第一篇：陕西八大景点导游词
陕西著名景点导游词
1碑林
各位游客请看这块碑石。在中国古代石碑上出现外国文字的碑石在碑林中有好几块。而《大秦景教流行中国碑》大概就是碑林里国际知名度最高的碑石了。它刻于唐德宗建中二年，也就是公元的781年，由波斯人景净述事，吕秀严书写。原立于唐长安城的大秦寺内，后来埋没土中。明天启三年，也就是公元1623年被重新发现，清末移入碑林。“大秦”是中国古代对东罗马帝国的称呼。景教，属基督教的一个分支，称聂斯脱利派，公元431年由叙利亚人聂斯脱利派创立于费城，也就是今天土耳其的塞克城以北。据碑文记载：“由波斯人阿罗本率领的传教代表团欲公元635年到达长安,受到隆重接待,并准许其传教。从此，景教在中国大范围流传开来。“景”是光明、美好的意思。碑首刻有基督教标志十字架。这块碑石记载了基督教早期传入中国的情况以及教规、教义，还有古叙利亚和汉文对照刻了72个景教僧侣的名字。为研究中国古代和欧洲、中亚的友好往来提供了宝贵资料。《大秦景教流行中国碑》在近代引起国际上的广泛关注。此碑拓片曾经传到了国外，并译成了拉丁文稿，引起了许多国家的注意。一些外国人认为，欧洲多基督徒，那么像这样记载景教的碑石应该运到欧洲供人瞻仰。1907年，丹麦人荷尔漠受英国政府指使，企图以3000两白银复制的假碑换取此碑，受到舆论反对，只得将复制的碑石运往伦敦。现在世界上好几个国家有这块碑石的复制品。
在《大秦景教流行中国碑》对面，我们看到的这几通碑石是唐代著名大书法家颜真卿书写的。分别是《多宝塔碑》、《颜氏家庙碑》以及《争座位稿贴》。颜真卿不仅书法潇洒，而且在历史上也以忠贞有节、刚正不屈著称。在发生“安史之乱”时，他作为平原太守，也就是今天的山东太守，联络他的兄弟颜篙卿起兵抵抗，被推为盟主。合兵20万，有力地牵制了叛军，成为平息叛乱的中坚人物，被封为鲁郡公。后来，李希烈叛乱，他前往劝降，被杀害。颜真卿的书法字如其人。他初学褚遂良，后来跟随张旭学习草书，在正楷中参用篆书。颜真卿的书法可用四个字来概括，那就是“圆、大、厚、方”。他的行书气势开张，挥洒自如，对后世影响很大，人称“颜体”。《多宝塔碑》为颜真卿44岁时所写，是留存下来的颜书中的最早作品，代表了他的早期风格，常被人们作为学习颜体的入门范本。《颜氏家庙碑》是他73岁时所写，笔力雄健，气韵醇厚，书法造诣达到炉火纯青的境界。《争座位稿》是他55岁时所写，是写给当时另一位官员郭英义的书信手稿，指责郭在公众场合把宦官鱼吵恩的座位安排在许多大臣之上。行笔苍劲有力，一气呵成，是颜体行草书中的精品。
现在我们来到了碑林的第三陈列室。通过这里陈列的碑石，我们可以对中国古代书体的演变做一个大致的了解。据《史记》记载，文字是由黄帝时代的一个史官仓颉造的，所以人们称仓颉为“造字圣人”。这里我们看到的是《仓颉庙碑》。其实文字的发明不应该归功于某一个人，它是人民群众在长期的生活实践中共同创造出来的。篆书是流行至今最古老的字体，在碑林的这个陈列室中，我们可以看到宋代梦英和尚刻立的《篆书目录偏旁部首碑》。他把东汉许慎《说文解字》中的540个偏旁部首分别篆出，并用楷书注释，自作序文说明。这对研究汉字的渊源、演讲以及篆体书法都大有益处。篆书在秦代时达到了高峰。但由于它字体繁难不便于书写，秦代的狱吏程邈把篆书的笔画和结构作了简化，把圆转为方折，形成了使用较为方便的隶书。由篆到隶是我国书体的一大变革。隶书到了汉代成为通用文字，逐渐趋于成熟美观。在这里我们可以看到汉隶的一个代表作《汉曹全碑》，它是东汉时为陕西合阳县令曹全所立。从这块碑石上我们可以看到隶书的特点：蚕头燕尾，外柔内刚。楷书出现于三国时期，隋唐时楷书成为通用的字体。历代统治者都把楷书规定为书写官府文书和科举文章的正式字体。楷书和行草书在这里都有代表的作品。因为时间的关系，我们就不一一概述了。
