第一篇:国际学术交流英语u
国际学术英语交流期末复习
斌哥祺哥手打,保佑期末不挂
国际交流期末考试题型
1、Vocabulary( sample 1 and 2)
2、Reading comprehension( 4 passages)
3、Cloze (3 paragraphs, 20 blanks “learning aids”)
4、Translation( 5 sentences)
5、Writing ( a practical writing and an essay writing vocabulary unit1 Preparations for International Conference solicit 征求、提起、恳求
cognition 认识、认知 artificial intelligence人工智能
up to 多达 affiliations 附属机构、单位
review 评审、审查 embedded植入的、深入的、内含的
forum论坛、讨论会
implementation实施、执行
groundbreaking开创性的、突破性的 quantified定量化、确定...的数量
submissions提交、上交 sensor传感器
deployment部署、调度 originality独创性、新颖
be subject to 从属于、受支配 rigorous严谨的
sponsor赞助、资助
contemporary当代的
pharmaceutical制药的、配药的be comprised of由...组成
in conjunction with与...联在一起venue场所、地点
registration登记、注册 convene召集
be representative of 代表 transparency透明度
strengthen加强、巩固 dynamic充满活力的
cordially热诚地、诚挚地 vibrant充满生气的
momentum势头、契机、动力 plenary session全体大会
draft草案
competencies能力、资格
initiatives主动性、主动权 democracy民主
diversity and intercultural多样性和多文化 be given priority 被给予优先考虑
relevance to相关性 poverty贫穷
approach to接近 first phase第一阶段
contribution to 贡献
斌哥祺哥手打,保佑期末不挂
professional bodies专业团体
law enforcement执法
implementing执行、贯彻
indigenous 本土的、土生土长的 vulnerable groups弱势群体
objective目标、任务 guidelines指导方针、准则
assessment评估
courtesy礼貌的、礼节
population transition人口过渡 countermeasures对策、措施
senior citizen老年人
unit2 International Letter Exchanges on behalf of代表
coordinator协调者 faculty能力、全体教职工
orientation培训
federal联邦的
round-trip airfare往返机票 accommodation食宿
upcoming即将到来 keep up with跟上、紧跟
continually不停地、持续地 scope 范围
essential基本的、必要的 ensure确保、担保
entitled题名为、有资格的 dated日期
globalization and diversity全球化与多样性 fruitful多产的、果实累累的
anonymous匿名的 panel小组
attachment附件、附录 overhead上面的、头顶上的
concerning关于、就...而论 accessing访问
faculty全体教职员
embassy大使馆
be suitable for合适的、适于 unit3 Academic Writing succinctly简要、简洁
legislate通过立法、立法规定 motivation动机
be integral to完整的、必须的 observes观察
promising有前途的、有希望的 tutoring辅导
conception概念 marked明显的
differentials差别 ethnic民族
intermediate中等水平 disciplinary纪律
internal内在的 external外在的
facilitate有助于 impede妨碍
sustain维持、支撑 distribute分布
reliable可靠的
a variety of许多
have significant impact on具有重大影响 conventional protocols传统协议be optimal of对...是最好的 utilizes利用
localized本地化
斌哥祺哥手打,保佑期末不挂
incorporate组成公司
fusion into合并 be transmitted to被发送到
simulation仿真 principles纪律
represent代表 in that因为
modifications修改、修正 cull from从...中采集
analogous to和...类似 dedication贡献、奉献
patience耐心 acknowledge承认、鸣谢 invaluable无价的
gratitude感激
evocative唤起的、引起回忆的 cease to停止
acquaintance知识、心得
esteemed受人尊重的 insight into and sage advice洞察和明智的建议erudition博学
tremendous极大的、巨大的、非常多的 immutable不可改变的endear使亲密、使受喜爱 generosity慷慨、大方 Unit 4 in regard to 关于
address sb. 给...做演讲、向…致辞 entitle 题目是...
