大学科技英语翻译

大学科技英语翻译（精选6篇）

大学科技英语翻译 第1篇

1.sedimentary rocks沉积岩 2.petroleum reserves石油储备

3.internal combustion engines内燃机4.the boiling point 沸点

5.fatty substance脂肪物质 6.in minor quantities少量

7.petroleum fractions石油馏分8.inflammable vapors易燃蒸汽

9.geologic formations地质结构10.in the territory of在……领土

11.chemical change 化学变化12.petroleum seepage 油苗

13.petroleum stores 油藏14.petroleum reserves 石油储量

15.medieval times 中世纪16.Industrial Revolution 工业革命

17.fossil fuel 矿物燃料 1.employment market 就业市场2.video conferencing technology视频会议技术

3.job interview 求职面试4.nine out of ten十有八九

5.aptitude test能力测试6.recruitment method招聘方法

7.face-to-face encounter面对面接触8.personality questionnaires个性问卷调查

9.psychological test 心理测试10.customer complains 顾客投诉

11.come third from botton 倒数第三12 curriculum vitae 简历 1.multiple users 多用户2.virtual assistant虚拟助手

3.human-machine interface 人机界面4.speech synthesizer语音合成器

5.real time实时6.information retrieval信息检索

7.air flight schedule飞机飞行时刻表8.weather forecast天气预报

9.speech recognition 语音识别10.stock quotes股市行情；股票报价

11.Mandarin Chinese普通话，官话12.data dumping 数据转储 1.genetic engineering基因工程2.organic solvents有机溶剂

3.raw material原材料4.sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫

5.landfill deposit垃圾填埋6.garage sale旧物销售

7.information age信息时代8.lead compound铅化合物

9.municipal solid waste 固体生活垃圾10.eco-industrial park生态工业园 1.quantum mechanics量子力学2.general theory of relativity 广义相对论

3.physical laws 自然法则4.square of the distance 距离的平方

5.in principle原则上，基本上 6.in isolation孤立地

7.in one go一口气，一下子，一举 8.Newton’s theory of gravity牛顿的引力理论

9.partial theories 局部理论10.gravitational force 引力

11.the initial state of the universe宇宙初始状态 12.the theory of relativity 相对论

13.be（intersely）proportional to 与...成反比 1.quick fixes权宜之计2.go by the book 照章办事

3.close to the vest谨慎小心4.corporate culture企业文化

5.Old Boy network老同学人脉网6.to the point切题的（地），切中的（地）

7.social status社会地位8.sense of humor幽默感

9.put on an impressive appearance装腔作势10.pull rank on利用职权强迫命令；仗势欺人

11.be superior to 优于...12.lip service 口头上应付的话

13.sense of humor幽默感14.make sense 有道理，有意义

15.memo 备忘录

大学科技英语翻译 第2篇

英语翻译基础试卷

一、Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each.(30 points)

1.WTO

2.SARS

3.GPS

4.PBOC

5.ICJ

6.ISO

7.EU

8.FIFA

9.IPR

10.International Monetary Fund

11.most favored nations

12.Genetic mutation

13.Aids

14.European Free Trade Association

15.International Atomic Energy Agency

16.优惠关税

17.红白喜事

18.安居工程

19.保税区

20.不正之风

21.春运

22.第三产业

23.闭路电视

24.不良贷款

25.非处方

26.世界卫生组织

27.中国质量认证中心

28.运费价/到岸价

29.国际音标

30.全国人民代表大会

二、Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively.If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese.If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English.(120 points)

Source Text 1:

A Water Bridge

Across Panama runs a world-famous “water bridge”, and that is the Panama Canal.Last summer vacation I went with my parents on a sightseeing tour along it, which is still fresh in my memory.Having got to Panama City by air, we boarded a pleasure boat in the port of Balboa and sailed into the canal.The boat traveled 13 km and reached the first group of water locks.The Panama Canal is thus a “water bridge” that allows ships to cross land by the opening and closing of water locks.We began “getting onto the bridge”.When the boat had sailed into the lock chamber, the steel gate, 2 meters thick, 20 meters high and wide and hundreds of tons in weight, slowly closed, and water began running into the chamber, which continued for a few minutes.The boat rose with the water and advanced slowly, pulled along by power cars along both banks.Two lifts like that raised the boat 16 meters.It sailed out of the lock across a small lake and came to the second group of locks, which raised the boat another 9.5 meters.In this way, the boat, now 26 meters above sea level, had got onto the “top of the bridge”.It sailed along the main channel, which stretched 13 km between beautiful hills as steep as if cut apart with a sword and covered with green trees and colorful flowers.The boat sailed out of the gorge and into the wide Gatún Lake, with white clouds and distant hills reflected in it and pretty isles passing into and out of sight.After a leisurely journey of 38 km on the lake, the boat came to the Gatún Locks, and there began its “descent down the bridge”.The Gatún Locks, three in number, looked like so many gigantic steps.After getting through the locks, the boat had descended to the same level as the surface of the Atlantic Ocean.The beautiful Caribbean Sea came into view as it sailed into the Limón Bay.We had come from the Pacific to the Atlantic, two great oceans separated by land but linked by the Panama Canal.The canal is 81.8 km in length and 150 to 304 m in width.Ships of 50,000 tons can pass it unimpeded all around the clock.It is truly worthy of the name of “the Bridge of the World”.Full of hearty praises am I for man’s wisdom and courage in transforming nature!I admire you, the people of Panama!

The guide told us that the Panamanian people had high aspirations.On the one hand, they were working to improve the existent canal, and on the other hand, they were planning for an even longer one, which, it was estimated, would take 10 years to complete, and which would be the greatest project in man’s history.We look forward to its early completion.Source Text 2:

信用卡

信用卡可以使持卡人以赊账的方式购买商品，享受服务。信用卡由零售商店、银行、信用卡公司发放给已获批准的用户。银行或信用卡公司给客户付账，按月给客户开列其消费清单，并收取欠款利息。这些金融机构的利润来源于所收取的高额利息、持卡人认购费以及允许使用信用卡消费单位缴纳的代理费。

信用卡的流行始于加利福尼亚州，20世纪60年代后期普及到整个美国和西欧大部分地区。虽然，信用卡消费渐趋受到金融领域更多的欢迎，但许多人仍心存疑虑，把信用卡看成是“先享受，后付款”生活方式的主要表现。信用卡同分期付款、租赁等赊购方式一样，鼓励多消费。当然，只有鲁莽的傻瓜才会经不住诱惑，只顾眼前而入不敷出。其实，即使没有信用卡，这种人也无疑会这样生活。

然而，大量的广告宣传促使越来越多的人认识到这种塑料小卡的好处。信用卡免去了携带大量现金的麻烦，而且信用卡总是可以解燃眉之急。

所有信用卡机构都要收取利息，按月计算，年息可高达百分之二十五，但只要你明智地使用信用卡消费，你便可以享受到长达七星期的无息赊欠。在国外使用信用卡，由于欠款常常需要很长时间才入帐，无息赊欠期还会更长。

在选定某家信用卡之前，最好货比三家。有必要考虑信用卡的赊款限额、利率——可能略有不同、接收单位（网点）的多少及适用范围——不过大多数信用卡在大的加油站、旅馆、饭店和百货商店均可使用，当然，还要考虑如果信用卡遗失或失窃，情况会如何。信用卡窃贼可能会发一笔横财——尤其是失主没有及时报失时，损失尤甚。

