图表型作文范文第1篇
英语作文也是考生最后冲刺复习的重点之一。很多人以为只要背个模板就够了，但是要真正地拿到高分，除了熟悉基本的模板之外，还需要了解一下各类型作文题型的写作技巧。下面是为大家整理的2017考研英语大作文写作攻略及分析——图表作文，大家可以参考进行复习。
1.写作攻略
图表作文是考研英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型。这类作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲，形式多样，但实际上只涉及 5个方面：描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议，而每次考试只是从这 5 个方面的内容中选出 3 个结合在一起。从写作类型来看，基本上属于说明文。要求考生围绕题目将有关信息转化为文字形式，考生应该具有一定数据分析和材料归纳的能力，同时会运用一定的写作方法。考研试题一般以三段式写作方法来组织文章，第一段总结归纳信息反映的整体情况，点出主题思想，第二段回答第一段所得出的问题，对数字、数据等做出有条理的分析比较，第三段做出总结或给以简单的评论。表格和图表题型写作要点：
(1)考生应仔细研究题目以及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。
(2)考生应该仔细研究图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。
(3)图表作文一般采用的时态为一般现在时，但如果图表中给出了具体时间参照，考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。
(4)图表作文有一些固定句型和表达法，考生应对此融会贯通。
(5)图表作文可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。除了上述共同要点，考生还应了解这四种图在写作方面的不同特点。
—— 表格可以表示多种事物的相互关系，所以考生要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。
—— 曲线图常表示事物的变化趋势，考生应认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。
—— 柱形图用来表示各种事物的变化情况及相互关系，要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。
—— 饼形图表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系，旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的饼形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。
(6)列出各段主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开做好铺垫。
(7)围绕主题句完成段落的展开。尽量做到主题明确、条理清楚、文字简练。
(8)检查与修改。对图表作文的检查与修改应着重看文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致，资料是否恰当。
2.必背模版句型
As can be seen from/in the chart/diagram/table/graph...
从表格/图形中我们可以看到……
The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.
表格显示比去年上升了 3倍。
According to /As is shown in the Table /Figure/Chart...
如表格/图表中显示……
The number is 5 times as much as that of...
此数字是……的 5 倍。
It has increased by three times as compared with that of ...
同……相比，增长了 3 倍。
It can be seen from the chart/diagram/table/graph/figures/statistics that...
从表格/图表/数据中我们可以看到……
From the table/figures/data/results/information above, it can/may be
seen/concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferred that...
从以上的表格/图表/数据/结果/信息中，我们可以看到/总结/预测/计算/得出……
A has the highest sales figure in the three departments, followed by B and C.
在 3 个部门中，A 的销售额最高，其次是 B 和C。
The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.
A 的数字是B 的两倍。
The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in August.
上升两个星期后，8 月份开始平稳。
It accounts for 30% of the total population.
占到总人口的 30%。
The number of students has reached 500, indicating a rise of 20%, compared to last semester.
学生人数达到 500 人，与上个学期相比上升了 20%。
It picked up speed at the end of this month.
这个月底加快了速度。
The pie charts show the changes on... in some place in 2000.
此饼形图显示了 2000 年一些地方……的变化。
from this year on，there was a gradual declined reduction in the..., reaching a figure of...
从这年起，……逐渐下降至……
There are a lot of similarities/differences between...and...
……与……之间有许多相似(不同)之处
It can be drawn from the chart that the proportions of A and B are going down, though the falling level of the latter is a lot lower/higher than that of the former.
尽管 B 的下降速度比A 要慢/快，从表中我们可以看到 A和 B 的比例都在下降。
The increase/decrease is more noticeable during the second half of the 5 year period.
在 5 年期限的后半段，增长/降低比较明显。
It falls from 50% in 2000 to 30% in 2004, and then the trend reverse, finishing at 58% in 2005.