enlightening 有启发作用的 cater to 迎合;为...服务
benefit a lot 受益匪浅 reflections and insights思考和见解 prior to 在...之前
credential 证书 be granted 被授予
interactive 互动的 gracious 亲切的、高尚的
mitigate 减轻
devastating 毁灭性的
coastal wetlands 海岸湿地 buffer 缓冲
livelihoods 生计
intact 完整的
sustainable 可持续发展的 acknowledge 承认、认识
moderator 主持人 Be related to 与...相关
toxic 有毒的 gigantic 巨大的、庞大的
disruption 中断 crank 驱动、发动
abundance 丰富、充裕 emissions 排放物
dispense 执行
identify 辩证、识别
landscape 风景 degrade from 降级
habitat栖息地
collaboration 合作
tremendous 极大的、巨大的 boom 繁荣
juncture 接缝、连接、结合 disposing 安排、处理
enhance 提高、增强、加强
斌哥祺哥手打,保佑期末不挂
commit onself to 许诺做...
ban 禁止 disposable 可任意处理的
beverage 饮料 comprehensive 综合的
Unit 5 congratulations on 就...致贺
convening 召开 congenial 意气相投的
remarkable 卓越的 distinguished 著名的
conjoint 相连的、共同的 strengthened 加强
artificial intelligence 人工智能
influential 有影响力的
fragility 易碎性
transparency透明、透明度
tremendous巨大的
contribute to对...有贡献
beneficial 有益的 distinguished 著名的 confirmed by 被...证实 come to terms with 妥协 sustained持续的
resolution解决办法 tangible 体的 4
第二篇:英语国际学术交流——主持人演讲词
表示欢迎:Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen, I’m privileged to welcome you all to “Nuclear energy around us” conference.
You have come all the way for this conference. Thank you very much for your attention/participation.
自我介绍:Let me introduce myself I am Dr Wangfrom DLUT, China, and I am going to be the chair for this morning’s session.
介绍议题:
This conference will focus on the
discussion of the various aspects of Nuclear Energy
It includes the application of nuclear energy and the Safety and Waste of Nuclear Energy .And we will also discuss the prospect of Nuclear Energy.
这个会议将主要讨论有关核能的各个方面。
I hope that this conference of Nuclear Energy will improve our understanding of DEF. I also hope that the Congress will provide the opportunity for personal
exchange of scientific results, facilitate the making of new acquaintances, and strengthen personal friendships among participants from different parts of the world.
介绍报告人:
Now it gives me great pleasure to introduce today’s speakers. They are :
Zhao Fan, professor of Tsing Hua University institute of Nuclear and new energy technology.
Xu Chong feng, president o f China Power investment group company.
Liu Qian, professor of Physics ,head of American Nuclear Energy Association.
1Today our first speaker is Zhao Fan,
The title of her presentation is “The History of Nuclear Energy”. Let’s welcome
toprofessor Zhao Fan.
向报告人示谢:
Thanks professor Zhao very much for her splendid report. After pro Zhao’s speech , do you have any questions, hands up please!
No? Okay,
Our allocated time is almost up. Now I would like to answer one more question.
Any additional questions ?Thank you once again for your excellent explanation
2Our second speaker is Xu Chong
feng, as the president of China Power investment group company,he will present us another excellent report titled “The Safety and Waste of Nuclear Energy”.
Let’s welcome to president Xu with our warm applause.
向报告人示谢:
Thanks president Xu very much for
his excellent speech. After pre Xu’s reportIs there any specific question you would like to address to president Xu?
I believe president Xu will give you any satisfactory answers.
Any additional questions?
I hope the audience will participate in the discussion by raising their hands.
3The third presentation will be made
by Liu Qian, head of American Nuclear Energy Association. She will be speaking to us on something about the Prospect of Nuclear Energy.
Let’s welcome to Professor Liu. 向报告人示谢:
Thanks professor Liu very much for her wonderful speech. After pre Xu’s report is there any specific question you would like to address to professor Liu?
