第一篇：英文翻译与英文原文
英文文献小短文(原文加汉语翻译)
A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic(这是题目，百度一下就能找到原文好，原文还有表格，我没有
翻译)
A hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils Contamination of soils with arsenic,which is both toxic and carcinogenic, is widespread1. We have discovered that the fern Pteris vittata (brake fern) is extremely efficient in extracting arsenic from soils and translocating it into its above-ground biomass. This plant —which, to our knowledge, is the first known arsenic hyperaccumulator as well as the first fern found to function as a hyperaccumulator— has many attributes that recommend it for use in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils.
We found brake fern growing on a site in Central Florida contaminated with chromated copper arsenate (Fig. 1a). We analysed the fronds of plants growing at the site for total arsenic by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Of 14 plant species studied, only brake fern contained large amounts of arsenic (As;3,280–4,980 p.p.m.). We collected additional samples of the plant and soil from the contaminated site (18.8–1,603 p.p.m. As) and from an uncontaminated site (0.47–7.56 p.p.m. As). Brake fern extracted arsenic efficiently from these soils into its fronds: plants growing in the contaminated site contained 1,442–7,526 p.p.m. Arsenic and those from the uncontaminated site contained 11.8–64.0 p.p.m. These values are much higher than those typical for plants growing in normal soil, which contain less than 3.6 p.p.m. of arsenic3.
As well as being tolerant of soils containing as much as 1,500 p.p.m. arsenic, brake fern can take up large amounts of arsenic into its fronds in a short time (Table 1). Arsenic concentration in fern fronds growing in soil spiked with 1,500 p.p.m. Arsenic increased from 29.4 to 15,861 p.p.m. in two weeks. Furthermore, in the same period, ferns growing in soil containing just 6 p.p.m. arsenic accumulated 755 p.p.m. Of arsenic in their fronds, a 126-fold enrichment. Arsenic concentrations in brake fern roots were less than 303 p.p.m., whereas those in the fronds reached 7,234 p.p.m.
Addition of 100 p.p.m. Arsenic significantly stimulated fern growth, resulting in a 40% increase in biomass compared with the control (data not shown).
After 20 weeks of growth, the plant was extracted using a solution of 1:1 methanol:water to speciate arsenic with high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Almost all arsenic was present as relatively toxic inorganic forms, with little detectable organoarsenic species4. The concentration of As(III) was greater in the fronds (47–80%) than in the roots (8.3%), indicating that As(V) was converted to As(III) during translocation from roots to fronds.
As well as removing arsenic from soils containing different concentrations of arsenic (Table 1), brake fern also removed arsenic from soils containing different arsenic species (Fig. 1c). Again, up to 93% of the arsenic was concentrated in the fronds. Although both FeAsO4 and AlAsO4 are relatively insoluble in soils1, brake fern hyperaccumulated arsenic derived from these compounds into its fronds (136–315 p.p.m.) at levels 3–6 times greater than soil arsenic.
Brake fern is mesophytic and is widely cultivated and naturalized in many areas with a mild climate. In the United States, it grows in the southeast and in southern California5. The fern is versatile and hardy, and prefers sunny (unusual for a fern) and alkaline environments (where arsenic is more available). It has considerable biomass, and is fast growing, easy to propagate,and perennial.
We believe this is the first report of significant arsenic hyperaccumulation by an unmanipulated plant. Brake fern has great potential to remediate arsenic-contaminated soils cheaply and could also aid studies of arsenic uptake, translocation, speciation, distribution and detoxification in plants. *Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0290, USA e-mail: lqma@ufl.edu †Cooperative Extension Service, University of Georgia, Terrell County, PO Box 271, Dawson, Georgia 31742, USA ‡Department of Chemistry & Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199,
1. Nriagu, J. O. (ed.) Arsenic in the Environment Part 1: Cycling and Characterization (Wiley, New York, 1994). 2. Brooks, R. R. (ed.) Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998). 3. Kabata-Pendias, A. & Pendias, H. in Trace Elements in Soils and Plants 203–209 (CRC, Boca Raton, 1991). 4. Koch, I., Wang, L., Ollson, C. A., Cullen, W. R. & Reimer, K. J. Envir. Sci. Technol. 34, 22–26 (2000). 5. Jones, D. L. Encyclopaedia of Ferns (Lothian, Melbourne, 1987).
积累砷的蕨类植物
耐寒，多功能，生长快速的植物，有助于从污染土壤去除砷
有毒和致癌的土壤砷污染是非常广泛的。我们已经发现，蕨类植物蜈蚣草(凤尾蕨)对从土壤中提取砷和转运到地上部生物量是非常有效的。据我们所知这种植物，是第一个已知的砷超富集植物以及也是第一种在已发现的蕨类中可以作为超富集植物，它有许多属性比如建议使用在砷污染土壤的修复。
