manufacturing and aguiculture sectors from 1991 to 2001. As an overall trend, it can be clearly seen that the trade balances were always positive in both sectors throughout the period. The imports in manufacturing sector increased from just over 2 $bn in 1991 to just under $6 bn in 2001 with fewer fluctuations. Follow the same trend but more fluctuations.
The bar charts compare the number of deaths caused by six diseases with the amount of fund allocated to those diseases in 1990 in someland.
When it comes to the number of deaths, TB contributed to 1.8 million deaths, which was the highest among all diseases. Diarrhea remained the second place of 0.5 million, followed by Malaria, TD, AIDS, and Leprosy with XX,XX,XX and XX respectively.
As to the amount of fund allocation, there was 180 million dollars put into the reseach of AIDS. /used for remedies of AIDS. , which ranked the top of all diseases. TD and Leprosy spent equally of 80 million dollars, which was much lower than that of AIDS. The spending on Diarrhea, Malaria and TB ranged from 0 to 60 million dollars, which accounted for
less than 20% of total fund allocation.
The first line chart compares the number of visitors going abroad from UK with those coming to UK for travelling. While the second bar chart demonstrates five countries/resorts which were most popular for UK visitors in 1999.
Noticeably,
The pie charts compare the highest level of education achieved by women in someland across two years, 1945 and 1995. |As an overall trend, it can be clearly seen that women were much better educated in 1995 than in 1945.
In 1945, 20 percent of women received secondary education, among which 1% of them went on to college for their first
degree.
The table compares the railway systems in six cities in three aspects: opening date, length of routes and passengers carrying per year.
As to the date of opening, railway was firstly constructed in London in the year of 1863. Subsequently, Pairs, Tokyo, Washingdon DC and Kyoto owned their
thrailways in the 20 century in the years of 1900, 1927,1976 and 1981 respectively. It was not until 2001 did Los Angeles construct its railway system.
According to the table, the length of route in London remained the longest of 394 km. The route in Washington, Tokyo and Paris ranged from 100 to 200 kms. In comparison, Kyoto and Los Angeles had the shortest routes among the all, with
11km and 28 km respectively.
Despite of the long route of railway in London, the number of passegers carried per year there ranked only the third place of six cities (755 million). On the other hand, railways in Tokyo and Paris turned out to be the busist with 1927 and 1191 million passengers respectively. On the contrary, the number of passengers carried in Kyoto, Los Angeles and Washington DC varied from 40 to 150 million per year.
The table compares two Indian Ocean countries of Madagascar and Mauritus in five aspects.
In terms of suface area, Madagascar was 12823 km2, which was nearly six times larger than Mauritus. The population in Mauritus was 456 million in 1999, which was only one sixth of that in Madagascar. Moreover, the variance was expected to become more significant, because the population growth rate in Madagascar was 12% compared with 2% in Mauritus.
The number increased sharply from 10 to (about; approximately; nearly;roughly)(just over/well over;just under/well under)30 million during the period.(throughout the period) There was an upward trend of the number
In 1960, there was 600 men in 1000 smoking./ In 1960, the number of male smokers per 1000 stood at 600. The rate declined steadily to roughly 580 in (by) 1973 and continued to decrease but more sharply to approximately 300 by 2002.
In contrast/by comparison/on the contrary, the rate of women started low at just under 100. The rate rose slightly to around 180 in 1973 and continued to increase but more quickly to roughly 300 in 1977. The number remained stable at 300 until 1982 at which point it started to decline and had dropped to 190 in 2002.
In conclusion, there were always more male smokers than female smokers thoughout the period and the smoking rates for them were both declining recentely.
The table describes the underground railways systems in six cities in terms of/ in the respects of/ in the aspects of opening date, length of routes, passengers per year.
When it comes to the opening date, railway firstly appeared in London in 1863. Railways were subsequently constructed in ththe 20 centery in Paris, Tokyo, Washingdon DC and Kyoto. It was not until 2001 did Los Angeles have underground railways.
As to the length of route/
Noticeably
.
第三篇：雅思写作常见错误经典归纳总结
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
雅思写作常见错误经典归纳总结
为了帮助考生们更好地备考雅思写作考试，文都国际教育小编给大家带来雅思写作常见错误经典归纳总结，以下是详细内容，希望对同学们的备考有所帮助!
一、不一致(disagreements)
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等.
例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.
改为： once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二、修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers)
英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末.