从 2000 年的 50%降到2004 年的 30%，然后形势逆转，2005 年达到了58%。
The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of... 如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
图表型作文范文第2篇
这类作文时，注意以下几点：
第一， 审题时，除了要把握好图表的表层信息外， 还要分析图标的深层含义，如原因、根源、可能的发展趋势等。图表中所提供的说明文字往往是问题的切入点，一定要仔细分析。
第二， 描述数据时要抓住重点，为中心服务，不必面面俱到，切忌毫无目的地罗列图表中的数据。如果数据较多，抓住图表中的极端点(如最大或最小、最多或最少，最好或最差)和基本相同进行描述。
第三， 主题句应明确，最好放在文章的开头，这样会使重点突出，主题明了。
常见模板
第一段：总体描述图表，指明时间段，指出突出变化或不同 常用句型或短语：
As is clearly shown in the char/ table/graph, ___________ According to the figures given in the table/chart/graph, ____________ It can be seen from the table/chart/graph, _____________________. The figures in the table/chart reflect that ________________. especially, ________________(指出突出变化) 第二段：(分析原因)
There are several factors leading to this change / difference …….. There are several reasons for _____________.(引出原因) To begin with, _______(原因一) In addition, ______________(原因二0 For example, _________(举例说明) Last but not the least, __________(原因三)
To sum up——————————————(简要总结) 第三段：自己的观点 As for me, ____________ On the one hand, ________ on the other, ____ In brief，_____________________.
数据变化常用句型 表示逐句增长
The number of …. has grown steadily from … to…..in 2009.
has risen from ….
shows a tendency to increase
climbed
went sharply up
soared
tends to go up b/ increase
There was a rapid / sharp / dramatic / gradual / slow increase / rise in the number of …. who….. The number of …. is on the rise / increase.
The increase of …. has reached to ….
表示数据降低
The number of … dropped steadily from … to …in 2008.
declined suddenly
fell
tends to go down
tendency to fall
shows a tendency to decrease
There was a sharp fall …. in the number of … in 2008.
gradual decrease
sudden reduction
slow decline
drop 141210864201990199520022002Hours
例文：
Students Use of Computers 提纲： 1. 上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间： 1990年(2 hours), 1995年 (4 hours), 2002年 (14 hours)，请描述其变化;
2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);
3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
参考范文(1)
Student Use of Computers As is clearly shown in the chart, the number of hours students spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number rose to about 14 hour per week in 2002.
There are three factors leading to the change. To begin with, the price of computers is getting much lower than before so that many students can afford it. In addition, it is very convenient for us to study with the help of computers. For example, e-mails enable us to keep in touch with our teachers and friends. Last but not least, with fast development of the modern society, a computer has become a must for many people. To sum up, low price, convenience and wide use contribute to the increase in the use of computers. As for me, student use of computers is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it is a good helper in searching for information, drawing pictures, etc. One the other hand, various computer games might distract students from their studies. In brief, computers can serve us well if they are used in the right way.
参考范文(2)
Student Use of Computers As is clearly shown in the chart, the average number of hours a student spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number reached approximately 14 hour per week in 2002. Why are there such great changes during these days? There are three factors leading to this phenomenon. Firstly, because of the sharp decline in the price of computers, most college students can afford one. Secondly, the Internet provides access to various kinds of information students are interested in. Finally, playing computer games or surfing online is relaxing. To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot. As for me, computers do bring convenience to students; however, it is no good fro students to spend too much time chatting online or playing computer games. In brief, in spite of the problems concerning the use of computers, we can’t deny that computers are of more merits than defects.