我们发现被铬砷酸铜污染的生长在佛罗里达州中部的一个站点的凤尾蕨图1a)。我们用石墨炉原子吸收法分析了在站点正生长植物叶子总砷的吸收光谱。 对于14种研究植物物种中，只有凤尾蕨植物中含有大量的砷(含量;3280–4980 ppm)。我们从受污染的站点(18.8–1603 ppm)和未受污染的站点(0.47–7.56 ppm)收集更多的植物和土壤样品。凤尾蕨从土壤中有效吸收砷转运到其叶子中，在受污染的站点生长的植物，含有1442–7526 ppm的砷和那些未受污染的站点包含11.8–64 ppm的这些值是比那些正常的土壤中生长的植物的高很多，其中包含小于3.6 ppm的砷。
对于含有高达1500 ppm砷的疏松土壤中，凤尾蕨植物可以在很短的时间内吸收大量的砷进入它的叶子(表1)。在掺入1500 ppm砷的土壤中蕨类叶子中砷浓度是不断增长的，在两周内砷含量从29.4增加到15861 ppm。在蕨类叶子中的砷，是126倍的富集。凤尾蕨根的砷浓度小于303 ppm，而那些在叶的浓度达到7234 ppm。
加入100 ppm的砷显著刺激蕨类生长，导致在与对照相比，生物量增加了(数据未显示)。
经过20周的增长，用1:1甲醇：水的方法提取该植物用高效液相色谱法–电感耦合等离子体质谱法来平衡砷。目前几乎所有的砷是相对无毒的无机形式，几乎没有检测到有机砷物种。作为(Ⅲ)的浓度叶(47-80%)与根(8.3%)相比更多，表示AS(V)被转换AS(III)在根转运到叶的过程中。
以及从土壤中除去砷的植物含有不同浓度的砷(表1)，从土壤中去除含砷的凤尾蕨也含有不同形态的砷(图1C)。再着，高达93%的砷主要集中在叶。 虽然feaso4和AlAsO42H2O在土壤中的相对不溶，凤尾蕨富集的砷来自这些化合物进入它的叶状体(136–315 ppm)在3级–6倍大于土壤砷。凤尾蕨是裸子植物，并广泛栽培归功于许多地区气候温和。在美国，它生长在东南部和加利福尼亚南部。蕨类植物是有多种有优点，耐寒，喜欢阳光(不寻常的蕨类植物)和碱性环境(如砷是更有效)。它具有相当大的生物量，而且常年生长迅速，易于繁殖。
我们相信这是用一个未经处理的显著砷超富集植物为例的第一次报告。凤尾蕨在修复砷污染土壤方面的潜力很大，也可以帮助研究砷的吸收，转运，形态研究，在植物中的分布及排毒。
*土壤和水科学系，大学
佛罗里达州，盖恩斯维尔，佛罗里达州32611-0290，美国 电子邮件：lqma@ufl.edu †合作推广服务，大学
格鲁吉亚，特勒尔县，邮政信箱271，道森， 佐治亚州31742，美国 ‡化学与东南部
环境研究中心，佛罗里达州
国际大学，迈阿密，佛罗里达州，33199，
1。Nriagu，J. O.(主编)环境中的砷1部分：循环 与特性(威利，纽约，1994)。
2。布鲁克斯，R. R.(主编)，重金属超富集植物 (剑桥大学出版社，1998)。
3。kabata pendias，A. pendias，在土壤中的微量元素 植物203–209(CRC，博卡拉顿，1991)。
4。科赫，I.，王，L.，ollson，C. A.，卡伦，W. R. & Reimer，K. J. 环境。SCI。技术。34，22，26(2000)–。
5。琼斯，D. L.百科全书的蕨类植物(洛锡安区，墨尔本，1987)。
感想：首先来了解一下砷，砷俗称砒，为银灰色晶体，具有金属性，毒性很小，但其化合物都有毒性。砷中毒主要由砷化合物引起，三价砷化合物的毒性较五价砷为强，其中以毒性较大的三氧化二砷(俗称砒霜)中毒为多见。砷化物还可经皮肤或创面吸收而中毒。长期接触砷化物可引起慢性中毒。熔烧含砷矿石、制造合金、玻璃、陶瓷、印染、含砷医药和农药的生产工人和长期服用含砷药物均可引起砷中毒，饮水中含砷过高，可引起地方性砷中毒。
从这篇文章中我了解到了蕨类植物蜈蚣草(凤尾蕨)是第一个已知的砷超富集蕨类植物，可以在在砷污染土壤修复方面有所应用。通过石墨炉原子吸收法这种方法来分析植物叶子总砷的吸收光谱，在分析过程中用1:1甲醇：水的方法提取该植物用高效液相色谱法–电感耦合等离子体质谱法来平衡砷，而且了解到目前几乎所有的砷是相对无毒的无机形式，几乎没有检测到有机砷物种。
那么即然这样，可不可以用此类蕨来定期富集土壤中的砷然后除去，来达到治理砷的土地污染的问题呢?有这个想法，我们要明确几个问题：
1、凤尾蕨是否容易生长?
2、凤尾蕨在什么样的情况下生长旺盛?
3、是否有明确的昆虫或动物以此为食?
4、在植物类中有没有天地?
5、在新环境中是否会出现不受控制的情况?
6、如果容易成活，怎么样大批量的生产?
7、在凤尾蕨富集砷的过程中，有没有特殊的培养条件?
8、富集完成后，凤尾蕨怎么样处理?等等问题，都需要我们来明确的解答。
在实验的基础上如果成功(可以来治理土地砷污染)，还需要在具体的环境中进行测试。
读完此篇文章后，感到又增长了知识，以后会多读文献来增长自己的知识。
第二篇：乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲英文原文
乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲英文原文： Stanford Report, June 14, 2005
„You‟ve got to find what you love,‟ Jobs says
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I‟ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That‟s it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents‟ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn‟t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn‟t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn‟t all romantic. I didn‟t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends‟ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5?? deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn‟t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can‟t capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can‟t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in somethingI found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creationa year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn‟t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs downI still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn‟t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple‟s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. I‟m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn‟t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don‟t lose faith. I‟m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You‟ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven‟t found it yet, keep looking. Don‟t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you‟ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don‟t settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you‟ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I‟ll be dead soon is the most important tool I‟ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everythingthese things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn‟t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor‟s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you‟d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I‟m fine now.
This was the closest I‟ve been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don‟t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life‟s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don‟t waste it living someone else‟s life. Don‟t be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people‟s thinking. Don‟t let the noise of other‟s opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960‟s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
Steve Jobs说，你得找出你爱的 (You‟ve got to find what you love.)。
以下是苹果计算机公司与Pixar动画制作室执行长Steve Jobs在2005年六月12日对全体史丹佛大学毕业生的演讲内容。
今天，有荣幸来到各位从世界上最好的学校之一毕业的毕业典礼上。我从来没从大学毕业。说实话，这是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。今天，我只说三个故事，不谈大道理，三个故事就好。
第一个故事，是关于人生中的点点滴滴怎么串连在一起。
我在里德学院(Reed college)待了六个月就办休学了。到我退学前，一共休学了十八个月。那么，我为什么休学?