石刻艺术是中国优秀文化的重要组成部分。陕西是中国石刻艺术发展较早、遗存较丰富的地区之一，特别是汉唐盛世石刻以众多的数量和高超的技艺驰名海内外，在我国雕刻史上占有突出地位。石刻艺术室建于1963年，集中了散存在陕西各地的从汉到唐的圆雕、浮雕和线刻艺术品共70余件，分为陵墓石刻和宗教石刻两大类。陵墓石刻是用刀砸在石面上的图画，起源于西汉，盛行于东汉，2000多年来以它独有的特色显示着不朽的艺术魅力。 西汉时期，厚葬风气极盛，在贵族阶层中“事死如事生”的观念很强。他们生前的生活场景和宠幸爱慕的东西雕刻于墓室以尽人间之乐。汉代画像石便是在这种厚葬风气中逐渐产生的。石刻艺术室陈列的汉画像石大多出土于陕北。内容除少数神话故事外，其余的大量取材于现实生活，如牛耕、狩猎、乐舞，贵族生活等。汉画像石记载了大量的历史史实。因此，它们既是艺术创作又是历史记录，为研究东汉社会提供了珍贵的资料。《牛耕图》是汉代画像石的代表作，画面上有一人双手扶犁，前面有两头牛拉着,两头牛的牛颈上有一横杠,这就是二牛抬杠的耕作方法.汉朝时农业的耕作水平已经是很高的了.在陕北地区共出土汉代画像石500件,西安卑林博物馆收藏有133件。隋唐时期的陵墓石刻在这里陈列的有献陵石犀和昭陵六骏。我们现在所看到地这尊石雕是献陵石犀，它原来位于唐高祖李渊的献陵前，刻于公元635年，重10吨，是用整块巨石圆雕而成。这种犀牛的品种非常奇特。大家来看，它头上没有角，鼻子上方有一圆包，因此叫做“圆帽犀”。这种犀牛原产于东南亚一带，现已灭绝。据史料记载，唐初，林邑国，也就是今天越南顺化一带，以这种犀牛向唐王朝进贡，李渊非常喜欢。建造献陵时，唐太宗李世民就特意把石犀置于陵前。这一石雕注重写实，结构匀称，比例准确，显然是以活犀牛为“模特儿”，使人感到它温顺驯服，憨态可掬。
接下来各位看到的这一组石雕为“昭陵六骏”。它是原先置于唐太宗昭陵北麓祭坛两侧庑廊的六幅浮雕石刻。六骏，指唐太宗在统一中国的战争中曾经骑乘作战的六匹骏马。相传六骏图形出自于唐代著名画家阎立本之手。原先画面上角刻有唐太宗题铭的四言赞诗，是由欧阳询书写的，由于年代久远，字迹已经模糊了。唐太宗营建昭陵时，诏令立昭陵六骏的用意，除为了炫耀一生的战功外，也是对这些曾经相依为命的战马的纪念，并告戒后世子孙创业的艰难。六骏采用高浮雕手法，以简洁的线条，准确的造型，生动传神地表现出战马的体态、性格和战争中身冒箭矢、驰聘疆场的情景。每幅画面都告诉人们一段惊心动魄的历史故事。由于六骏雕刻精美，引起了外国人的注意。1914年，美国人毕士博勾结陕西军阀陈树藩将六骏中的两骏盗运美国，现存于美国费城宾夕尼亚大学博物馆内。这两骏便是拳毛弧与飒露紫。大家现在看到的这两幅完整的浮雕作品，便是拳毛弧与飒露紫的复制品。1918年，他们又再次来到中国，企图将剩余的四幅砸成数块再次装箱运走，被人们发现拦存了下来。所以大家现在看到的是四幅残损的浮雕。它们虽然是残缺的，但却是真品。
大家现在看到的这尊庄严的石像是老君像，是道教的石刻。老子像是道教的教主李耳的雕像。因为它是唯一反映道教的石刻，所以就非常珍贵。不知大家有没有发现，这个老子像的眉目不像我们中原人。据说这是因为这个作品的雕塑者是西域的一个著名雕塑家，名叫元伽儿。他从小就生活在少数民族的圈子当中，作画、写生都是以本民族的人为摹本，久而久之就形成了他这种独特的风格。老子的形象庄严肃穆，耐人寻味。台座的变形牡丹花图案疏密有致，匀称饱满。它原先位于骊山的华清宫朝元阁内，当年接受过唐玄宗的膜拜。后来在一个风雨交加的晚上，朝元阁倒塌了，使老子像的外面裹了一层泥塑，所以至今保存完整。于1963年移存到这里，是唐代石雕中的珍品。
各位团友，今天我们将游览被誉为“石作莲花云作台”的华山。华山又称太华山，位于西安城东120公里的华阴市以南。
华山古称西岳，是我国五岳之一，因山峰自然排列若花状，故得名华山。1992年12月会山被 评为全国风景名胜40佳之一。即使没来有来过华山的朋友也会从一些有趣的神话和掌故中了解到一些华山的情况，如“自古华山一条路”、“华岳仙掌”、“沉香劈山救母”、“华山论剑”，以及近代的智取华山等，这些美丽的神话传说和故事体现了自古以来人们对华山的向往和崇拜。
华南 山北瞰黄河，南依秦岭，被称为“华山如立”，整个山体线条简洁，形如刀削、斧劈，奇峰突兀，巍峨壮丽。被誉为“天下奇险第一山”。
说到奇，它是由一块巨大的完整的花岗岩构成。古人云，“山无石不奇，无纯石不大奇”，“华山削成而四方，其广十里，高五千仞，一石也”是谓之“大奇”。华山共有五座主峰，其中东、西、南三峰最高，三峰鼎峙耸立，“势飞向云外，影倒黄河里”，有“天外三峰”之称。提到险，其凌空架设的“长空栈道”，悬岩镌刻的“全真岩”，三面临空，上凸下凹的“鹞子翻身”以及在峭壁悬岩上开凿的千尺童、百尺峡、老君犁沟、擦耳崖、苍龙岭等处都奇险异常。“自古华山一条路”。山中道路仅有南北一线，约10公里，逶迤曲折，艰险崎岖，不少地方真可谓是“一夫当关，万夫莫开”。