大学科技英语翻译 第3篇

在英语“听、说、读、写、译”五项基本技能中, “听、读”属于语言的输入 (input) , “说、写、译”属于语言的输出 (output) 。“译”虽然被排在末尾, 且常常被忽视, 但它却是在其他四项基本技能基础之上英语能力的综合运用和升华, 并且是除了英语综合能力考试之外唯一单独有全国统一资格考试的。从全国来看, 20世纪20年代以后到1949年以前, 大学里的公共英语课把提高学生的阅读和翻译能力作为主要任务, 以语法翻译法为主要的外语教学法, 翻译只是用作外语学习的一种主要方法和检查学生外语理解程度的手段, 很少有专门的、正规的翻译教学 (穆雷, 1999:9-10) 。人们并没有把翻译当成一门学科, 而更多的是当成一门“艺术”。不掌握翻译方法和技巧, 只是作为辅助练习, 不能解决问题, 最好能开专门的翻译课, 因为学生的听、说、读、写最后都归结到“译”的能力上来。

作为沟通的一种手段, 翻译作为显得越来越重要。通过对翻译不断的探讨和研究, 翻译工作者将对翻译有更深入的了解。翻译是使用不同语言的人们之间进行沟通的桥梁, 是利用一种语言对另一种语言的内容进行准确而又完整的表达。

我们来看目前国内高等教学中翻译专业的学科设置。从定性方面来看, “翻译理论与实践”专业是国内培养硕士或博士研究生的专业名称, 列在文学门类的外国语言文学之下, 与“英语语言文学”和“语言学与应用语言学”等专业并列。到目前为止, 以“翻译理论与实践”为硕士点的正式名称也被合并到外国语言文学的应用语言学里去, 翻译专业硕士和博士研究生都是在语言文学专业下的翻译方向上培养的, 这种状况与中国的经济建设和文化发展是极不协调的。

在实际教学中, 我们经常可以发现以下奇怪的现象:学生明明已经弄懂单词、词组和整句的意思, 可一旦翻译成另外一种语言, 就前言不搭后语, 甚至不知从何下手。不少非英语专业学生坦言, 大学时花在英语上的时间和精力不可谓不多, 可翻译文章时, 还是经常遇到“只可意会, 不可言传”的尴尬。究其原因, 不外乎如下几点。

(一) 缺乏扎实的英语功底, 未能透彻理解原文。翻译要求译者对源语“透彻地理解”, 再用译语“准确地表达”。正确理解是翻译表达的基础。译语要恰如其分“达意传神”最起码的前提是理解原文。要做到这一点, 译者需要有较扎实的英语功底。如果译者没有掌握英语词法、句法、习惯表达和相当的词汇量, 那么翻译一定是困难重重。在翻译选修课中, 学生由于英语功底欠佳, 未能透彻理解原文而造成的误译、错译问题较为普遍。

例 (1) The lawyer will take the cases of the poor for nothing.

误译:这位律师无缘无故地受理穷人的案件。

改译:这位律师免费为穷人打官司。

律师的职能不是受理案件, 原译有误解。另外, “for nothing”有两个意思, 一是“无缘无故”, 二是“免费”, 译文应取第二义。

例 (2) He is the last person to tell a lie.

误译:他是最后一个说谎的人。

改译:他最不可能说谎。

last除了有“最后的”意思外, 还有“极少可能的”、“最不愿干的”等意思。在本句里last的意思应为后者。

(二) 缺乏基本的翻译技能, 硬译、死译现象严重。所谓硬译或死译指的是, 学生在做翻译练习时, 虽然能够看懂原文, 但由于缺乏基本的翻译技能, 译文过于拘泥于原义形式, 一味追求形式的对等, 置翻译效果于不顾, 因而晦涩难懂, 甚至不知所云。比如:

Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact that had already been suspected there is a"high temperature belt"in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground.