这得从我出生前讲起。我的亲生母亲当时是个研究生，年轻未婚妈妈，她决定让别人收养我。她强烈觉得应该让有大学毕业的人收养我，所以我出生时，她就准备让我被一对律师夫妇收养。但是这对夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他们想收养女孩。所以在等待收养名单上的一对夫妻，我的养父母，在一天半夜里接到一通电话，问他们「有一名意外出生的男孩，你们要认养他吗?」而他们的回答是「当然要」。后来，我的生母发现，我现在的妈妈从来没有大学毕业，我现在的爸爸则连高中毕业也没有。她拒绝在认养文件上做最后签字。直到几个月后，我的养父母同意将来一定会让我上大学，她才软化态度。
十七年后，我上大学了。但是当时我无知选了一所学费几乎跟史丹佛一样贵的大学，我那工人阶级的父母所有积蓄都花在我的学费上。六个月后，我看不出念这个书的价值何在。那时候，我不知道这辈子要干什么，也不知道念大学能对我有什么帮助，而且我为了念这个书，花光了我父母这辈子的所有积蓄，所以我决定休学，相信船到桥头自然直。当时这个决定看来相当可怕，可是现在看来，那是我这辈子做过最好的决定之一。当我休学之后，我再也不用上我没兴趣的必修课，把时间拿去听那些我有兴趣的课。
这一点也不浪漫。我没有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家里的地板上，靠着回收可乐空罐的五先令退费买吃的，每个星期天晚上得走七里的路绕过大半个镇去印度教的 Hare Krishna神庙吃顿好料。我喜欢Hare Krishna神庙的好料。追寻我的好奇与直觉，我所驻足的大部分事物，后来看来都成了无价之宝。举例来说：
当时里德学院有着大概是全国最好的书法指导。在整个校园内的每一张海报上，每个抽屉的标签上，都是美丽的手写字。因为我休学了，可以不照正常选课程序来，所以我跑去学书法。我学了serif与san serif字体，学到在不同字母组合间变更字间距，学到活版印刷伟大的地方。书法的美好、历史感与艺术感是科学所无法捕捉的，我觉得那很迷人。
我没预期过学的这些东西能在我生活中起些什么实际作用，不过十年后，当我在设计第一台麦金塔时，我想起了当时所学的东西，所以把这些东西都设计进了麦金塔里，这是第一台能印刷出漂亮东西的计算机。如果我没沉溺于那样一门课里，麦金塔可能就不会有多重字体跟变间距字体了。又因为Windows抄袭了麦金塔的使用方式，如果当年我没这样做，大概世界上所有的个人计算机都不会有这些东西，印不出现在我们看到的漂亮的字来了。当然，当我还在大学里时，不可能把这些点点滴滴预先串在一起，但是这在十年后回顾，就显得非常清楚。
我再说一次，你不能预先把点点滴滴串在一起;唯有未来回顾时，你才会明白那些点点滴滴是如何串在一起的。所以你得相信，你现在所体会的东西，将来多少会连接在一块。你得信任某个东西，直觉也好，命运也好，生命也好，或者业力。这种作法从来没让我失望，也让我的人生整个不同起来。
我的第二个故事，有关爱与失去。
我好运-年轻时就发现自己爱做什么事。我二十岁时，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸妈的车库里开始了苹果计算机的事业。我们拼命工作，苹果计算机在十年间从一间车库里的两个小伙子扩展成了一家员工超过四千人、市价二十亿美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我们最棒的作品-麦金塔，而我才刚迈入人生的第三十个年头，然后被炒鱿鱼。要怎么让自己创办的公司炒自己鱿鱼?好吧，当苹果计算机成长后，我请了一个我以为他在经营公司上很有才干的家伙来，他在头几年也确实干得不错。可是我们对未来的愿景不同，最后只好分道扬镳，董事会站在他那边，炒了我鱿鱼，公开把我请了出去。曾经是我整个成年生活重心的东西不见了，令我不知所措。
有几个月，我实在不知道要干什么好。我觉得我令企业界的前辈们失望-我把他们交给我的接力棒弄丢了。我见了创办HP的David Packard跟创办Intel的Bob Noyce，跟他们说我很抱歉把事情搞砸得很厉害了。我成了公众的非常负面示范，我甚至想要离开硅谷。但是渐渐的，我发现，我还是喜爱着我做过的事情，在苹果的日子经历的事件没有丝毫改变我爱做的事。我被否定了，可是我还是爱做那些事情，所以我决定从头来过。
当时我没发现，但是现在看来，被苹果计算机开除，是我所经历过最好的事情。成功的沉重被从头来过的轻松所取代，每件事情都不那么确定，让我自由进入这辈子最有创意的年代。
接下来五年，我开了一家叫做NeXT的公司，又开一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟后来的老婆谈起了恋爱。Pixar接着制作了世界上第一部全计算机动画电影，玩具总动员，现在是世界上最成功的动画制作公司。然后，苹果计算机买下了NeXT，我回到了苹果，我们在NeXT发展的技术成了苹果计算机后来复兴的核心。我也有了个美妙的家庭。
我很确定，如果当年苹果计算机没开除我，就不会发生这些事情。这帖药很苦口，可是我想苹果计算机这个病人需要这帖药。有时候，人生会用砖头打你的头。不要丧失信心。我确信，我爱我所做的事情，这就是这些年来让我继续走下去的唯一理由。你得找出你爱的，工作上是如此，对情人也是如此。你的工作将填满你的一大块人生，唯一获得真正满足的方法就是做你相信是伟大的工作，而唯一做伟大工作的方法是爱你所做的事。如果你还没找到这些事，继续找，别停顿。尽你全心全力，你知道你一定会找到。而且，如同任何伟大的关系，事情只会随着时间愈来愈好。所以，在你找到之前，继续找，别停顿。
我的第三个故事，关于死亡。
当我十七岁时，我读到一则格言，好像是「把每一天都当成生命中的最后一天，你就会轻松自在。」这对我影响深远，在过去33年里，我每天早上都会照镜子，自问：「如果今天是此生最后一日，我今天要干些什么?」每当我连续太多天都得到一个「没事做」的答案时，我就知道我必须有所变革了。
提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中下重大决定时，所用过最重要的工具。因为几乎每件事-所有外界期望、所有名誉、所有对困窘或失败的恐惧-在面对死亡时，都消失了，只有最重要的东西才会留下。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入自己有东西要失去了的陷阱里最好的方法。人生不带来，死不带去，没什么道理不顺心而为。
一年前，我被诊断出癌症。我在早上七点半作断层扫描，在胰脏清楚出现一个肿瘤，我连胰脏是什么都不知道。医生告诉我，那几乎可以确定是一种不治之症，我大概活不到三到六个月了。医生建议我回家，好好跟亲人们聚一聚，这是医生对临终病人的标准建议。那代表你得试着在几个月内把你将来十年想跟小孩讲的话讲完。那代表你得把每件事情搞定，家人才会尽量轻松。那代表你得跟人说再见了。
我整天想着那个诊断结果，那天晚上做了一次切片，从喉咙伸入一个内视镜，从胃进肠子，插了根针进胰脏，取了一些肿瘤细胞出来。我打了镇静剂，不醒人事，但是我老婆在场。她后来跟我说，当医生们用显微镜看过那些细胞后，他们都哭了，因为那是非常少见的一种胰脏癌，可以用手术治好。所以我接受了手术，康复了。
这是我最接近死亡的时候，我希望那会继续是未来几十年内最接近的一次。经历此事后，我可以比之前死亡只是抽象概念时要更肯定告诉你们下面这些：
没有人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也想活着上天堂。但是死亡是我们共有的目的地，没有人逃得过。这是注定的，因为死亡简直就是生命中最棒的发明，是生命变化的媒介，送走老人们，给新生代留下空间。现在你们是新生代，但是不久的将来，你们也会逐渐变老，被送出人生的舞台。抱歉讲得这么戏剧化，但是这是真的。
你们的时间有限，所以不要浪费时间活在别人的生活里。不要被信条所惑-盲从信条就是活在别人思考结果里。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内在的心声。最重要的，拥有跟随内心与直觉的勇气，你的内心与直觉多少已经知道你真正想要成为什么样的人。任何其它事物都是次要的。
在我年轻时，有本神奇的杂志叫做Whole Earth Catalog，当年我们很迷这本杂志。那是一位住在离这不远的Menlo Park的Stewart Brand发行的，他把杂志办得很有诗意。那是1960年代末期，个人计算机跟桌上出版还没发明，所有内容都是打字机、剪刀跟拍立得相机做出来的。杂志内容有点像印在纸上的Google，在Google出现之前35年就有了：理想化，充满新奇工具与神奇的注记。
Stewart跟他的出版团队出了好几期Whole Earth Catalog，然后出了停刊号。当时是1970年代中期，我正是你们现在这个年龄的时候。在停刊号的封底，有张早晨乡间小路的照片，那种你去爬山时会经过的乡间小路。在照片下有行小字：
求知若饥，虚心若愚。
那是他们亲笔写下的告别讯息，我总是以此自许。当你们毕业，展开新生活，我也以此期许你们。
求知若饥，虚心若愚。
非常谢谢大家。
第三篇：乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲英文原文
Stanford Report, June 14, 2005
„You‟ve got to find what you love,‟ Jobs says
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I‟ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That‟s it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents‟ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn‟t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn‟t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn‟t all romantic. I didn‟t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends‟ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5?? deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn‟t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can‟t capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can‟t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something – your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation – the Macintosh – a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn‟t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down – that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me – I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn‟t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple‟s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I‟m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn‟t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don‟t lose faith. I‟m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You‟ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven‟t found it yet, keep looking. Don‟t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you‟ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don‟t settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you‟ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I‟ll be dead soon is the most important tool I‟ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn‟t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor‟s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you‟d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I‟m fine now.