华山除了有壮丽的自然景观之外，同时又有丰富的历史文化积淀，人文景观比比皆是。仅山上山下及峪道沿途，题字、诗文、石刻就会使人流连忘返。
朋友们，我们现在来到的就是玉泉院，据说因这里的泉水与山顶的玉井相通，水质清洌甘美，故名“玉泉院”。它是攀登华山的必经之地。相传为隐士陈抟所建。院内殿宇亭台、回廊曲折，泉水淙淙，是游赏胜地。玉泉院与我们一会将会见到的东道院、镇岳宫都是道教的活动场所，现共有殿宇53间。院中建筑多是清代乾隆年间重新修建的。
各位朋友，我们现在位于五峰之一北峰脚下，距华山谷口约10公里，这里是华山山峪水流的源头。请大家顺着我手指的方向看那些树，也许是许多人都会认识它，对，就是青柯树。这里青柯树在此浮苍点黛，故名“青柯坪”。
过青柯坪至回心石。登山的道路由此交从平坦的石板路变为在峭壁上开凿的狭窄的石梯，眼看山路盘旋而上，许多意志薄弱的游客来到这里都会回心转意望山兴叹无功而返。
朋友们，现在我们已到达了北峰。经过前面三关，我想大家已经对华山的险有了一定的认识了吧。北峰双名云台峰，海拔1550米，这里山势峥嵘，三面悬绝，巍然独秀，有若云状，因恰似一座云台而得名。它的高度是最低的，却有着非常重要的地理位置，它扼守的四峰的要枢。我们面前的这个小亭叫“军魂亭”，此名来源于景片《智取华山》。
现在我们来到的是中峰。中峰又名玉女峰。传说春秋时，华山隐士萧史，善吹洞箫，优美的箫声博得秦穆公的小女儿弄玉的爱慕，使她放弃了奢华舒适的宫廷生活，随箫史在此隐居，多年后二人修炼成仙乘凤而去，山上许多名胜也因此得名。有玉女洗头盆、舍身树等。由于这则美丽的爱情故事，华山在它博大、庄严、深沉之后又被赋于了一些浪漫与温柔。
经中峰，我陪同大家去东峰参观。
东峰，又称朝阳峰，峰顶有朝阳台，在此是观日出的最佳地方。山不在高，有仙则名。华山据传是众多神仙聚居的地方。道家仙境。传说宋太祖赵匡胤与华山隐士陈抟老祖在一个孤峰，上有棋台，那就是他们下棋的地方。陈抟又叫希夷先生，是一个有道行的仙人，二人经过商议，越匡胤以华山做赌注。结果输给了陈抟，按事先订立的条件，华山自此成为道家的道场且永有纳粮。在东东峰的东崖上，有一天然图案。大家看到了吧，像不像一只巨掌?这只巨掌20余丈，五指参差不齐，中指直贯顶峰，每当日光照射，五指跃然如悬图上。这就是所谓的“关中八景”之首的“华岳仙掌”。据说在很久以前，华山和中条山相连，右足登开中条山，给黄河开出一条通道，现在我们看到的就是河神的手指在托华山时留下的指印。
南峰又名落雁峰，是华山最高峰，海拔2160米，来到这里如临仙境。正如古诗所云“惟有天在上，更无山与齐，抬头红日近，俯首白云低”。这里四周都是松林，杂以桧柏，迤逦数里，浓阴密闭。现在我们眼前看到的是险要之处就是第四险关“长空栈疲乏”。长空栈道悬空半壁，下临深渊，是华山最险要处之一。没有过人的胆量和坚定的意志，是不敢一游的。峰顶有“太上泉”，池水青绿澄澈，常年不竭，俗称“仰天池”。池崖上镌刻甚多，多为明清和近代诗人所题。武侠小说《射雕英雄传》中描写的“华山论剑”大概也是发生在南峰。
我们现在来到是华山的精华部分。西峰，又称莲花峰，得名于峰顶翠云庙前右侧的那块大石，其状如莲花，山峰奇拨峻峭，如刀切剑削，壁立千仞。此峰最高处有“摘星台”，登台俯瞰，秦川茫茫，蓝天如洗，浩瀚无际，渭、洛二水如银带，北望黄河细如丝。唐代大诗人李白观此景后曾写下“西岳峥嵘何壮哉，黄河如丝天际来”的美丽诗句。
现在我们看到的巨石叫“斧劈石”。石身有一条0.66米宽的裂缝，关于这条裂缝也有一个感人的传说。玉皇大帝的小女儿圣母与被玉帝打下凡世的金单玺相爱之后，结为夫妻。二郎神杨戬大骂其妹三圣母私配凡夫，违反天条，于是将三圣母压在华山西峰顶的巨石下面，后来三圣母生下一个儿子，取名沉香，沉香长大成人得知真相后，来到华山，战胜杨戬，了压在母亲身上的巨石救出母亲，全家得以全聚。这就是“劈山救母”神话发生的地方。
亿万年来鬼斧神工，造就了华山惊险壮丽的自然景观，千百年来文人墨客的咏颂，使华山积累了丰富的文化内涵。可以说，华山与华夏紧紧相连，是中华民族的象征;从关于华山的传说、掌故中我们可以看出，它不但博大、计策、典雅、深沉、严肃，而且幽默、诙谐，甚至还有一丝浪漫与温柔，这不正我们中华民族的写照吗?