Any additional questions ?
控制进程:
Let’s keep on schedule and go ahead to the fourth paper. We’ll then go on with the last paper. Well, I am sure we could discuss longer, but unfortunately time is up. Thank you very much, Dr A. Our next speaker
is Dr C. Sorry, we don’t have any time for questions, so we have to proceed to the next paper.
三位报告人报告结束:
Thanks for the excellent report of the three experts. Finally Let’s welcome to Professor Liu Jian ,Secretary,Dalian University of Technology ,Dalian,China, give us a summary of conference. 报告总结:
Thanks for the excellent report of the four experts.
Nuclear energy Safety is important for public health, socio-economic stability and global commerce.
核能安全是关公众健康、社会经济稳定和全球贸易的重大问题.
There is no denying the fact that it makes nuclear energy protection an
extremely important issue worldwide, the city authorities should take strong
measures to deal with it. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
无可否认,核能保护是一个极其严重的世界性问题,城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。任何政府忽视这一点,都将付出巨大的代价。
Nuclear energy safety also happens to be an issue that could be significantly improved through dialogue, knowledge sharing and collaboration.
核能安全也是一个可以通过对话、协作和知识共享而得到极大改进的问题。he International “Conference Nuclear energy around us”
Each year the nuclear Safety Conference offers stakeholders an
unparalleled opportunity to come together to discuss and solve the most pressing nuclear energy safety challenges.
作为性会议核安全会议为食品产业链的参与者提供了一个无与伦比的机会,大家共聚一堂,商讨与应对最紧迫的核能安全挑战。
宣布休会 We have come to the end of our session。 We will now close the session. Thank you. I declare the session closed. Today,we are so lucky. 今天我们很幸运。
We have given a lot of outstanding experts` reports.
我们听取了许多优秀的专家的报告。Thanks again!Okay, well, thank you all for your
attention and your time. I appreciate it very much. I am sorry to say that this session will have to stop here. Thank you for your illuminating questions, I would be very glad to discuss them with you after the meeting.Any other questions? Well, we do
appreciate your patience and willingness to share with us your experiences as well. I hope that you enjoy the rest of the afternoon. Drive safely or fly safely.Additional questions from anyone in the audience? If not, on behalf of the three of us, we greatly appreciated all of your interaction with us.
第三篇:国际学术交流英语 第四单元重点词汇
Unit 4 Task 1 Words 1, tactful, 机智的,圆滑的。 2, expertise, 专门知识。
eg, The appropriate handing of a meeting depends on a chairman’s adequate preparations, expertise in the topic of the meeting and tactful chairing manners. 3, credential, 学术经历,成就。
eg, I am going to start by covering Randy’s academic credentials. 4, tenure, 长期聘用。
eg, He was granted tenure a year early at Shandong university. 5, delegate, 代表。Distinguished delegates. 6, reservoir, 水库。
eg, Everyone has an enormous untapped reservoir of potential. 7, exponentially, 以指数方式地。
eg,If you want to keep your wealth and grow it exponentially, please join me in … 8, adjourned, 休会
eg, I declare the plenary session adjourned until tomorrow. 9, recital, 朗诵
biography, 传记
anecdotes, 轶事
eg, Avoid boring the audience with a long recital of the speaker’s biography or with a long series of anecdotes about your acquaintance with him. 10, prestige, 威望、声望
eg,The less well-known the speaker is, the more you will need to build up his prestige. 11, venue, 地点
eg, Be in attendance at the venue minutes. 12, rehearse, 排练
eg, You should rehearse your remarks several times before you chair a meeting. 13, podium, 乐队指挥台,讲台
eg, You should walk confidently to the podium, stand erect . 14, salute, 致敬,欢迎
eg, “Your Excellencies” used to salute a head or heads of government present. 15, allotted, 分配的
eg, You should also indicate the allotted time for each presentation. 16, courteous, 有礼貌地,谦恭地
eg, A good chairperson needs to deal with unexpected events in a firm but courteous manner. 17, affiliated, 附属的,有关联的,就职于
eg, From 2000 to 2004, he was affiliated with the Institute for Social. 18, verse, 诗
crystallized, 趋于完美的 eg, Over time, his verse id simplified and crystallized.