This was the closest I‟ve been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don‟t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life‟s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don‟t waste it living someone else‟s life. Don‟t be trapped by dogma – which is living with the results of other people‟s thinking. Don‟t let the noise of other‟s opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960‟s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. Thank you all very much.
Steve Jobs说，你得找出你爱的 (You‟ve got to find what you love.)。
今天，有荣幸来到各位从世界上最好的学校之一毕业的毕业典礼上。我从来没从大学毕业。说实话，这是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。今天，我只说三个故事，不谈大道理，三个故事就好。 第一个故事，是关于人生中的点点滴滴怎么串连在一起。
我在里德学院(Reed college)待了六个月就办休学了。到我退学前，一共休学了十八个月。那么，我为什么休学?
这得从我出生前讲起。我的亲生母亲当时是个研究生，年轻未婚妈妈，她决定让别人收养我。她强烈觉得应该让有大学毕业的人收养我，所以我出生时，她就准备让我被一对律师夫妇收养。但是这对夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他们想收养女孩。所以在等待收养名单上的一对夫妻，我的养父母，在一天半夜里接到一通电话，问他们「有一名意外出生的男孩，你们要认养他吗?」而他们的回答是「当然要」。后来，我的生母发现，我现在的妈妈从来没有大学毕业，我现在的爸爸则连高中毕业也没有。她拒绝在认养文件上做最后签字。直到几个月后，我的养父母同意将来一定会让我上大学，她才软化态度。
十七年后，我上大学了。但是当时我无知选了一所学费几乎跟史丹佛一样贵的大学，我那工人阶级的父母所有积蓄都花在我的学费上。六个月后，我看不出念这个书的价值何在。那时候，我不知道这辈子要干什么，也不知道念大学能对我有什么帮助，而且我为了念这个书，花光了我父母这辈子的所有积蓄，所以我决定休学，相信船到桥头自然直。当时这个决定看来相当可怕，可是现在看来，那是我这辈子做过最好的决定之一。当我休学之后，我再也不用上我没兴趣的必修课，把时间拿去听那些我有兴趣的课。
这一点也不浪漫。我没有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家里的地板上，靠着回收可乐空罐的五先令退费买吃的，每个星期天晚上得走七里的路绕过大半个镇去印度教的 Hare Krishna神庙吃顿好料。我喜欢Hare Krishna神庙的好料。追寻我的好奇与直觉，我所驻足的大部分事物，后来看来都成了无价之宝。举例来说：
当时里德学院有着大概是全国最好的书法指导。在整个校园内的每一张海报上，每个抽屉的标签上，都是美丽的手写字。因为我休学了，可以不照正常选课程序来，所以我跑去学书法。我学了serif与san serif字体，学到在不同字母组合间变更字间距，学到活版印刷伟大的地方。书法的美好、历史感与艺术感是科学所无法捕捉的，我觉得那很迷人。
我没预期过学的这些东西能在我生活中起些什么实际作用，不过十年后，当我在设计第一台麦金塔时，我想起了当时所学的东西，所以把这些东西都设计进了麦金塔里，这是第一台能印刷出漂亮东西的计算机。如果我没沉溺于那样一门课里，麦金塔可能就不会有多重字体跟变间距字体了。又因为Windows抄袭了麦金塔的使用方式，如果当年我没这样做，大概世界上所有的个人计算机都不会有这些东西，印不出现在我们看到的漂亮的字来了。当然，当我还在大学里时，不可能把这些点点滴滴预先串在一起，但是这在十年后回顾，就显得非常清楚。
我再说一次，你不能预先把点点滴滴串在一起;唯有未来回顾时，你才会明白那些点点滴滴是如何串在一起的。所以你得相信，你现在所体会的东西，将来多少会连接在一块。你得信任某个东西，直觉也好，命运也好，生命也好，或者业力。这种作法从来没让我失望，也让我的人生整个不同起来。
我的第二个故事，有关爱与失去。
我好运-年轻时就发现自己爱做什么事。我二十岁时，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸妈的车库里开始了苹果计算机的事业。我们拼命工作，苹果计算机在十年间从一间车库里的两个小伙子扩展成了一家员工超过四千人、市价二十亿美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我们最棒的作品-麦金塔，而我才刚迈入人生的第三十个年头，然后被炒鱿鱼。要怎么让自己创办的公司炒自己鱿鱼?好吧，当苹果计算机成长后，我请了一个我以为他在经营公司上很有才干的家伙来，他在头几年也确实干得不错。可是我们对未来的愿景不同，最后只好分道扬镳，董事会站在他那边，炒了我鱿鱼，公开把我请了出去。曾经是我整个成年生活重心的东西不见了，令我不知所措。
有几个月，我实在不知道要干什么好。我觉得我令企业界的前辈们失望-我把他们交给我的接力棒弄丢了。我见了创办HP的David Packard跟创办Intel的Bob Noyce，跟他们说我很抱歉把事情搞砸得很厉害了。我成了公众的非常负面示范，我甚至想要离开硅谷。但是渐渐的，我发现，我还是喜爱着我做过的事情，在苹果的日子经历的事件没有丝毫改变我爱做的事。我被否定了，可是我还是爱做那些事情，所以我决定从头来过。
当时我没发现，但是现在看来，被苹果计算机开除，是我所经历过最好的事情。成功的沉重被从头来过的轻松所取代，每件事情都不那么确定，让我自由进入这辈子最有创意的年代。
接下来五年，我开了一家叫做NeXT的公司，又开一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟后来的老婆谈起了恋爱。Pixar接着制作了世界上第一部全计算机动画电影，玩具总动员，现在是世界上最成功的动画制作公司。然后，苹果计算机买下了NeXT，我回到了苹果，我们在NeXT发展的技术成了苹果计算机后来复兴的核心。我也有了个美妙的家庭。