参考范文(3)
Student Use of Computers Using computers has become a common part of people’s life. And the tremendous growth of student use of computers has always aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is the number of hours students spend on computers. In 2002, they spend as many as 14 hours per week on computers. The reasons why computers as widely used are varied. Among them, the decreasing price of PC plays an important part. What’s more, the Internet provides college students an amazing world to explore. For example, they can get the latest news and make friends conveniently around the world. Whey talking about the disadvantages and problems existing in student use of computers, I think that their lack of skills and discipline is what should be paid attention to. On the one hand, the lack of skills fails students to make good use of the computer and the Internet. On the other hand, their lack of necessary discipline makes some students indulge in computer games and the net world, forgetting their major tasks as college students. In brief, there is still a lot to do to help students make good use of computers.
参考范文(4)
Student Use of Computers Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours students spend on computers per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than two hours; in 1995, it increased to almost four hours; and in 2005, the number soared to 14 hours per week. There are several reasons for this phenomenon. First, computers provide facilities for us in many aspects of life. In addition, the fast development of the Internet contributes to our increasing demand for computers. We can easily contact friends in faraway places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables us to purchase them. However, there are still some problems. For example, computers may crash from time to time because of viruses transmitted through the Internet. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem. Anyway, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly. Financial Sources of College Students1. 描述中美大学生经济资助状况2. 分析这种状况的成因3. 预测中国大学生经济资助的可能变化examineesfinancial sourcesparents45%Part-time jobs40%scholarship15%American StudentsChinese Students90%5%5% Sample 1
Financial Sources of College Students From the table, we can see clearly that Chinese college students and their American peers rely on different financial sources for their life and study. About 90% of Chinese students get money from their parents. In contrast, only 45% of American students resort to this way. About 40% of American students depend on part-time jobs for income, but only 5% of Chinese students do so. Scholarship is the financial source for 15% of American students, whereas only for 5% of Chinese students.
There are several reasons leading to this difference. On the one hand, independence is greatly honored in American society, and students would be proud to depend on themselves. Besides, they have a more flexible schedule so they can have more time to do part-time jobs. On the other hand, some Chinese students take their parents’ financial support for granted. Similarly, parents believe it’s their duty to finance their children’s education. I think with the reform in college education, this tendency in China may be changed. The widespread adoption of credit-system will give Chinese students more time and flexibility to pursue part-time jobs and get more independence from their parents. Also, with the passage of time, both the students’ and the parents’ ideas will change greatly. Thus, more and more Chinese college students are sure to rely on themselves rather than on their parents for finance. Sample 2
图表型作文范文第3篇
From..to..The proportion of married people decreased by 11% to about 59%. 趋势名词+ofThe minutes of local fixed line calls reached the peak at around 90 billion. With(带一个或几个静止的数值)
- In 1979, beef was the most popular of these food, with about 225 grams per person per week. Both nuclear power and oil went up during the period, although the rise of oil was not as dramatic as that of nuclear power (from 15, 20 to 126, 25 respectively).
3.
从句 与括号类似，都起到解释的作用。 括号→从句：在括号内容前加which+ v.People in Turkey spent on food with the largest percentage, which was 32.14%.Both nuclear power and oil went up during the period, although the rise of oil was not as dramatic as that of nuclear power, which increased from 15, 20 to 126, 25 respectively.
4. 直接 (数字+趋势名词)
图表型作文范文第4篇
描写图表不是要考生把图表中的数据全部写出来。由于数据只起说明问题的材料作用，因此要对其有所挑选。一个不漏地描述数据，不仅会让读者感到你的表达冗长、枯燥，而且会感觉你的表述不得要领，偏离重点。因此，只要把最能说明问题的数据描述出来就可以了。要做到对数据的描写有针对性，就必须用一句话把图表中所反映的问题或现象或趋势归纳出来，尽量放在文章开头表达清楚，这样做有一针见血之功能，也便于下面引用数据来阐述。
1. According to (As can be seen from / As shown in / It is clear / apparent from) the chart
(graph / table / diagram / figure / statistics), ……
2. The chart (graph / table / diagram) reveals (shows / suggests) that ……
3. From the statistics (information) given in the table (graph / chart), we can estimate
(see / conclude) that ……
4. The number (percentage / figure) of …… nearly (almost) doubled, as compared with
that of last year.