最后，祝愿我们中华民族像华山一样永远屹立在世界的东方。
华清池位于西安市城东30公里处的临潼区内，南依骄山，北临渭水，内有自然造化的天然温泉。优越的地理条件和自然环境适于原始人类在此繁衍生息，更吸引了在陕西建都的历代帝王在此修建离宫别苑，自古以来就是我国著名的沐浴游览胜地。
第一点：我们今天要参观的华山是以险峻著称天下，一定要注意安全。最主要是记住走路不看景，看景不走路。不要翻阅护拦，不要到悬崖边等危险的地方去游览或者照相。不要刻意的追求摄影家的效果。带小孩子的游客，一定要把孩子看好。
第二点：大家要注意集合时间，地点，以免耽搁行程。记住我的电话13572368753，随时保持联系。华山的除了黄埔峪旅游进山公路30分钟没有信号外，基本都有信号，有的地方信号好点，有的要差点的。
现在我给大家说说华山的概况。华山是秦岭山脉的一部分，形成于距今7亿年前，俗称“西岳”。汉武帝把地处五个方位的山封为神山，华山地处西方，故名“西岳”。古代还为这5大名山对应了中国古代的五行就是金木水火土，华山在西方，属金，华山的形状刚好象是一个金元宝，到了华山北峰我让大家在金庸华山论剑的地方和华山这个元宝合影。
华山得名北魏地理学家俪道元《水经注》里所说是因为远而望之，有若花状，古代花和华通用，故名华山!
1996年华山的缆车的通车，结束了自古华山一条路的历史，我们今天就是乘坐缆车登山。我们先要换乘华山进山专线车进山，我们现在车子行驶的是黄埔峪旅游专线公路，大家有没有看过电影《智取华山》这就是当年的寻找向导之路，从检票处到华山索道的黄埔峪旅游公路全长7.66公里，花费2000万人民币。相传春秋战国时期名医黄卢子曾经在这里隐居修炼。黄卢子能唤黄龙潭中黄龙上天耕云播雨，解除百姓之苦。给人看病，千里之外，只要告诉他病人姓名，就可以开出药方解除病痛。
现在我们大家乘坐缆车上山，缆车是新加坡三特公司投资8000万人民币，采用的奥地利的设备，全长1525米，落差760米。一个缆车挂兜可以乘坐6个人。
现在我们上了缆车就到华山的北峰，缆车下面的那条路就是智取华山路，现在是一条便道。1949年华山解放了，胡宗南保安6旅的旅长韩子佩带领县乡民团400多人占山为王，我们解放军从正面根本打不上去，绕道后山，奇袭成功，根据这一事件拍的电影就叫做《奇袭华山》，后来周总理看了，说这件事情充分的表现了解放军的智勇双全，后来就改名《智取华山》。
我们现在可不要走平坦的路上北峰智取华山纪念亭，我们走智取华山路，也就是那边的步行路一部分，我要看看大家有没有恐高症，可不可以上华山的苍龙岭等的线路，他和其他路的坡度差不多，但是要短的多，你的身体如果适合爬山那我就让你去，连这里都征服不了，那上了北峰拍张照片我就要劝你下山了。
上山要走直线，感受华山的险，俗话说上山容易下山难，下山要走之字型的路，安全容易掌握身体平衡。
到了北峰我们先穿过北峰饭店，可不要太着急，北峰饭店有张华山的地图，我要给大家讲讲，一会上山的时候可能就走散了，我们要先熟悉一下地形才能够征服华山呀!
这里就是看地图的位置，大家先不要着急，先不要看地图，两个屋檐之间看华山的东峰象一个秃头的老鹰，那里是观日出的最佳地点，一早挤满了游人，又称朝阳峰。旁边的哪个就是西峰，直直的，好象刀削的一样，在智取华山的电影里，是敌军指挥部。也是神话传说《宝莲灯》的发生地。
现在我们大家转身过来看这个地图，看看华山顶部，是不是象个元宝。两边的突起就是东西二峰，中间突起就是华山的最高峰南峰，是传说中的武林高手比武论剑的地方，还有华山第一险长空栈道。
我们所处的位置就是北峰，经过擦耳岩，天梯御道就到了苍龙岭，过了苍龙岭就是五云峰金锁关。金锁关就是上面的四个峰东.西.南.中峰的必经之路。到了那里你可以决定去看任何一个峰，也可以顺道把四个峰都逛完。
我们是从黄埔峪进上来的，另外一条路叫做自古华山一条路。大家跟我再上几个台阶就可以看见自古华山一条路了。
大家现在往下面看，下面的羊肠小路就是从前上华山的毕竟之路了，从山脚走到北峰，大概要三四个小时呢!