我很确定，如果当年苹果计算机没开除我，就不会发生这些事情。这帖药很苦口，可是我想苹果计算机这个病人需要这帖药。有时候，人生会用砖头打你的头。不要丧失信心。我确信，我爱我所做的事情，这就是这些年来让我继续走下去的唯一理由。你得找出你爱的，工作上是如此，对情人也是如此。你的工作将填满你的一大块人生，唯一获得真正满足的方法就是做你相信是伟大的工作，而唯一做伟大工作的方法是爱你所做的事。如果你还没找到这些事，继续找，别停顿。尽你全心全力，你知道你一定会找到。而且，如同任何伟大的关系，事情只会随着时间愈来愈好。所以，在你找到之前，继续找，别停顿。
我的第三个故事，关于死亡。
当我十七岁时，我读到一则格言，好像是「把每一天都当成生命中的最后一天，你就会轻松自在。」这对我影响深远，在过去33年里，我每天早上都会照镜子，自问：「如果今天是此生最后一日，我今天要干些什么?」每当我连续太多天都得到一个「没事做」的答案时，我就知道我必须有所变革了。
提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中下重大决定时，所用过最重要的工具。因为几乎每件事-所有外界期望、所有名誉、所有对困窘或失败的恐惧-在面对死亡时，都消失了，只有最重要的东西才会留下。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入自己有东西要失去了的陷阱里最好的方法。人生不带来，死不带去，没什么道理不顺心而为。
一年前，我被诊断出癌症。我在早上七点半作断层扫描，在胰脏清楚出现一个肿瘤，我连胰脏是什么都不知道。医生告诉我，那几乎可以确定是一种不治之症，我大概活不到三到六个月了。医生建议我回家，好好跟亲人们聚一聚，这是医生对临终病人的标准建议。那代表你得试着在几个月内把你将来十年想跟小孩讲的话讲完。那代表你得把每件事情搞定，家人才会尽量轻松。那代表你得跟人说再见了。
我整天想着那个诊断结果，那天晚上做了一次切片，从喉咙伸入一个内视镜，从胃进肠子，插了根针进胰脏，取了一些肿瘤细胞出来。我打了镇静剂，不醒人事，但是我老婆在场。她后来跟我说，当医生们用显微镜看过那些细胞后，他们都哭了，因为那是非常少见的一种胰脏癌，可以用手术治好。所以我接受了手术，康复了。
这是我最接近死亡的时候，我希望那会继续是未来几十年内最接近的一次。经历此事后，我可以比之前死亡只是抽象概念时要更肯定告诉你们下面这些：
没有人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也想活着上天堂。但是死亡是我们共有的目的地，没有人逃得过。这是注定的，因为死亡简直就是生命中最棒的发明，是生命变化的媒介，送走老人们，给新生代留下空间。现在你们是新生代，但是不久的将来，你们也会逐渐变老，被送出人生的舞台。抱歉讲得这么戏剧化，但是这是真的。
你们的时间有限，所以不要浪费时间活在别人的生活里。不要被信条所惑-盲从信条就是活在别人思考结果里。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内在的心声。最重要的，拥有跟随内心与直觉的勇气，你的内心与直觉多少已经知道你真正想要成为什么样的人。任何其它事物都是次要的。
在我年轻时，有本神奇的杂志叫做Whole Earth Catalog，当年我们很迷这本杂志。那是一位住在离这不远的Menlo Park的Stewart Brand发行的，他把杂志办得很有诗意。那是1960年代末期，个人计算机跟桌上出版还没发明，所有内容都是打字机、剪刀跟拍立得相机做出来的。杂志内容有点像印在纸上的Google，在Google出现之前35年就有了：理想化，充满新奇工具与神奇的注记。
Stewart跟他的出版团队出了好几期Whole Earth Catalog，然后出了停刊号。当时是1970年代中期，我正是你们现在这个年龄的时候。在停刊号的封底，有张早晨乡间小路的照片，那种你去爬山时会经过的乡间小路。在照片下有行小字：
求知若饥，虚心若愚。
那是他们亲笔写下的告别讯息，我总是以此自许。当你们毕业，展开新生活，我也以此期许你们。
求知若饥，虚心若愚。
非常谢谢大家。
第四篇：《别赋》原文与翻译
《别赋》是南朝文学家江淹创作的一篇抒情小赋。此赋以浓郁的抒情笔调，以环境烘托、情绪渲染、心理刻画等艺术方法，通过对戍人、富豪、侠客、游宦、道士、情人别离的描写，生动具体地反映出齐梁时代社会**的侧影。以下就是小编分享《别赋》原文与翻译，希望对大家有帮助!
《别赋》原文
黯然销魂者，唯别而已矣!况秦吴兮绝国，复燕赵兮千里。或春苔兮始生，乍秋风兮暂起。是以行子肠断，百感凄恻。风萧萧而异响，云漫漫而奇色。舟凝滞于水滨，车逶迟于山侧。棹容与而讵前，马寒鸣而不息。掩金觞而谁御，横玉柱而沾轼。居人愁卧，怳若有亡。日下壁而沉彩，月上轩而飞光。见红兰之受露，望青楸之离霜。巡层楹而空掩，抚锦幕而虚凉。知离梦之踯躅，意别魂之飞扬。
故别虽一绪，事乃万族。至若龙马银鞍，朱轩绣轴，帐饮东都，送客金谷。琴羽张兮箫鼓陈，燕、赵歌兮伤美人，珠与玉兮艳暮秋，罗与绮兮娇上春。惊驷马之仰秣，耸渊鱼之赤鳞。造分手而衔涕，感寂寞而伤神。
乃有剑客惭恩，少年报士，韩国赵厕，吴宫燕市。割慈忍爱，离邦去里，沥泣共诀，抆血相视。驱征马而不顾，见行尘之时起。方衔感于一剑，非买价于泉里。金石震而色变，骨肉悲而心死。
或乃边郡未和，负羽从军。辽水无极，雁山参云。闺中风暖，陌上草薰。日出天而曜景，露下地而腾文。镜朱尘之照烂，袭青气之烟煴，攀桃李兮不忍别，送爱子兮沾罗裙。
至如一赴绝国，讵相见期?视乔木兮故里，决北梁兮永辞，左右兮魄动，亲朋兮泪滋。可班荆兮憎恨，惟樽酒兮叙悲。值秋雁兮飞日，当白露兮下时，怨复怨兮远山曲，去复去兮长河湄。
又若君居淄右，妾家河阳，同琼珮之晨照，共金炉之夕香。君结绶兮千里，惜瑶草之徒芳。惭幽闺之琴瑟，晦高台之流黄。春 宫閟此青苔色，秋帐含此明月光，夏簟清兮昼不暮，冬凝兮夜何长!织锦曲兮泣已尽，回文诗兮影独伤。
傥有华阴上士，服食还仙。术既妙而犹学，道已寂而未传。守丹灶而不顾，炼金鼎而方坚。驾鹤上汉，骖鸾腾天。暂游万里，少别千年。惟世间兮重别，谢主人兮依然。
下有芍药之诗，佳人之歌，桑中卫女，上宫陈娥。春草碧色，春水渌波，送君南浦，伤如之何!至乃秋露如珠，秋月如圭，明月白露，光阴往来，与子之别，思心徘徊。
是以别方不定，别理千名，有别必怨，有怨必盈。使人意夺神骇，心折骨惊，虽渊、云之墨妙，严、乐之笔精，金闺之诸彦，兰台之群英，赋有凌云之称，辨有雕龙之声，谁能摹暂离之状，写永诀之情着乎?