Phrase 1, plenary session 全体会议。 2, cater to 迎合,为……服务。 3, zest for 对……热心。 4,back up 支持。
5,pay one’s tribute to 表达对某人的致敬、称赞。 6, refreshment arrangement 提神饮料地。 7, to name but a few 仅以这些为例。
Task 2 Words 1, propagate, 传播
eg, It is an effective tool for propagating an idea, outlining a plan and explaining a problem. 2, mitigate, 减弱,缓和
eg, Wetlands can mitigate extreme weather events. 3, buffer, 缓冲物
eg, Coastal wetlands appear to be a buffer for the waves of storms. 4, glaciers, 冰川、冰河
eg, Now global warming is causing the glaciers to disappear. 5, intact, 完整的
eg, Millions of people depend for their livelihoods on intact and functioning wetlands. 6, corridors, 走廊
Intrusion, 侵入
eg, The wetlands act as transport corridors and provide protection against floods and saltwater intrusion. 7, integrate, 整合
eg, Sustainable development therefore means recognizing and integrating these environmental values. 8, violated, 侵犯
eg, Women are most often the ones whose human rights are violated. 9, echo, 反复、共鸣
eg, If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that … 10, heed, 注意、留心
eg, ;Let us heed that call so we can create a word in which … 11, rhetoric, 华丽的辞藻,修辞 eg, We must move beyond rhetoric. 12, symposium, 讨论会
canvass, 讨论、细查
eg, The canvass of the symposium is very large. 13, divergence, 分歧 eg, There is often a divergence between a person’s actual abilities, contributions and needs. 14, destitute, 贫穷的
entitle, 赋予……什么权力
eg, In India, for instance, even if destitute, are not entitled to a pension if they have an adult son. 15, altruism, 利他主义
eg, In practice, assumptions about male altruism are often proved wrong. 16, claimant, 原告,索赔人
eg, In South Asia they define the legitimate claimants for property. 17, seclusion, 隔离
eg, They may even define whether at all women should work outside the home, such as female seclusion norms. 18, inheritance, 遗产
eg, Social norms can thus severely restrict women’s economic options by discouraging them from claiming their inheritance or from taking up jobs. 19, exogenous, 外因的
eg, Conventionally, economists have taken very little account of perception biases and assume that social norms are exogenous. 20, digress, 离题
eg, Don’t allow yourself to digress about side issues or irrelevancies. 21, cohesion, 凝聚,结合
fragment, 碎片
eg, Without transitions, speeches lack cohesion and sound fragmented. 22, monotone, 单调
syllable, 音节
enunciate, 发音,阐明
eg, Do not speak in a monotone, speak each syllable of every word clearly and distinctly and enunciate clearly. 23, ambivalent, 矛盾的
eg, If you are bored or ambivalent, your tone and manners will reflect your attitude. 24, dwell, 居住,存在于,细想某事
eg, This part is most difficult, let’s dwell a little on it.