再往上走就是鲤鱼嘴，马上就到北峰最高处了，有两条路可以上去，鱼背叫做步步高升路，有惊无险，鱼嘴叫做连年有余路，非常平坦。大家可以自由选择。
现在就到了北峰极顶，金庸先生2003年曾经在这里华山论剑，他在他的小说里多次提到华山，可给华山的宣传立下了汗马功劳呀。同时这里也是拍摄华山全景的最佳位置，给大家留点自由活动时间，一会们一起去爬苍龙岭!
第二篇：陕西韩城各大景点导游词-大禹庙
→ 大禹庙
欢迎大家来到大禹庙，大禹是生活在“三皇五帝”时期的治水英雄，距今已有4200多年历史，大禹治水时，开辟了九州制服了水魔，让老百姓在黄河流域安居乐业下来，为了感激大禹的恩德，过去民众在黄河沿岸修了很多大禹庙。但因年代久远，但保存下来的寥寥无几，物以稀为贵，韩城大禹庙，就因保存了全国唯一一尊大禹像和一批珍贵的历史文物而成为国家级文物保护单位。
大禹生活在父系家长制部落联盟时代，当时的生产力水平极其低下，人们对于自然界特别是水患无能为力。洪水经常泛滥，让老百姓不得安宁。为了解除人们的苦难，尧派鲧去治水，鲧治水九年，采用的是筑堤挡水的方法，这边挡住了，那边的堤又冲垮了，结果的劳民伤财，一事无成。在这种情况下，舜帝处死了鲧，让鲧的儿子禹继续治理洪水。禹接受了治水的任务后，实地考察了全国闹水灾的地区，制定了治水的计划，跟父亲鲧堵塞的方法相反，大禹采取了疏导的方式治水，就是凿山开渠，疏通雍塞，把洪水引入大江大河，然后归于大海。
当时，黄河中游有一座大山，叫龙门山，它堵塞了河水的去路，把河道挤得十分狭窄。奔腾的黄河水受到龙门山的阻挡，常常冲出河道，闹起水灾。禹到了那里后，观察好地形，带领人们开凿龙门，把这座大山凿开了一个大口子，这样水就畅通无阻了，后来人们为了纪念禹的功劳，就把这个缺口叫“禹门口”也就是我们要去的龙门。后来人称颂禹治水的功绩，尊称他是“大禹”又因为禹所在的部落叫夏，所以他又被称为“夏禹”。
禹在治水的时候经常蓬头垢 面地勤恳工作，由于长年累月地泡在水里，他的脚指甲都脱落了，小腿上的毛也掉光了。他手下的人看了个个都流泪。禹在治水的13年中，曾经有3次路过自己的家门都没有进去。第一次，他的妻子生下了儿子启，儿子正在哇哇大哭，禹从门外经过，听到哭声，也狠心没有进去探望，当他第二次路过家门时，儿子已经长到十岁了，使劲把他往家里拉，他仍然没有进家门。这就是人们常说的三过家门而不入。禹不光勤劳治水，他还教群众栽培作物，让人们互通有无大力发展了农业，舜帝年老时就把位置让给了治水有功的禹，这就是历史上的“禅让制“
大禹庙占地面积2000平分米，使建于元大德五年〈公元1301年〉是一处典型的元代建筑，座北朝南的献殿是祭拜大禹时的活动之所，由两根八角形石柱支起前檐，组成一个外三间，而里面由斗弓分成五间的“明三暗五”的建筑格局。穿过献殿我们就进入大禹庙的正殿，可以看到神龛内有三组彩塑神像：中间的塑像为大禹像，大禹额冠博带，神态威严，一幅帝王之相，有些史书著作上也认为大禹是我国第一个奴隶制国家夏朝的开国君主，所以这样的帝王之相也就有据可察了。大禹像的左边是面目狰狞，三头六臂的黑虎灵官，据说黑虎灵官是 辅佑大禹治水的神灵。他力大无比，开山除妖的事都由他做。右边是唐朝名将郭子仪夫妇的双坐像，郭子仪夫妇面目慈祥，全身抱满了小孩，为什么大禹庙有这样多的塑像呢?老百姓建大禹庙除了有对感恩大禹之外，还希望再遇到水患之时，能有祈求之所。而黑虎灵官的三头六臂则被是认为有降魔之法能保一方平安。而郭子仪夫妇呢?一生有七个儿子，八个女儿，多子多富，已被老百姓当成送子娘娘、送子公公，而供奉在这里了，这种一庙多神的组合，其实反映了汉民族信仰的杂乱。 神上有藻井彩画168副，花鸟人物，栩栩如生地反映出了极高的艺术水平。殿内的东西墙上有两幅壁画。东墙上画的时《西游记》中孙悟空收降红孩儿的故事;西墙上画郭子仪的“宴庆图”和“受降图”一副画两个场面，结合得异常巧妙。
这两幅画，绘于明代，和我国著名的山西芮城永乐宫壁画属同时期的作品，距今有五六百年的历史。据说使用现代的颜料作壁画，也保存不了这么长时间，足见当时我国艺术文化领域发展的水平。为什么旁边的壁画上出现孙悟空收降妖红孩儿的故事呢?可能是暗喻黑虎灵官有孙悟空般的法力无边，降妖除怪的能力。孙悟空及孙悟空受降红孩儿的故事已是大家非常熟悉的了。我们着重要介绍一下郭子仪。郭子仪是唐代著名将领。唐开元年间，他以武举走上了仕途，曾任天德军使〈今属内蒙〉，九原太宗〈今包头市〉节度兵马使职，平定了安史之乱，挽救了频临崩溃的唐朝，一生辅助了四位皇上。即玄宗、肃宗 、代宗、德宗,有“再造唐室，功在社稷”的美誉。德宗即位后，赐郭子仪号尚父。建中二年〈公元781年〉郭子仪去世，享年85岁。为了纪念这位功臣，德宗特下令加高郭子仪的坟墓，谥号“忠武”，和代宗之灵共同祭祀。为了唐朝，郭子仪可谓“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”这幅“宴庆图”表现郭子仪八十大寿时，儿孙满堂，宾朋满座，热闹豪华的场面。
另一副“降魔图”讲的是唐代宗宝应二年〈763年〉吐蕃纠集西北其他民族的军队20万人，攻进大震关(甘肃陇西)深入到奉天(今陕西乾县)武功(陕西武功)，逼近了京城长安。郭子仪只用了两千马骑兵，虚张声势上演了一出“空城记”使吐蕃害怕，退到宁夏南部甘肃东部一带地方，不过长安仍然处在吐蕃和其它少数民族的严重威胁之下。当时，唐朝有个叫仆固怀恩的大将曾经领兵讨伐过史朝义的叛乱，他仗着立过大功，不听朝廷的调遗。唐太宗永泰年元年〈765年〉他招引吐蕃和回纥军队一共好几万人作乱，没想到半路上就病死了，这两支少数民族的军队把长安北面的泾阳包围了起来，郭子仪在此情况下决定要拆散两家的联盟，他只带来了几个骑兵，来到回军营，说服了回仡首领药哥罗，成功地瓦解了吐蕃联盟，并于回纥军一起击退了吐蕃军队。这就是史书上所说的“单骑退回纥”郭子仪步入了了兵法的最高境界——不战而胜。这幅壁画是帮助我们了解郭子仪历史的形象参考。