《别赋》翻译
最使人心神沮丧、失魂落魄的，莫过于别离啊。何况秦国吴国啊是相去极远的国家，更有燕国宋国啊相隔千里。有时春天的苔痕啊刚刚滋生，蓦然间秋风啊萧瑟初起。因此游子离肠寸断，各种感触凄凉悱恻。风萧萧发出与往常不同的声音，云漫漫而呈现出奇异的颜色。船在水边滞留着不动，车在山道旁徘徊而不前，船桨迟缓怎能向前划动，马儿凄凉地嘶鸣不息。盖住金杯吧谁有心思喝酒，搁置琴瑟啊泪水沾湿车前轼木。居留家中的人怀着愁思而卧，恍然若有所失。映在墙上的阳光渐渐地消失，月亮升起清辉洒满了长廊。看到红兰缀含着秋露，又见青楸蒙上了飞霜。巡行旧屋空掩起房门，抚弄锦帐枉生清冷悲凉。想必游子别离后梦中也徘徊不前，猜想别后的魂魄正飞荡飘扬。
所以离别虽给人同一种意绪，但具体情况却不相同：
至于像高头骏马配着镶银的雕鞍，漆成朱红的车驾饰有采绘的轮轴，在东都门外搭起蓬帐饯行，送别故旧于金谷名园。琴弦发出羽声啊箫鼓杂陈，燕赵的悲歌啊令美人哀伤;明珠和美玉啊艳丽于晚秋，绫罗和纨绮啊娇媚于初春。歌声使驷马惊呆地仰头咀嚼，深渊的鱼也跃出水面聆听。等到分手之时噙着泪水，深感孤单寂寞而黯然伤神。
又有自惭未报主人恩遇的剑客，和志在报恩的少年侠士，如聂政击杀韩相侠累、豫让欲刺赵襄子于宫厕，专诸杀吴王、荆轲行刺秦王，他们舍弃慈母娇妻的温情，离开自己的邦国乡里，哭泣流泪地与家人诀别，甚至擦拭泪血互相凝视。骑上征马就不再回头，只见路上的尘土不断扬起。这正是怀着感恩之情以一剑相报，并非为换取声价于黄泉地底。钟磬震响吓得儒夫脸色陡变，亲人悲恸得尽哀而死。
有时候边境发生了战争，挟带弓箭毅然去从军。辽河水一望无际，雁门山高耸入云。闺房里风晴日暖，野外道路上绿草芬芳。旭日升临天际灿烂光明，露珠在地上闪耀绚丽的色彩，透过红色的雾霭阳光分外绚烂，映入春天草木的雾气烟霞弥漫。手攀着桃李枝条啊不忍诀别，为心爱的丈夫送行啊泪水沾湿了衣裙。
至于一旦到达绝远的国度，哪里还有相见的日期。望着高大的树木啊记下这故乡旧里，在北面的桥梁上啊诀别告辞。送行的左右仆从啊魂魄牵动，亲戚宾客啊落泪伤心。可以铺设树枝而坐啊把怨情倾诉，只有凭借杯酒啊叙述心中的伤悲。正当秋天的大雁啊南飞之日，正是白色的霜露啊欲下之时，哀怨又惆怅啊在那远山的弯曲处，越走越远啊在那长长的河流边。
又如郎君住在淄水西面，妾家住在黄河北岸。曾佩带琼玉一起浴沐着晨光，晚上一起坐在香烟袅袅的金炉旁。郎君结绶做官啊一去千里，可惜妾如仙山琼草徒然芬芳。惭对深闺中的琴瑟无心弹奏，重帷深掩遮暗了高阁上的流黄。春天楼宇外关闭了青翠的苔色，秋天帷帐里笼罩着洁白的月光;夏天的竹席清凉啊白日迟迟未暮，冬天的灯光昏暗啊黑夜那么漫长!为织锦中曲啊已流尽了泪水，组成回文诗啊独自顾影悲伤。
或有华山石室中修行的道士，服用丹药以求成仙。术已很高妙而仍在修炼，道已至“寂”但尚未得到真情。一心守炼丹灶不问世事，炼丹于金鼎而意志正坚。想骑着黄鹤直上霄汉，欲乘上鸾鸟飞升青天。一刹那可游 行可万，天上小别人间已是千年。唯有世间啊看重别离，虽已成仙与世人告别啊仍依依不舍。
下界有男女咏“芍药”情诗，唱“佳人”恋歌。卫国桑中多情的少女，陈国上宫美貌的春娥。春草染成青翠的颜色，春水泛起碧绿的微波，送郎君送到南浦，令人如此哀愁情多!至于深秋的霜露像珍珠，秋夜的明月似玉珪，皎洁的月光珍珠般的霜露，时光逝去又复来，与您分别，使我相思徘徊。
所以尽管别离的双方并无一定，别离也有种种不同的原因，但有别离必有哀怨，有哀怨必然充塞于心，使人意志丧失神魂滞沮，心理、精神上受到巨大的创痛和震惊。虽有王褒、扬雄绝妙的辞赋，严安、徐乐精深的撰述，金马门前大批俊彦之士，兰台上许多文才杰出的人，辞赋如司马相如有“凌云之气”的美称，文章像驺奭有“雕镂龙文”的名声，然而有谁能描摹出分离时瞬间的情状，抒写出永诀时难舍难分之情呢!