学生的译文:用火箭进行研究证实了人们早就有过怀疑的大气层的一个中心在距离地面约三十英里的高空的“高温带”的这种奇怪的事实。

改译:人们早就怀疑, 大气层中有一个“高温带”, 其中心在距离地面约三十英里的高空。利用火箭进行研究后, 这一奇异的事实已得到证实。

英语常用定语从句, 而且定语从句有时很长, 但汉语没有定语从句, 也不习惯用长定语, 如把英语长定语也机械地译成汉语长定语放在中心语的前面, 既不符合汉语习惯, 读起来也会感到非常别扭。所以, 较长的英语定语从句往往须用拆分法来翻译。再比如:I have something important that I want to tel the manager himself.我有件重要的事情, 要告诉经理本人。 (原译:我有件要告诉经理本人的重要的事情。)

二、开设大学英语翻译选修课的必要性

翻译是一种技能, 又是一门科学, 不是英语学到一定水平就可以自然掌握的。在大学英语界始终存在一种观点, 认为只要通过阅读分析, 理解能力提高了, 英译汉自然就解决了;只要通过阅读, 有了足够的语法知识和词汇量, 汉译英表达就不成问题。一句话, 只要抓住阅读, 输入足够的语言知识, 翻译自然不难。但学生翻译中反映的问题和教学实践证明情况并非如此。所以, 开设大学英语翻译选修课是十分必要的。

(一) 开设翻译选修课是对大学公共英语教学有益的补充和延伸。

由于受教学大纲、教学内容及教学目的的限制, 大学公共英语教师除了完成正常的教学外, 其主要任务之一是帮助学生通过四、六级考试。所以教师和学生一起成了应试机器, 教师的教学内容自然而然也就围绕着应试重点讲解词汇, 重点练习听力, 大量进行阅读理解的训练, 而课文中的翻译练习要么忽略不做, 要么留给学生做课后练习, 与翻译有关的翻译知识、技巧及方法就会受到冷落。开设翻译理论与实践, 如英语翻译技巧、文化与翻译、英汉语言对比等选修课程, 不但会引起学生对翻译的重视, 而且能弥补大学公共英语教学中在翻译方面的不足。

(二) 开设翻译选修课是大学生自身发展的需要。

随着“英语热”的一再升温和就业市场的日趋激烈, 不少大学生不再满足于英语学习停留在词汇的积累和语法的掌握及四、六级的考试过关上, 他们需要有更大的发展 (比如近年大学生考研人数激增就是明证) 和英语实际应用能力的提高。给公外大学生开设翻译这门应用能力选修课程有助于拓展学生的基础知识领域、培养学生的应用综合能力。通过翻译选修课, 学生可以提高翻译技巧, 了解文化与翻泽, 了解英汉语言对比。另外, 学生可以更好地了解一些常用词及惯用法, 尤其是多义词的理解, 提高对语言的洞察力和理解力, 以及灵活的表达力和创造力, 从而进一步促进英语学习, 为未来的发展奠定坚实的基础。

(三) 开设翻译选修课是时代发展的要求。

当前, 国际交流空前频繁, 交通和通信工具飞速发展, 地球已经变成一个村落 (global village) , “globalization” (全球化) 已变成一个频繁使用的新词。随着现代科学和经济的迅速发展, 各门学科之间相互渗透的趋势日益明显, 复合型人才的需求也在急剧增长。形势的变化、时代的发展, 社会对翻译交际能力的需求再也不是少数外语学院/系的毕业生能够满足了的, 它要求一大批有这种应用能力的人才, 翻译课不应只是专业外语的专利。所以, 开设大学英语翻译选修课程也是社会和时代发展的迫切要求。

三、科技翻译人才培养的必要性

随着中国外语教育事业的发展, 外语专业的课程设置, 已经从单纯的语言文学扩大到文化、经贸、外交、新闻、法律、宗教、经济、军事、医学、科技等领域, 不少外语院系根据各自不同的培养目标, 在保证学生语言技能达到一定要求的前提下, 开设了上述各领域的课程, 使学生在掌握一门外国语言的同时, 学会一门专业技木, 以适应人才市场对复合型外语人才的需求。

在翻译人才培养的机制方面, 我们可以现有的翻译工作者的队伍来分析:在全国翻译队伍中 (包括业余翻译) , 科技翻译工作者队伍庞大。科技翻译作为国家科技信息事业中的一个重要组成部分, 是传播全球科技信息、科技技术知识、科研成果的重要途径, 对科技发展起着桥梁和纽带的重要的作用。