三、句子不完整(sentence fragments)
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文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.
例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析：本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句.
改为：there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.
四、悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了.
改为：
when i was ten, my grandfather died.
例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚.
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
改为：
to do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五、词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)
“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.
例1. none can negative the importance of money.
剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。
改为：
none can deny the importance of money.
六、指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)
读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：
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文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：
we can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七、不间断句子(run-on sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：
there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八、措词毛病(troubles in diction)
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
diction 是指在特定的句子中怎样适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
改为：
the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九、累赘(redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：
in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：in spite of his laziness, i like him.
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
改为：
diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十、不连贯(incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析：the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。
改为：
fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
十一、综合性语言错误(comprehensive misusage)
所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。
例1.today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
以上就是小编分享的雅思写作常见错误经典归纳总结，希望对同学们的备考有帮助。最后，预祝大家考出理想的成绩。
文章来源于文都国际教育：http:///kaopei/ielts/writing_ielts/11398.shtml 文都国际教育官方网站：http:///
第四篇：写作写作期末总结[模版]
一、向上级（下级）机关行文应当遵循的规则
第十五条向上级机关行文，应当遵循以下规则：
（一）原则上主送一个上级机关，根据需要同时抄送相关上级机关和同级机关，不抄送下级机关。
（二）党委、政府的部门向上级主管部门请示、报告重大事项，应当经本级党委、政府同意或者授权；属于部门职权范围内的事项应当直接报送上级主管部门。
（三）下级机关的请示事项，如需以本机关名义向上级机关请示，应当提出倾向性意见后上报，不得原文转报上级机关。
（四）请示应当一文一事。不得在报告等非请示性公文中夹带请示事项。
（五）除上级机关负责人直接交办事项外，不得以本机关名义向上级机关负责人报送公文，不得以本机关负责人名义向上级机关报送公文。
（六）受双重领导的机关向一个上级机关行文，必要时抄送另一个上级机关。
第十六条向下级机关行文，应当遵循以下规则：
（一）主送受理机关，根据需要抄送相关机关。重要行文应当同时抄送发文机关的直接上级机关。
（二）党委、政府的办公厅（室）根据本级党委、政府授权，可以向下级党委、政府行文，其他部门和单位不得向下级党委、政府发布指令性公文或者在公文中向下级党委、政府提出指令性要求。需经政府审批的具体事项，经政府同意后可以由政府职能部门行文，文中须注明已经政府同意。