《别赋》注释
(1)黯然：心神沮丧，形容惨戚之状。销魂，即丧魂落魄。
(2)秦吴：古国名。秦国在今陕西一带，吴国在今江苏、浙江一带。绝国：相隔极远的邦国。
(3)燕宋：古国名。燕国在今河北一带，宋国在今河南一带。
(4)蹔：同“暂”。
(5)逶迟：徘徊不行的样子。
(6)棹(zhào)：船桨，这里指代船。容与：缓慢荡漾不前的样子。讵前：滞留不前。此处化用屈原《九章·涉江》中“船容与而不进兮，淹回水而疑滞”的句意。
(7)掩：覆盖。觞(shāng)：酒杯。御：进用。
(8)横：横持;阁置。玉柱：琴瑟上的系弦之木，这里指琴。轼：成前的横木。
(9)怳(huǎng)：丧神失意的样子。
(10)沉彩：日光西沉。
(11)楸(qiū)：落叶乔木。枝干端直，高达三十米，古人多植于道旁。离：即“罹”，遭受。
(12)曾楹(yíng)：高高的楼房。曾，同“层”。楹，屋前的柱子，此指房屋。锦幕：锦织的帐幕。二句写行子一去，居人徘徊旧屋的感受。
(13)踯躅(zhízhú)：徘徊不前的样子。元朝张养浩的<山坡羊潼关怀古>中“望西都，意踯躅。”
(14)意：同“臆”，料想。飞扬：心神不安。
(15)万族：不同的种类。
(16)龙马：据《周礼·夏官·廋人》载，马八尺以上称“龙马”。
(17)朱轩：贵者所乘之车。绣轴：绘有彩饰的车轴。此指车驾之华贵。
(18)帐饮：古人设帷帐于郊外以饯行。东都：指东都门，长安城门名。《汉书·疏广传》记载疏广告老还乡时，“公卿大夫故人邑子设祖道供帐东都门，送者车数百辆，辞决而去。”
(19)金谷：晋代石崇在洛阳西北金谷所造金谷园。史载石崇拜太仆，出为征虏将军，送者倾都，曾帐饮于金谷园。
(20)羽：五音之一，声最细切，宜于表现悲戚之情。琴羽，指琴中弹奏出羽声。张：调弦。
(21)燕赵：《古诗》有“燕赵多佳人，美者额如玉”句。后因以美人多出燕赵。
(22)上春：即初春。
(23)驷马：古时四匹马拉的车驾称驷，马称驷马。仰秣(mò)：抬起头吃草。语出《淮南子·说山训》：“伯牙鼓琴，驷马仰秣。”原形容琴声美妙动听，此处反其意。
(24)耸：因惊动而跃起。鳞：指渊中之鱼。语出《韩诗外传》：“昔者瓠巴鼓瑟而潜鱼出听。”
(25)造：等到。衔涕：含泪。
(26)寂漠：即“寂寞”。
(27)惭恩：自惭于未报主人知遇之恩。
(28)报士：心怀报恩之念的侠士。
(29)韩国：指战国时侠士聂政为韩国严仲子报仇，刺杀韩相侠累一事。赵厕：指战国初期，豫让因自己的主人智氏为赵襄子所灭，乃变姓名为刑人，入宫涂厕，挟匕首欲刺死赵襄子一事。
(30)吴宫：指春秋时专诸置匕首于鱼腹，在宴席间为吴国公子光刺杀吴王一事。燕市：指荆轲与朋友高渐离等饮于燕国街市，因感燕太子恩遇，藏匕首于地图中，至秦献图刺秦王未成，被杀。高渐离为了替荆轲报仇，又一次入秦谋杀秦王事。
(31)沥泣：洒泪哭泣。
(32)抆(wěn)：擦拭。抆血，指眼泪流尽后又继续流血。
(33)衔感：怀恩感遇。衔，怀。
(34)买价：指以生命换取金钱。泉里：黄泉。
(35)金石震：钟、磬等乐器齐鸣。原本出自《燕丹太子》：“荆轲与武阳入秦，秦王陛戟而见燕使，鼓钟并发，群臣皆呼万岁，武阳大恐，面如死灰色。”
(36)“骨肉”句：语出《史记·刺客列传》，聂政刺杀韩相侠累后，剖腹毁容自杀，以免牵连他人。韩国当政者将他暴尸于市，悬赏千金。他的姐姐聂嫈说：“妄其奈何畏殁身之诛，终灭贤弟之名!”于是宣扬弟弟的义举，伏尸而哭，最后在尸身旁边自杀。骨肉，指死者亲人。
(37)负羽：挟带弓箭。
(38)辽水：辽河。在今辽宁省西部，流经营口入海。
(39)雁山：雁门山。在今山西原平县西北。
(40)耀景：闪射光芒。
(41)腾文：指露水在阳光下反射出绚烂的色彩。
(42)镜：照耀。朱尘：红色的尘霭。照，日光。烂，光彩明亮而绚丽。
(43)袭：扑入。青气：春天草木上腾起的烟霭。烟煴(yīnyūn)：同“氤氲”。云气笼罩弥漫的样子。
(44)爱子：爱人，指征夫。
(45)讵：岂有。
(46)乔木：高大的树木。王充《论衡·佚文》：“睹乔木，知旧都。”
(47)“决北”句：语出《楚辞·九怀》。
(48)班：铺设。荆：树枝条。据《左传·襄公二十六年》记载，楚国伍举与声子相善。伍举将奔晋国，在郑国郊外遇到声子，“班荆相与食，而言复故。”后来人们就以“班荆道故”来比喻亲旧惜别的悲痛。
(49)尊：同“樽”，酒器。
(50)湄：水边。
(51)淄右：淄水西面。在今山东境内。
(52)河阳：黄河北岸。
(53)琼佩：琼玉之类的佩饰。
(54)二句回忆昔日朝夕共处的爱情生活。
(55)绶：系官印的丝带。结绶，指出仕做官。
(56)瑶草：仙山中的芳草。这里比喻闺中少妇。徒芳：比喻虚度青春。
(57)晦：昏暗不明。流黄：黄色丝绢，这里指黄绢做成的帷幕。这一句指为免伤情，不敢卷起帷幕远望。
(58)春 宫：指闺房。閟(bì)：关闭。
(59)簟(diàn)：竹席。
(60)釭(gāng)：灯。以上四句写居人春、夏、秋、冬四季相思之苦。
(61)“织锦”二句：据武则天《璇玑图序》载：“前秦苻坚时，窦滔镇襄阳，携宠姬赵阳台之任，断妻苏蕙音问。蕙因织锦为回文，五彩相宣，纵横八寸，题诗二百余首，计八百余言，纵横反复，皆成章句，名曰《璇玑图》以寄滔。”一说窦韬身处沙漠，妻子苏蕙就织锦为回文诗寄赠给他(《晋书·列女传》)。以上写游宦别离和闺中思妇的恋念。
(62)傥(tǎng)：同“倘”。华阴：即华山，在今陕西渭南县南。上士：道士;求仙的人。