5. The figure (number / percentage) increased (dropped / decreased) more than (almost
/ about) six times (twice) compared with…
6. The percentage (number) is twice (4 times / half) as much as that (those) of 1990.
7. The rate (number) was X percent, less (more) than a half (third / quarter) of the 1998
total.
8. By comparison with 1990, it shot up (jumped / increased / rose / decreased / dropped /
fell) by X percent (from X to Y percent / to X percent).
9. By 1998, less than (more than / almost / about / over / as many as / nearly)
three-quarters of (X percent of / one out of five / one in four / one half of) housewives (graduates / young couples / the number of students).
10. A has almost (nearly / about / over) a quarter / half / twice / one third) as many
students as (as much money as) B.
11. During the period 1970—1999 (From 1910 to 1974 / Since 1980 / Since the early
图表型作文范文第5篇
2001 Directions: Write a composition according to the information given in the following outline in Chinese. Your composition should be about 120 words. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Answer Sheet.
网络经济的新启示(new revelations)
1网络经济被誉为新经济的代表。
2网络经济与传统经济的区别。
3在新经济来临之际，我们需要做哪些准备。
2002 Directions: In this diction, you are asked to write a composition entitled Is Failure a Bad Thing or a Good Thing? Your composition should be based on the Answer Sheet 2. Outline: 1. Failure is what often happens. 2. Different attitudes towards failure. 3. Your attitude.
2003 Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Outline:
1. 有人认为财富比健康重要。
2. 有人认为健康比财富重要。
3. 你的看法。
2004 Directions:
In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Which Is More Important, Family or Career? Your composition should be about 120 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.
2005 Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
“五一”、“十一”长假已逐步为人们所习惯，她给百姓带来了充足的娱乐休闲机会，更促进了旅游经济的发展。但是，“黄金周”也带来了诸如交通压力增大、环保等诸多问题。作为一名普通百姓，请你给政府有关部门写一封信，提出你关于“黄金周”的意见和建议。
2006 Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 1998-2004年全国工程硕士 (Master of Engineering) 录取人数
2007 Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
2008 Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。如今，手持本科、硕士文凭，回头重新考大学的大有人在。据报道，今年报名全国成人高考的上海考生中，有390名本科毕业生，15名硕士生。
写一篇约150字左右的作文进行评论和表达自己的意见。
2009 Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.