（三）党委、政府的部门在各自职权范围内可以向下级党委、政府的相关部门行文。
（四）涉及多个部门职权范围内的事务，部门之间未协商一致的，不得向下行文；擅自行文的，上级机关应当责令其纠正或者撤销。
（五）上级机关向受双重领导的下级机关行文，必要时抄送该下级机关的另一个上级机关。
第十七条 同级党政机关、党政机关与其他同级机关必要时可以联合行文。属于党委、政府各自职权范围内的工作，不得联合行文。党委、政府的部门依据职权可以相互行文。部门内设机构除办公厅（室）外不得对外正式行文。
二、请示与报告区别
1.行文时间不同，请示事前行文；批转报告事前，其它事中后
2.行文的目的、作用、答复要求均不同
请示旨在请求批准、指示、支持、帮助，需及时批复 。
报告旨在向上汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议、答复上级询问。
3.受文机关处理方式不同
示必须及时批复；报告除批转性建议外多数不回复
4.正文写作侧重点不同。
请示一文一事，讲原因、述事项、重请求。报告重概括陈述，可多方面汇报情况、总结经验教训，报告“特此报告”可省。请示不能缺“以上请示，请批复”
三、通报与通知区别
1. 一般性质的好人好事，批评一般性质的错误，发内部简报表扬。
2. 如事迹比较典型，错误性质比较严重，就需发通报。
3. 一般性告知下级机关某信息或执行某事项，可用通知；“传达重要精神或者情况”则发通报。
四、批请函与请示区别
向有隶属关系的上级机关请求指示、批准事项用请示。向没有隶属关系的业务主管机关请求批准有关事项，则用请批函；主管机关答复请求审批事项，用审批函。
五、决定与决议区别
1.形成程序不同:决议必经会议讨论通过；决定多由发文机关领导签发生效
2.发布名义不同:决议以会议名义颁布；决定多以机关名义颁布
3.内容不同:决议针对过往活动或事件，得出原则性、理论性的结论性意见；决定针对今后具体事项，作出决断，重在执行
4.表达方式不同:决议突出“议”和“论”；决定侧重布置工作、提出要求，不一定要展开充分的议论
六、意见与报告区别
（1）在适用范围上：意见“适用于对重要问题提出见解和处理办法”；报告“适用于向上级汇报工作，反映情况，答复上级机关的询问”。
（2）在行文方向上 ：报告属于上行文，而意见兼具三种行文关系兼具
（3）在表达方式及针对对象题上：意见重议论，针对的主要是问题；报告重陈述，针对的是具体事实或工作。
七、意见与通知的区别：针对下行文
下行通知的指导性、要求下级办理、执行的强制力较强；
下行意见可以根据实际情况，自主、灵活机动地处理。
八、如何实现应用文主题写作的深刻性原则
1.“以小见大”有意义：会归纳、会提炼，不肤浅，不空洞
2.“ 一语中的”揭本质：简洁凝练，一语道破，一针见血
3.“人无我有”见实力：新创造——别人见不到。新推进——别人缺乏认识的深度。
九、应用文材料选择的具体要求
1.围绕主题单
一、鲜明来选择材料；
2.选择真实、准确的材料
3.选择典型、具体、充分的材料；
4.选择新颖的材料；
十、表彰性文种的结构格式和正文写作要点
通报的格式标题 主送机关正文附件落款（署名日期）例：××有限公司关于表彰（批评）×××的通报
各各部门、各有关机构：
（1）简述先进事迹，包括时间、地点、人物、事迹、怎么做及其结果；
（2）对先进事迹进行分析、评议，指出其典型意义，或概括主要经验；
（3）提出表彰决定；
（4）提出希望和学习号召。
××有限公司××××年×月×日 十
一、布置性通知（工作通知）的结构格式和正文写作要点
Ppt98
工作通知
××××关于××××××的通知
××××××××××××（背景、缘由、问题、依据）
为了××××××××××（目的），现就有关问题通知如下：（文种承启语）
一、×××××××。（事项））
×××××××××。（要求、希望）
××××
××××年×月×日
十二、通告的结构格式和正文写作要点
1．标题1发文机关+事由+文种完全式标题2发文机关+文种3事由+文种4只写文种
2．文号对外张贴 有的标题正下方 序号“第x号”
3．主送机关普发公文无
4．正文三部分：缘由（原因、目的、意义、依据）、承接语+事项+结语（要求、希望，特此通告。可略）
5．落款（发文机关和成文日期）
求职书的的结构格式和正文的写作要点与技巧
（一）标题第一行正中文种
（二）称呼下空一行顶格+单位名称、负责人职务姓名+冒号 可：尊敬的X处长、尊敬的人事部负责人等忌：亲爱的。
（三）问候语可略 称呼下一行另起一段，左空两格，一般写“您好！”，以示尊敬
（四）正文
1、开头问候语下另起一行空两格处开始写正文
（1）简介个人基本情况 年龄、性别、学历学位、职称、技术专长
（2）简介求职缘由 信息的来源渠道 对用人单位的敬慕、热爱等
2、中间突出自己的优势和”闪光点“
（1）强调经历经验、成绩成果；敬业精神；重要社会关系等
（2）强调岗位与人生理想吻合，可充分发挥自身才智与专长
（3）写明必要的工作条件，具体工作设想及所能达到的目标
3、结尾 （1）正文下一行空两格表达恳请与希望
（2）祝颂语：另起行空两格 “此致”，再下行顶格“敬礼”
（五）落款 署名和日期
（六）联系方式地址 电话
（七）附件佐证材料
总结：
总结的标题：
1、单位名称＋时间＋事由＋文种例：深圳市财政局2004年工作总结
2、单位名称＋事由＋文种，或时间＋事由＋文种例：海雅百货公司创先争优活动总结
3、事由＋文种例：比赛总结
4、时间+文种例：季度总结 上半年总结
总结正文的三部分内容：
1、 回顾过去。这是总结的开头部分。简明扼要地总结工作所涉及的时间、单位、
背景、成绩、任务、效果等。
2、 经验体会。这是总结的重点部分。
（1）经验体会：定性定量 要求具体明确清晰地说明工作的方法、措施与成绩、体会、经验、教训。
（2）存在问题：难点疑点 主客观结合分析原因，最好一针见血、深刻明确
3、指导将来 这是总结的结尾部分。努力方向：具体可行
计划（总结）正文结构的各个部分及其写作要求
计划：标题计划单位＋计划期限＋计划内容＋文种
前言：思想和依据：为什么做、
1.依据什么做、能不能做；单位情况
2.目标和任务：做什么、做到什么程度， 定性、定量
3.措施和步骤：怎样做、什么时候完成
4.结尾：执行要求、希望、号召
落款、名称、日期。
单位加盖公章