正庙之前原来有东西两座戏楼，始建于明代。现仅存西戏楼化妆室。每逢古历六月初十的庙会，东西戏楼会连唱三天三夜大戏，还有敲锣打鼓，耍神楼等活动助兴，以歌颂大禹公德、庆贺丰收，祈求风调雨顺。而所谓的对戏台也是此因而得来。现在的西戏楼化装室成为韩城神楼展，我们也借此来了解一下韩城神楼。
神楼就是微型神庙，里面所供奉的是地方神，过去的韩城，几乎村村有神庙，庙庙有神楼，神楼在韩城渊远流长，这里的韩城神楼是一个缩影。
这几架神楼按形状可分为无顶神楼和顶神楼 ，按神楼的表现形成又可分成为文神楼和武神楼。无顶神楼高大沉重，每楼供奉三至五尊神像，表演时动作沉缓文质彬彬，故称文神楼。有顶神楼，小巧玲珑，每楼内供奉一位神灵。由几百青年抬着，在鼓乐声中跑，舞姿多变，威风凛凛，豪放不羁，故称武神楼。“跑神楼”是人们借用祭神，求雨，还愿等进行的群众性娱乐活动。是我国古老的民族文化艺术形式之一。在过去，“跑神楼”多是借以神的名义，威横冲直撞，对于那些欺压百姓的、虐待父母的、短斤少两的、作恶多端的，群众总是借庙会之机，以神之威冲撞惩罚他们，这叫“人借神威，神借人力”。而以跑神楼的形式仰恶扬善，在当时的社会背景下，也的确收到了维护正义，震慑邪恶的社会效益。
第三篇：陕西旅游景点导游讲解词
⒈ P223 西安八路军办事处纪念馆
红军改编是在1937年8月22日，8月25日这里的红军联络处随着红军的改编也正式改名为：国民革命军第八路军驻陕办事处。这样，代表我党我军的第一个公开合法的办事机构首先在西安宣告成立。
⒉ P317 扶眉战役纪念馆
1949年7月10日(开始)在以扶风、眉县为中心，于7月14日(结束)解放了宝鸡
扶眉战役的胜利，彻底粉碎了国民党反扑西安的美梦，拉开了解放大西北、进军大西南的序幕，沉重打击并从根本上动摇了国民党在西北的反动统治。
⒊ P494 马栏革命遗址
距旬邑县城53公里
抗日战争和解放战争时期，马栏是陕甘宁边区的南大门，是圣地延安的前沿哨所，是陕甘宁边区关中分区政治、军事、经济中心，是西安乃至全国各地仁人志士和军用物资通往延安的重要驿站和红色通道。
⒋ P498 爷台山战役红色旅游区
爷台山位于淳化县东北15公里处
爷台山战役发生于1945年7月
我党的坚持“针锋相对，寸土必争“方针就是在这场战役中提出的。
⒌ P501 安吴青训班旧址
安吴青训班旧址位于泾阳县城的安吴堡村。安吴青训班是抗日战争初期，由西北青年救国联合会出面主办的，在国名党统治区陕西泾阳县云阳创办的一所战时青年干部学校。 ⒍ P533 陕甘边革命根据地照金苏区纪念馆
刘志丹、谢子长、李妙斋、习仲勋等老一辈无产阶级革命家，组建了中国工农红军第二十六军，开展了地方武装斗争，创建了西北第一个山区革命根据地—陕甘边革命根据地。 照金位于耀州区西北部，即位于耀州区、淳化、旬邑三县区边界之处
⒎ P580 华山
“智取华山纪念碑”记述的是：1949年5月25日，刘吉尧等八位勇士创造了“神岳飞越天险，英雄智取华山”的奇迹。6月13日是解放华山纪念日。
⒏ P702 P703 杨家岭革命旧址
1942年5月，中共中央宣传部在这里召开了著名的延安文艺工作者座谈会。这次会上毛泽东作了《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》
《东方红》这首歌，就是文艺座谈会后，农民歌手李有源根据陕北民歌—《骑白马》的曲调编唱的。
⒐ P719 枣园革命旧址
这里就是1944年9月8日为张思德召开追悼会暨毛泽东发表《为人民服务》讲话的地方。 ⒑ P744 P747 洛川会议纪念馆
1937年8月22日到25日，中共中央在这里召开了政治局扩大会议。通过了著名的《抗日救国十大纲领》，并将中国工农红军四万余人改编为国民革命军第八路军的命令。
1938年5月26日至6月3日，毛泽东根据洛川会议精神，完成了光辉著作《论持久战》 ⒒ P748 瓦窑堡革命旧址
中共中央率领红军于1935年10月19日进入西北苏区的吴起镇。
⒓ P821 米脂杨家沟革命旧址
在这里，毛泽东、周恩来、任弼时亲自主持了召开了具有重大历史意义的“十二月会议”。在十二月会议上，毛泽东作了题为《目前形势和我们的任务》的报告。是在中国共产党已经响亮的宣布“打倒蒋介石、建立新中国”的庄严目标的情况下提出来的。
第四篇：陕西省导游口试考试景点讲解：华山英文导游词
陕西省导游口试考试景点讲解：华山英文导游词Hua Shan is the highest of China’s five sacred mountains. It is 120 kilometers east of Xian. It has five peaks that resemble the petals of a flower. The highest peak is 2180 meters (7085 feet).