(63)服食：道家以为服食丹药可以长生不老。还山：即成仙。一作“还仙”。
(64)寂：进入微妙之境。传：至，最高境界。
(65)丹灶：炼丹炉。不顾：指不顾问尘俗之事。
(66)炼金鼎：在金鼎里炼丹。
(67)骖(cān)：三匹马驾车称“骖”。鸾：古代神话传说中凤凰一类的鸟。
(68)少别：小别。
(69)谢：告辞，告别。以上写学道炼丹者的离别。
(70)下：下土。与“上士”相对。芍药之诗：语出《诗经·郑风·溱洧》：“维士与女，伊其相谑，赠以芍药。”
(71)佳人之歌：指李延年的歌：“北方有佳人，绝世而独立。”
(72)桑中：卫国地名。上宫：陈国地名。卫女、陈娥：均指恋爱中的少女。《诗经·鄘风·桑中》：“云谁之思?美孟姜矣。期我乎桑中，要我乎上宫。”
(73)渌(lù)波：清澈的水波。
(74)南浦：《楚辞·九歌·河伯》：“子交手兮东行，送美人兮南浦。”后以“南浦”泛指送别之地。
(75)珪(guī)：一种洁白晶莹的圆形美玉。
(76)别方：别离的双方。
(77)名：种类。
(78)盈：充盈。
(79)折、惊：均言创痛之深。
(80)渊：即王褒，字子渊。云：即扬雄，字子云。二人都是汉代著名的辞赋家。
(81)严：严安。乐：徐乐。二人为汉代著名文学家。
(82)金闺：原指汉代长安金马门。后来为汉代官署名。是聚集才识之士以备汉武帝诏询的地方。彦：有学识才干的人。
(83)兰台：汉代朝廷中藏书和讨论学术的地方。
(84)凌云：据《史记·司马相如列传》载，司马相如作《大人赋》，汉武帝赞誉为“飘飘有凌云之气，似游天地之间。”
(85)雕龙：据《史记·孟子荀卿列传》载，驺奭写文章，善于闳辩。所以齐人称颂为“雕龙奭”。
第五篇：《黠鼠赋》原文与翻译
《黠鼠赋》本文是一篇理趣兼胜的寓言小赋，作者选取一桩生活小事，写了一只狡猾的老鼠乘人不避而逃脱的故事，下面内容由小编为大家介绍《黠鼠赋》原文与翻译，供大家参考!
《黠鼠赋》原文
苏子夜坐，有鼠方啮。拊床而止之，既止复作。使童子烛之，有橐中空。嘐嘐聱聱，声在橐中。曰：“噫!此鼠之见闭而不得去者也。”发而视之，寂无所有，举烛而索，中有死鼠。童子惊曰：“是方啮也，而遽死也?向为何声，岂其鬼耶?”覆而出之，堕地乃走，虽有敏者，莫措其手。
苏子叹曰：“异哉，是鼠之黠也!闭于橐中，橐坚而不可穴也。故不啮而啮，以声致人;不死而死，以形求脱也。吾闻有生，莫智于人。扰龙伐蛟，登龟狩麟，役万物而君之，卒见使于一鼠，堕此虫之计中，惊脱兔于处女，乌在其为智也?”
坐而假寐，私念其故。若有告余者，曰：“汝为多学而识之，望道而未见也，不一于汝而二于物，故一鼠之啮而为之变也。人能碎千金之璧而不能无失声于破釜，能搏猛虎不能无变色于蜂虿，此不一之患也。言出于汝而忘之耶!”余俛而笑，仰而觉。使童子执笔，记余之作。
《黠鼠赋》翻译
苏子在晚上坐着，有一只鼠正在咬东西。他拍床制止老鼠咬东西，声音已经停止了，又发出老鼠咬物的声音。他让童子用烛火照床下，有一个空的袋子。鼠咬物的声音从袋子里发出。童子说“啊!这只老鼠被关闭在里面因而不能够离开。”童子打开袋子看里面，寂静得好像什么都没有，童子拿起蜡烛寻找，袋子里有一只死老鼠。童子惊讶地说：“这刚刚还在咬东西，却立刻死了?刚才是什么声音，难道那是鼠的鬼魂吗?”童子把袋子翻过来倒出老鼠，老鼠一落地就逃跑了，即使有敏捷的人，也措手不及。
苏子感叹说：“这只老鼠真狡猾，让人惊奇异啊!老鼠被关闭在袋子里，袋子坚韧因而老鼠不能够咬洞的。因咬不穿袋子却故意装作咬东西，用声音吸引人们的注意。还没有死却装死，用死的样子寻求逃脱。我听说有生物，没有比人智慧的了。人能驯服神龙刺杀蛟龙、捉取神龟狩猎麒麟，役使万物并且统治他们，最后被一只老鼠利役使。陷入这只老鼠的计谋中，我对老鼠从像安静的处女到像逃跑时的脱兔的这种突变感到惊讶，这里面人的智慧又体现在哪里呢?”
之后就坐下来闭眼打盹，自己在心里想这件事的原因。好像有人对他说：“你只是多学而记住一点知识，但还是离‘道’很远。你对自己不专一，却对外物有二心，所以一只老鼠发出叫声就能令你变色。人能够在打破价值千金的碧玉时不动声色，而在打破一口锅时失声尖叫;人能够与猛虎搏斗，可见到蜜蜂和蝎子时不免变色，这是专一的祸患。这是你早说过的话，忘记了吗?”我俯下身子笑了，仰起身子又醒悟了。我于是命令童子拿着笔，记录下了这篇文章。
《黠鼠赋》注释
夜：在夜里
黠：狡猾。
方：正在
啮：咬。
拊：拍。
止：制止。
既：一会儿。
止：停止。
复：再、又。
作：出现。
使：派遣、让。
烛：用烛火照，这里作动词用。
橐：袋子。
嘐嘐聱聱：这里是形容老鼠咬物的声音。
见闭：被关闭。见：被。
发：打开。
寂：寂静。
索：寻找。
是：这。
方：刚刚。
遽：立刻，就。
向：刚才。
为：是。
岂：难道。
覆：倾倒。
堕：落，掉。
走：逃跑。
虽：即使。
是：这。
穴：咬洞，这里作动词用。
致：招引。
扰龙伐蛟：扰，驯服。伐，击，刺杀。此处指“擒”
登：捉取。登龟，以龟壳占卜。
君：统治，这里作动词用。
见使：被役使。
脱兔于处女：起初像处女一样沉静(使敌方不做防备)然后像逃跑的兔子一样突然行动，使对方来不及出击，这里指老鼠从静到动的突变。
乌：何，哪里。
惟：只。
识：认识。
觉：醒悟。
狩：狩猎，捕获。
使：让。
走：逃跑。
莫措其手：措手不及。莫：不(副词)。措：安放。
以形求脱：形，样子，文中指老鼠死的样子。
既：已经。
生：生命。
于：介词，表示比较，相当于“比”。
虿：蝎子。
役：役使，支使
卒：最后，终于。