At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives. We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatly enriched. But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another. As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us from our lives.
2010 Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) Interpret the chart and
图表型作文范文第6篇
资讯图表的设计隶属于视觉传达的设计范畴, 点线面的构成方式, 颜色的搭配与组合等都对资讯图表的功能展现产生作用。对资讯图表的定义众说纷纭, 在《图表设计》叶苹书中提到, “图”指图画、图像, 包括绘画、照片、标志、文字等、“表”是指将事物和内容分类排列, 并按类别和顺序记录复杂事件的文字表格。两者在有序的结合下, 便成为表达信息的图表。保罗.M.莱斯特的《视觉传播-形象载动信息》一书中写到:“资讯图表把视觉审美艺术价值和定量、准确的数据结合在一起, 形成易于理解又有戏剧化的格式。”综合以上本研究认为, 图表是可视化的一种手段, 使信息对象直观、形象化, 通过图示表格来呈现某种概念或是现象。图与表两种相互结合又相互制约, 二者基于资讯基础上共同产生的视觉结果为资讯图表。
一、资讯图表之种类
现今信息图表在主流媒体 (报纸、平面刊物、网页等) 上的表现种类繁多, 在分类上面也有各种不同的分法, 本研究主要从视觉表现层级上进行阐述。依表现形式区分的资讯图表种类:比较图、视觉化履历、照片表现、向量表现。
二、资讯图表的构成元素
不同的资讯图表都具有其独特的构成要素但又包含基本构成元素, 基本主要分为内容要素和视觉要素两个方面。资讯图表的内容要素主要包括:图形、图表、文字、色彩方面。
图形:以再现实物或实物的主要特征为目的, 识别性强, 含义明确, 包括图案、照片、图标 (符号) 等。可以偏向写实、装饰或是抽象、象征等。
图表:主要把繁杂的信息或数据进行梳理与规划, 提炼成简单明确生动的方式, 可大体分为基于数据类型的图表设计和基于场景表达的图表设计。具体如下:坐标类 (具备横轴纵轴和变量) 、条块类 (包括柱状条状图) 、称饼图 (对圆形进行分割, 一般用颜色进行区分) 、环形图 (环形的大小面积标示数据的差异) 、折线图 (线条连接数据节点用以标示数据的起伏态势) 、图示类 (用具体图像作为载体, 表示信息的多少) [1]。
文字:图形的设计来源于文字数据, 有时文字甚至扮演着辅助元素的角色成为一种视觉图形形态。文字的设计要注意字体、字号、字间距、行间距、字体颜色等, 这些因素关系到信息的传达程度。标题性文字是视觉重点, 要加强突出, 叙述性文字须精确简短、概括易懂, 而数据注释类文字要全面充分[2]。
色彩:虽然不像文字可读, 通常主要辅助文字和图形。但色彩可对元素进行区别与分类, 可突出视觉重点也可标示同类, 帮助观者理清逻辑。色彩可以分为单一色彩和色彩叠加组合, 色彩可以增加画面的情感偏好以及视觉顺序引导, 例如世界各大城市中的地铁线路中, 采用不同的色彩进行识别, 这种方法已经被普遍使用[3]。
一张好的信息图表, 视觉直观的第一印象产生的吸引力会影响到观者继续深入阅读的意愿, 同时美观又建立于简洁突出重点的视觉原则上, 才能使观者产生聚焦。图表中的文字一般让位于主展示图形, 起辅助作用并达到一张信息图表有主有次的效用。而对图表的选择没有固定的制式, 不是从形找形, 而是基于对信息展示是否合适合理的衡量, 来选择最适当的展现方式。当颜色用来作为区分区域组块的方式时要用对比强的颜色, 鲜明突出, 当色彩用来作为展示的一部分, 就要相应的弱化颜色之间的对比, 给主角让位。信息图表设计中始终要区别于艺术创作的以情感和感觉为本源, 而是数据与需要的信息。且美的追求是不能以牺牲事实为前提, 我们虽不能完全被这些规则所限制但也要用其不断的检视自己的作品, 规避基础问题错误的产生。
三、资讯图表设计制作步骤
资讯图表提供给我们一个可以运用简单的方式来解释繁复的资讯形式, 钻研资讯图表近十年的纽约设计工作室Hyperakt的图像设计师Josh Smith, 将资讯图表的製作, 简化为十个步骤:1.收集资料2.资讯全盘阅读3.找到叙事/故事4.辨识潜藏的问题5.创造层次结构6.绘製示意图 (Wireframe) 7.选择资料呈现的图表类型8.决定主视觉9.细緻化与测试10.实际上线。
随着碎片化信息与快节奏生活, 视觉图表的发展正随着需求的增加而增加, 这已成为一种主流展现趋势。以上为本人对视觉图表设计的相关浅析, 望可以为需要之人添砖加瓦。
摘要：在当今大数据的时代, 人们对各类信息的需求不断增加, 清晰直观的展现方式可减少沟通的成本。资讯图表通过对概念的提炼、梳理与精简文案、整合数字信息, 使理性与感性, 图像与信息得到融合。
关键词：资讯图表,设计
参考文献
[1] 高胜难;当代设计语言的综合性表达[J];安徽文学 (下半月) ;2008年04期.
[2] 宋剑锋;胡晨燕;传统元素在旅游纪念品设计中新的运用[J];安徽文学 (下半月) ;2010年02期.