Phrase
1, move beyond rhetoric, 实际行动 2, take perceptions, 首先来讲 3, be embedded in 根植于……
4, transfer…to… 过户,转账财产,转学,调离工作 5, be entitled to 有权力做某事
6, cut across 径直穿过,抄近路通过 7, claim one’s inheritance, 继承遗产 8, take account of 考虑 9. trim away 剔除, 10, glue to 粘上,盯住,注意力集中于 11, dwell on 细想某事
Task 3 Words
1, retention, 保留,扣留
eg, A well-prepared and successful Q&A has many advantages: to clarify points, to gain additional information and to increase retention of information. 2, moderator, 仲裁人、调解人
sponsor, 赞助者
panelist, 专家小组 3,toxic, 有毒的
gigantic, 巨大的,庞大的
eg, The result is that we put billions of pounds of toxic materials in the air and generate gigantic amounts of waste. 4, crank, 奇想,曲柄
eg, I want to crank the goal of industry in a different direction to produce a world of abundance and good design. 5, dispense, 免除,分配
eg, “We’ll tell you at what rate you can dispense death.” 6, juncture, 时刻
eg, The U.S. is pleased to be able to share our experiences at this important juncture in Chinese history. 7, dictate, 命令,指示
eg, We have learned the increased economic growth does not dictate a decrease in environmental progress. 8, hazardous, 有危险的,碰运气的
eg, We have signed an agreement on hazardous waste management. 9, annex, 附加物
eg, This new annex will enhance the successful relationship that has been established between the U.S. and China. 10, capacitor, 电容器
eg, China has started work on projects to aid in the cleanup of sites where capacitors are stored and buried. 11, disposable, 可任意处理的,用完即可丢弃的
beverage, 饮料
eg, Denmark has completely banned the use of disposable beverage containers. 12, attribute, 属性、特质
empathy, 神入,感同身受
eg, A manager should possess attribute such as confidence, flexibility , helicopter view(全局观念) and empathy are also very helpful. 13, adversity, 逆境
tribulation, 失败,失利
resolute, 坚决的 eg, Every great person has to endure tremendous trail and tribulations, each time you persist in the face of adversity and disappointment, you become stronger and more resolute. 14, instill, 徐徐滴入
eg, How do you instill ethical leadership throughout your organization? 15, dictate, 指示,命令
eg, there are some particular dictates:… 16,remunerative, 盈利的
eg, I have to say it is not very remunerative, I couldn’t even make the fight out here. 18, groom, 培养人才,整饬
eg, I am looking forward to being a good advisor, making sure that Berkshire is grooming people for whatever succession.
Phrase 1, open up 打开,开始
2, integrate…with… 把…结合起来 3, commit to 承诺,许诺 4, helicopter view, 全局观念 5, build into 注入
6, proficiency in 精通,熟练 7, a shred of 碎片,少量 8, wrap up, 包裹,圆满完成
9, hit the nail on the head 直中要害 10, don’t hold water, 站不住脚
第四篇:国际学术交流英语_讲稿以及问答_PM2.5
Morning ladies and gentlemen,it is a great honor for me to be here to do my presentation, today I want to say something about air pollution-PM2.5. As the beginning of my presentation, I’ll show several pictures of foggy cities. Can you guess where is this picture taken from? Yes, it’s the Oriental Pearl in Shanghai. And this place is the Palace Mus
I hope that in 10 years,20 years, our sky will be like this. Thank you for your attention~
Q:如果没有人为的空气污染,那么在空气中的PM2.5浓度是多少啊 If there is no pollution, what is the concentration of PM2.5 A:即使没有人为污染,空气中也有一定浓度的PM2.5.这个浓度称为背景浓度。大约是3-5微克每立方米
Even if there is no man-made pollution, also have a certain density of PM2.5 in the air. The concentration is called background 。It is about 3 to 5 milligrams per cubic meter
Q: 从我们的专业角度讲,我们能做什么?对于一些大城市出现的汽车限购政策,你认为是一个好的措施吗?
From the point of view of professional,what can we do for the pm2.5 problem?Do you think the restriction policy
of automobile in many cities is a good measure?
A:从一定程度上可以减少排放量,是一个措施,但不一定是适合所有城市。
We should develop advanced engine technology and after treatment technique to reduce the pm2.5 emission.