四、科技翻译人才培养的机制

一个世纪以前, 马建忠就建议设立翻译书院专门培养翻译人才。我国国内可以借鉴一些发达国家 (地区) 的经验。参照香港的经验, 可以把翻译教学分成两大类, 一类以职业翻译教学为主, 如科技翻译等, 重点学习每个专业特有的语言和文体;另一类是通才翻译教学, 重点学习两种语言和两种文化的对比, 了解文学翻译和各类职业翻译的特点。经过科技职业翻译培训的学生, 可以更快、更好地适应实际工作需要, 成为合格的科技职业口笔译人员;经过通才翻译培训的学生, 则可以进一步深造, 或从事文学翻译, 或从事翻译教学, 或从事翻译研究。

我国的科技翻译工作, 参加的人员相当广泛, 但主要是由两种人来做的, 一种是外语院系的毕业生, 一种是理工科专业毕业生。这两类毕业生都需要经过较长时间才能逐步适应工作, 且不论从数量上还是从质量上, 都难以满足对外交流和引进科技成就的需要。根据调查, 科技翻译队伍存在着年龄层次不合理, 年纪偏老, 面临断层;结构不合理, 呈橄榄型, 初级人员缺乏;学科分布不合理, 工科占绝对优势;总体人数太少, 只能翻译科技文献中很少一部分等严重问题 (倪传斌, 1998年) 。

进入大学后, 外语专业的学生不用学习数理化和科技知识, 理工科专业的学生无须学习文史知识, 这些学生毕业后若从事科技翻译工作, 都需要补课, 学外语的学生补习理工科知识十分吃力, 理科学生补习外国语言和文化知识还比较顺利, 但也要一定的时间。因此, 这种补习是漫长而痛苦的, 要花费许多时间和精力才能适应工作需要。国外不少培养翻译人才的机构, 在大学一年级或二年级前都不分文理科, 从二年级或三年级的学生里经过考试选拔双语基础都好的学生进入翻译系学习。国内有些理工科大学的科技外语系, 从理科考生中经外语口笔试选拔学生, 或者干脆从学完两年基础课程的理工科学生中选拔双语基础均佳者送外语院系插班学习 (如西安电子科技大学和华东石油学院等) 。实践证明, 这样培养出来的学生接受能力强, 不仅语言基础能很快跟上外语院系的本科生, 而且比他们逻辑思维能力强, 科技知识丰富, 能够出色地承担起科技英语教师和科技翻译的工作。

因此, 要培养科技翻译或科技外语人才, (1) 应选择文理科基础和双语能力俱佳的学生, 最好是一二年级学习其他文理专业, 然后再进行选拔; (2) 要在三四年级加强科技知识的学习。

五、结语

我国90%以上的大学生都是非外语专业的学生。翻译需要多方面的知识, 而我国国内学翻译的绝大部分是外语专业的学生, 没有或者缺乏非外语方面的专业知识;即使是翻译专业的研究生, 因其毕业论文为理论性文章, 故其专业技能和实际翻译能力也会打折扣。把翻译教学纳入大学英语教学内容, 制定统一的教学大纲, 让非英语专业学生有机会学习翻译技巧, 无论是对于培养科技翻译人才, 对于翻译学科和经济社会的长足发展, 都是极其重要的举措。

摘要：当前, 我国的大学英语翻译选修课教学状况不容乐观。开设大学英语翻译选修课的必要性及科技翻译人才培养的重要性不容忽视, 对大学英语翻译选修课教学及科技翻译人才的培养应给予足够重视。

关键词：大学英语教学,英语翻译,科技翻译

参考文献

[1]穆雷.中国翻译教学研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1999:9-10, 175, 182-183.

[2]倪传斌等.论中国科技翻译新体系的建立.语言与翻译, 1998, (1) .

[3]刘传珠.翻译理论教学的几个认识问题[J].国外外语教学, 2004, (01) .

[4]Holmes James S.Translation theory, translation theories, translation studies, and the translator[A].J.S.Holmes.Translated!Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies[C].Ams-terdam:Rodopi, 1988:93-98.