同属于人事任免事宜，如何区分命令，决定和通知。答：看被任免人员的级别，凡属于国家主席任免的高级干部，通知使用任免令，地方一级的人事任免，往往使用决定或通知。
1、看严肃程度：看任免的领导同志的级别，一般行政单位在自己的职权范围内任免重要部门的主要责任同志同决定，对一般人员的人事变动安排用通知；
2、看任免缘由，或单位负责同志犯严重错误、失职等。
第五篇：雅思地图与流程图写作总结
一、地图题必备结构
(一)总介绍
A stretch out/ extend/ radiate from B to C：A从B延展置C
A be circled by B：A被B环绕
A cover an area of B：A占地面积为B
A be divided into B by C =C divide A into B A被C分成了B(部分)
(二)位置介绍
A be in the middle/ center of B：A在B中心
A be in the vicinity/ proximity/ vicinage of B：A在B邻近
A be within walking distance from B：A离B数步之遥
(三)路径与沿途设施介绍
The route/ path/ lane marked with arrow leads A to B：由箭头引导的路线将A引导至B Going around the first sharp corner, you will find A on your left/ right.
在第一个急转弯处，你会在左侧/ 右侧发现A。
Next to it is B where__________________________
接下来是B(它处于怎样的位置或有怎样功能)
C appear between D and E, as you go further down the route.
你沿着路线走下去，(会发现)C出现在D和E之间。
Finally, you are going to return to the original point after.....
最后，在…之后，你会回到原点。
第二部分：变化图
类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是介绍统一建筑或位置在若干年中的布局、结构变化情况。 必备结构
(一)总介绍
As shown by the maps, A vary obviously over B
如图所示，A在B(时间跨度)间发生了明显变化
Separated into......sections, A have B built in it originally. 划分为…部分，A中原建有B
A take up a total area of B, with C making up..., D...., and E.....
A的总占地面积为B，其中C、D、E分占…(面积)
(二)变化介绍
The area of A remain unchangeable. A的面积没有发生明显变化。
A be removed from B to C after the reconstruction. 重建后，A被从B处移到了C。 The positions of A and B are exchanged. A和B的位置出现了对调。
An extra floor is added up to the Tower A. A上又加盖了一层。
第三部分：区位图
类别解释：该类作文要求考生交代某一地图中各个地点之间的位置关系(在某些情况下，要求考生在若干地点中选择某一个作为特定设施的选点)。
(一)区位关系
A be to the north of B by C(相隔)
A be at the north of B(相切)
A be in the north of B(包含)
A and B share C(共有)
(二)其它
人口概念
The total population of the area is A 该地的总人口数量为A
A residents populate the area. A(数量的)居民住在该地区
交通概念
A radiate in all directions. A(常为交通网络)四通八达。
A be accessible from all directions. 从各个方向都能到达A。
二、流程图必备结构
(一)物资描述
1. The necessaries of the operation include.......
该操作(过程的)必备物资包括......(后填具体物资)
2. Before the initiation of......, the necessities listed below must be available:
在...的操作开始之前，下列物资需要准备完毕：(后接具体物资)
(二)步骤综述
1. It is discernable that the whole process involves...steps
可以观察到的是整个流程包含......步骤。
2. ......stages are mentioned in the procedure of.......
在......的过程中，.......步骤有所提及。
3. The completion of the process falls into.......phases
该流程的完成(被)划分为了.......步骤。
(三)步骤详述(连接词)
1. 开启性连词：Initially/ As the first stage/ To begin theprocess
2. 中间过程连词：Afterwards/ Subsequently/ In furtherance/ Next/ Following this/ Continually/
3. 收尾连词：Finally/ After...., the process of...,...reaches thefinal stage
第一部分：导游图
类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是在一个平面图中进行箭头引导，并要求考生对路线与沿途
设施做出说明。
希望上述结构介绍能够对大家的地图题准备起到提纲挈领性的帮助。