Q:Distinguished Professor Li, do you think we can control the pm2.5 pollution successfully? A: No Q:so what is the significance of the control of pm2.5? A:actually it is impossible in china,just as the horizon, you can see it, but you can never get it. Q:so did you mean the control of pm2.5 is just of more psychological importance? A: yes, i did
第五篇:基于TBL和CIM的研究生“国际学术交流英语”教学模式探索与实践
【摘 要】本文以建构主义学习理论为指导,提出并介绍了基于任务驱动学习法和协作研究模式的大连理工大学非英语专业研究生“国际学术交流英语”课程教学模式,希望给非英语专业研究生英语教学改革带来一定的借鉴意义。
【关键词】建构主义 任务驱动学习法 协作研究模式 学术交流英语
【中图分类号】G642 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1006-9682(2012)06-0018-03近年来,由于我国经济持续快速增长,研究生培养的规模不断扩大,社会对高层次人才的外语水平要求越来越高。如何保证并逐步提高研究生英语水平,以适应我国在21世纪对高层次人才培养的需要,满足研究生对英语的需求,是一个亟待研究和解决的问题。非英语专业研究生英语(第一外语)教学大纲也强调“研究生英语教学的宗旨是为了使学生掌握英语这门工具,进行本专业的学习、研究与国际交流,为我国的社会主义建设服务。在教学中要坚持从实际出发、学以致用的原则,培养和提高研究生运用英语的能力。”[1]
就学生的实际需求而言,理工科高校的硕士研究生毕业以后一部分将直接走上工作岗位,一部分可能会选择继续攻读博士学位,无论是哪一种情况,参加国际性学术会议、参与组织国际性学术会议、申请研究资金和项目、撰写英文报告等都将是他们今后学术或职业生涯中非常现实的任务和工作的一部分。[2] 因此,培养研究生在学术情境中熟练使用外语是十分紧迫的教学课题。
作为大连理工大学研究生英语教学改革的进一步深入的成果,“国际学术交流英语”课程于2006年3月开设,授课对象是所有硕士研究生,是英语必修课中的一门。从开课至今,开课近120个班,选课人数近4000人次。大连理工大学国际学术交流英语课程设计和实践与其他高校相比,特点在于:依托自己研发的“研究生公共英语自主学习系统”,利用课堂和网络教学相结合,采取TBL和CIM的教学模式,形成教师和学生共同参与评价的评估体系,并及时编写出版相配套的教材,在几年的教学实践中取得了较为理想的教学效果。
一、理论依据
建构主义教学旨在促进学生学习,在学生的学习发展过程中,不断培养学生对知识、技能的理解、运用以及训练学生的思维能力与品质,提倡知识不是通过教师传授得到的,而是学习者在一定的情境即社会文化背景下,借助其他人(包括教师和学习伙伴)的帮助,利用必要的学习资料,通过意义建构的方式获得的。[3]学习是在一定的情境即社会文化背景下、借助其他人的帮助即通过人际间的协作活动而实现的意义建构过程,因此建构主义学习理论认为“情境”、“协作”、“会话”和“意义建构”是学习环境中的四大要素或四大属性。[4] 建构主义学习理论的核心是“以学习者为中心”。一是鼓励学习者对自己的成功学习负更大的责任,让学习者自己决定并设计学习内容、学习方法、学习活动、学习的进度以及对学习进行评价;二是采用的教学方法能使学习者对学习过程实行更有效的控制。在建构主义理论指导下,根据学生的实际学习需求,我们采用任务教学法和协作研究模式相结合的教学模式。