We had had discussions about going to Hua Shan with some graduate students from Computer Science. That didn’t work out due to changes in schedules on both sides. Also, they were planning to do the climb at night to be able to reach the peak at sunrise. That did not appeal to us. We wanted to spend a night on the mountain. Fran’s department arranged a trip for us, making reservations at the simple hotel on the North Peak. They sent two graduate students to accompany us, though they had not been to Hua Shan before. We met them at 8:00 on Saturday morning and took a taxi to the train station. There we asked around and located a mini-bus. The bus made a couple of stops. One was to see a presentation about the traditional medicines grown on the mountain and a chance to buy some of them. It probably would have been interesting if we understood Chinese. Our guides gave us the general outline about what was said. The other stop was a quick lunch stop. There are two approaches to Hua Shan. [Chinese proverb: “There is one road and only one road to Hua Shan,” meaning that sometimes the hard way is the only way.] The west entrance involves 10 kilometers of walking on a road before you start climbing. We went with the east entrance, where the bus brings you to the base of a cable car that goes up to the 1500 meter North Peak. Our plan was to walk up to the North Peak, then climb to the four other peaks the next day and take the cable car down.
We started the climb in the early afternoon. The path consists of stone steps with rough chain link handrails in the narrowest areas (we wore our bicycling gloves for hand protection). Physically, it is more like climbing the steps of a skyscraper than trails at home. However, the temperature was about 95 degrees and there was not much shade. We brought lots of water, including some bottles that we froze and some Gatorade that we got at the fancy department store in downtown Xian. There are plenty of refreshment stands along the way where you can buy bottled water, the Chinese equivalent of Gatorade, and other drinks or snacks at a premium price. We reached the North Peak before 4:00 PM and rested at the hotel. Our room was basic, but comfortable and clean enough. Because water is scarce on the mountain, there were neither showers nor sinks available for washing. In that sense the experience felt like camping, but we were sleeping in a big tent!
After dinner at the hotel restaurant, we spent some time talking with our guides. We were a bit surprised to find that they both think of Japan negatively, but like the U.S. It seems that Japan’s WWII behavior in China has not been forgotten, and is emphasized in school.
We saw a beautiful sunset and watched the sky become resplendent with thousands of stars, including the Milky Way galaxy. This was the clearest sky that we have seen in China. The fresh air at Hua Shan is a treat!
Our guides had both been planning to get up at 4:00 AM to watch the sunrise. Fran and I made sleep a priority. We did happen to wake up a bit before sunrise (our room faced east) and went outside to watch the sky become rosy. Ironically, our guides missed the sunrise because they had stayed up late watching the European soccer championships on the television in their room The plan for the day was to climb the other four peaks, but we reserved the right to shorten the route. The first part was a steep climb to Middle Peak. After the low North Peak, all the others are at roughly 2000 meters. There were crowds on the way to Middle Peak – mostly Chinese hikers but we did see a few other wai guo (foreigners) as well.
We visited two Taoist temples en route to Middle Peak. Each one had an altar with incense and offerings of fruit. The friendly monks invited us to say a prayer or to send blessings to loved ones. Fran accepted their invitation. At the first temple, she lit incense sticks and knelt on a cushion in front of the altar saying a silent prayer for our safe journey to the various summits of Hua Shan (the prayer was answered). At the second temple, she knelt on a cushion in front of the altar and sent silent blessings to several friends who are experiencing challenging situations in their lives at present. After each blessing, she leaned forward and the monk struck a drum.
After Middle Peak, the crowds got much thinner. The next was East Peak, which had a steep ladder climbing rock. Fran was dubious about this ascent, but realized that the ladder wasn’t so bad and went for it. That was a good decision because we were then able to do a loop and the trails got almost empty at this point. After skirting the top of a cliff with a steep dropoff on both sides, we had a pleasant walk to South Peak and West Peak. There was even a small amount of dirt trail! The summit of South Peak was the highest point on Hua Shan, so of course we asked another hiker to take a photo of our guides and us. The views from the tops of each peak were beautiful. Hua Shan and the surrounding mountains are very rugged and remind us somewhat of hiking in the southwestern United States or the Sierras.
We took a route that eventually brought us to the main line returning down from Middle to North Peak. We were happy to have ascended each of the five peaks (petals) of Flower Mountain.
By cable car (the longest in Asia), it was just 7 minutes down to the park entrance. We caught a shuttle bus into town, then transferred to a bus for Xian.
Our guides told us that we had walked up and down a total of 4000 stairs! We were glad that we did not have this information when we started. For three days after returning home, our sore leg muscles instructed us to take the elevator to our fifth floor apartment rather than climbing the stairs.
第五篇：陕西省导游口试考试景点讲解：秦兵马俑英文导游词
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.
In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.
After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”
Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.
No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.
No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.
The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.
No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988. The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning, Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi’an.First, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor, Yingzheng. He came to the throne at the age of 13 and seized the power at the age of 22 . By 221BC, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China. After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage, weights and measures, the legal codes, the written scripts and so on. He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall. All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China. But the First Qin Emperor was very ambitious. As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him. It took 37 years to complete this great project. Actually, the site of those terracotta warriors and horses we now see is just a small part of his mausoleum. Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of this miraculous work. In March 1974,when several farmers were sinking a well about 1.5km east of the First Qin Emperor’s Maosolem, they came upon many fragments of the terracotta figures.The results of archaeological excavation showed that is two more pits were discovered respectively.They were then named pit1，pit2, and pit3 by the order of discovery.The new discovery stirred up a sensation all over the world.In order to provide the historical artifacts with adequate protection, a musem was set up on the site of Pit 1 in 1975 upon the approval of the state council. Pit 1,covers an area of 16,300 square meters, is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. The terra cotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation. In the front of this formation, there are 210warriors in 3 lines facing forward. Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the so-called vanguard. Meanwhile, there is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward---they are the flanks and the rear guard. Holding long-distance shooting weapons, they took up the job of defending the whole army.Then, this way please. We may find ten partition walls which divided this pit into 11 corridors. The warriors standing inside them with horse-drawn chariots represent the principal military force of this battle formation. According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen.
Ok, Here now we arrived at Pit 2. we can see that Pit 2 is still under cover, that’s because we want to preserve them. Pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays, they are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers .And pit 2 also include many chariots and horses. They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response. As you see, those worriors, their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands and heads, all with different faces, were all made separately and joined together. we may find they are all vivid and true to life.And also as we can see, here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pits. The most attractive one is a bronze sword. Although it was buried over thousands of years, it is still very sharp. It can cat through 20 pieces of paper put together. Now we come to pit 3. Pit 3 covers an area of about 520 square meters. There are only 68 warriors and 4 clay horses. The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “SHU” had been discovered. This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor. We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side. This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army. Then we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses. In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found. They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration; they were rebuilt and open to the public. The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”. They were the eariliest and most exquisitely and intricately made bronze valuables,and also the largest bronze wares discovered in the history of world archaeology.It provides extremlyvaluable material and data for the research of the metallurgical technique and technological modeling og the Qin Dynasty. So now we will finish our journey in the museum today, I believe that you must be very astonished at this world wonder.So it’s your time,you can work around and take some pictures. thank you for listening.