基于建构主义学习理论的有效方法就是任务驱动学习法TBL(Task-Based Learning)和协作研究模式CIM(Collaborative-Inquiry Model)。TBL是“以学为中心”的教学方法,主张学生在真实或接近真实的环境中,通过自主学习与合作学习等多种方式完成一个来源于真实世界或模拟真实世界的任务,以此构建自身的知识与技能。实际操作上,教师根据教学目标将教学内容设计成一个或者多个任务(Task),给学生一个特定的情境或需要解决的问题,让学生发散思维,在强烈的问题动机的驱动下积极主动地思考,通过学和做完成既定的任务。[5] 在此过程中,学生既可以很好地掌握教学内容,达到教学目标,又可以培
养自己分析问题和解决问题的能力。而CIM以先进的合作学习、研究性学习和群体动力理论为依据,以一定授课内容为基础,通过教师、学生、媒介的相互作用针对某一问题进行研究,旨在最大限度地适应学生学习、研究、实践和情感的需求,提高他们的逻辑推理能力、协作研究精神和反思评价能力。该模式注重开放式的教学内容取舍,以协作互助的形式进行任务型教学活动,注重引导学生通过各种形式发现、探索并尝试解决某一具体问题,有助于培养适应时代需要的综合性高层人才,尤其是富有创新精神和合作能力的研究生。协作研究模式倡导学习者在异质小组中相互合作,提高个人学习效果并达成共同学习目标,从自然、社会和生活中选择专题进行研究,主动获取、应用知识、解决问题,其操作模式包括接受学习和发现学习相结合模式、建构主义模式、问题解决模式和创造性模式。[6]
二、具体实践
1、教学方法
(1)TBL和CIM相结合。本着充分发挥教师和学生“教学双主体”的积极性的原则,我们采用任务驱动学习法TBL(Task-based learning)和协作研究模式教学法CIM(Collaborative-Inquiry Model)。采取小班上课的形式,25人一个班,分成若干小组。课堂不再是教师单纯讲解知识的场所,变成了学生使用英语的训练基地和展现自我的舞台。课堂上每个小组要脱稿以各种充满创意的形式如表演、演讲、辩论和讨论等完成教师事先布置好的驱动性任务。学生们在上课之前要进行大量的调研、准备活动内容、制作英语幻灯片、小组彩排等。这种教学方法既体现了学生作为学习过程主体的主动性、积极性与创造性,又发挥了教师引导、启发、监控教学过程的主导作用。
(2)基于网络的课堂教学和网络自主学习相结合。除了改革传统课堂教学的授课方法,依托“研究生英语自主学习系统”,由教师定期设计和编辑相关教学材料,制定课程任务。课程任务的设计也是以任务为驱动,改变传统的以知识点为核心的教学模式,实现对研究生的引导,使学生在自主探索完成任务的过程中,潜移默化地培养符合自身特点的学习模式。经过几年的积累,我们设计了一些兼具实用性和适用性的网上学习任务。每年网上课程内容的更新率达到20%,保证了内容的时事化和前沿化。下面以“模拟召开国际学术会议”为例,阐述TBL和CIM模式下的教学活动:首先,教师在课堂上讲解:①召开会议的前期准备(包括会议通知、会议论文征集、邀请信、邀请信回复、会议日程安排、提交论文摘要和摘要提交回复等);②实际与会过程中的英语使用(开幕词、介绍发言人、论文宣读、提问和回答以及闭幕词等)。课后把相关的学习资料设计成听力或写作教学任务,发布在“英语自主学习系统上,同时提供每个环节上常用的例句,从而完成了pre-task(任务前)的语言和信息的输入;布置学生以小组为单位在下一次上课时,模拟召开国际学术会议,基于学生组内讨论商定的会议主题,学生进行广泛调研,集体讨论预演,课上展示,完成task-realization(任务实现)的语言使用和操练;最后,组织学生组间讨论并要求学生进行自我反思,如:What skills and language expressions have you learned?(你学到了哪些技巧和语言?)并提供给学生更多的学习资源,完成task-transfer(任务拓展)。
3.教材更新
在大量的实际调查和论证的基础上,我们根据研究生目前和将来学习与工作的实际需要,编写了以任务型教学为基础的《高等学校研究生英语教材:国际学术交流英语》,划分了6大学习任务,以任务为驱动,改变了传统的以知识点为核心的教学模式,具有新的教学特色:
(1)注重真实场景下的、以明确目标为导向的语言交际活动,使学生通过完成学习任务、学习活动来掌握真实、实用和有意义的语言。
(2)强调以教师为主导、学生为主体的教学活动,突出体验、实践、参与、交流和合作的学习方式。学生在参与精心设计的任务型学习活动中认识语言,运用语言,发现问题,找出规律,归纳知识和感受成功。
(3)将英语教学中常用的呈现-练习-运用(presentation,practice,production)模式颠倒过来。在常规的“3p”教学模式中,任务通常体现为production中的综合运用式练习,用来巩固所学的语法结构、语言功能或词汇。而在任务型教学模式中,学生通常以完成任务中的活动为开始,任务完成后,教师再把学生的注意力引到活动中曾使用过的语言上,并进行纠正和调整。
(4)使教师从知识的传授者变为课堂活动的设计者、组织者和指导者,以编写话题为主,提供真实的语言环境,设计能引导学生完成目标的任务或活动,使学生从被动的听众变为主动的参与者。
(5)每一个话题都分成:样例示范、语言扩展、模仿操练和任务延展。
在6年多的实际使用中,该教材受到社会和多所大学师生的欢迎,多次再版并于2010年出版了修订版。
4.综合评价体系
质量是研究生教育的生命线。建立有效的评估机制才能保证研究生教育的质量。提倡研究生参与评价与反馈。在现有的形成性评价方式的指导下,利用平时成绩、学生自评、同伴评价、课堂评估、学习日志、小型课题研究、学术论文撰写等形式。对研究生英语学习进行整体评价。评价由教师和学习者共同完成,不仅师生之间互评,更强调自身评价;不仅评估教师的表现和学习者的成绩,还评估学习者各个阶段的各个影响因素。
改革和完善评价体系,建立客观公正的全息动态评估体系,遵循客观公正原则和全息评估原则,尽量在真实或接近真实的语境中测试研究生的语言综合运用能力,采用连续的形成性考核,不以测定某一时刻的水平为目的,而以测出研究生动态的进步为宗旨,科学全面地评价研究生整体学习过程中多次、多层面的学习状况,以促进研究生英语应用能力和学术能力的发展。
具体说明如下,对学生的评价包括两个板块:网上作业和课堂活动。网上发布若干个听力和写作作业,课堂上主要进行小组活动,主要包括:对大学或实验室的口译训练、以小组为单位模拟召开国际学术会议和会议地点的投标竞标,还有练习写作个人陈述等。课堂上学生的表现不仅仅由教师一人评价,而是根据所选材料的难易度、语言的流利和准确度、小组成员的配合度及课堂表演的优雅度,所有学生参与评价,和教师共同构成综合评价指标体系。2011~2012第二学期笔者对讲授的3个班共计55名学生进行了调查,有87%(47人)的学生认可这种评价方法。
5.教学效果
(1)在减少班级人数、减少面授课时的基础上大大增加了研究生进行语言锻炼的机会,同时培养了研究生在真实场景中综合运用语言的能力。
(2)积累了一批与研究生学习和生活息息相关、兼具趣味性和实用性、并仍在不断更新的封闭型任务和开放型任务。
(3)加强了学生学习的主动性和合作学习能力。学生以小组为单位根据任务要求积极思维、主动探究,不仅营造出热烈的课堂气氛,在共同提高口语的同时还培养了团队合作精神和协调能力。来自不同院系的小组成员在上完英语课后继续延续了课内结成的友谊,有的还结成对子定期一起继续学习英语。
三、结束语
基于TBL和CIM的研究生“国际学术交流英语”教学模式突出了以学习者为中心的教育理念,体现了自主学习和应用实践相结合的教学指导思想,摒弃了传统的以教师讲解为主的教学模式,建立了新的以应用实践为手段,以锻炼、提高学生实际运用能力为目的的教学模式。目前,国际学术交流英语课程,随着大连理工大学新一轮的本硕博一体化的教学改革的开展,计划面对全校学生开放,包括本科生、硕士生和博士生都可以选修这门课程。希望更多的学生从中受益。
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