[5]李奕.大学英语翻译教学浅议[J].阿坝师范高等专科学校学报, 2003, (01) .

[6]廖慈惠, 黄忠廉.中国科学翻译研究五十年[J].甘肃社会科学, 2006, (02) .

[7]Odlin, T.Language Transfer.Cambridge.NY:Cambridge University Press, 1989.

[8]RobinsonDouglasKugelmass.Translator——SomeThoughts onTranslationandItsTeaching[A].Bush, Peter;andKirstenMalmk-jaer (eds) .Rimbaud’s Rainbow[C].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998.

[9]李亚舒.中国科技翻译学的科学内涵——建立中国科技翻译学的对策 (上) .中国科技翻译, 1991, (3) .

大学科技英语翻译 第4篇

【关键词】科技英语；翻译能力；分析

1.分析方法

1.1问题分析

本次测试的问题为：理工科大学生对科技英语文体中常见的名词化结构句，被动结构句和长句的基本翻译能力掌握情况如何。

1.2测试对象

河南水利与环境职业学院理工类196名二年级大学生参加了此次测试。在测试前他们都通过大学英语四级考试，但没有受过关于科技英语翻译的专门训练。

1.3测试工具

本次分析中使用的测试工具为一份由15个测试题目组成的测试卷： 5个含名词化结构的句子， 5个被动结构句， 5个长句，试题标号依次为1-15。在综合分析科技英语语言特点的基础上，抽取以上三个方面的语言特点进行测试，主要考虑是以上三个方面比较典型地反映了科技英语的语言特点。15个测试题目及其参考译文大部分采自谢小苑编《科技英语翻译技巧与实践》。受试者翻译对一个含名词化结构的句子得1分，翻译对一个被动句得2分，翻译对一个长句得3分，总分30分。此次测试在老师的监督下课堂完成，前提是给出专业术语的对应汉语，确保受试学生没有生词。翻译结果评分由两位资深教师完成。

2.结果与讨论

2.1翻译标准

检验学生翻译能力，须得依据适当的翻译标准。古代佛经翻译巨匠玄奘提出“既须求真，又须喻俗”，即“忠实、通顺”，直至今日仍不乏指导意义。清末严复提出“信、达、雅”的翻译标准，引起随后百年多关于翻译标准的热烈讨论。这之后鲁迅的“信和顺”，傅雷的“神似”说，钱钟书的“化境”说，直至现在， 张培基的“忠实、通顺”，许渊冲的“信达优”，刘重德的“信、达、切”，都似乎是对严复翻译标准的修正和补充。关于科技英语翻译标准，曾海帆提出刘重德的“信、达、切”是衡量科技译文优劣的准绳与尺度。王卫平潘丽蓉提出科技文献翻译的两个基本标准为：①忠于原意，传达信息准确， ②文从字顺，译文风格贴近原文风格。谢小苑认为科技翻译较之文学翻译，在译文“优雅”或“美”的标准上，要求可以稍微降低一些，主要在于忠实而准确地传达信息。因此把科技翻译的标准概括为“忠于原文，表达顺畅，译文地道，逻辑清晰”。

为方便分析，把衡量其科技英语翻译作品优劣标准概括为“忠实传递原文意思，译文合乎汉语表达习惯”。

2.2名词化（nominalization） 结构的翻译

本部分测试题目及参考答案如下：

（1）He had a good knowledge of chemistry. 他精通化学。

（2）The oil tank has a capacity of ten gallons.这个油桶可装10加仑油。

（3）There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods. 洪水严重后果侵蚀土壤。

（4）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universes.火箭已經用来探索宇宙。

（5）A thorough understanding of algebra is essential to the comprehension of any of the fields of elementary mathematics.透彻地理解代数，对理解初等数学的每个内容是十分必要的。

依据本文提出的“忠实传递原文意思，译文合乎汉语表达习惯”翻译标准和得分求和再除以受试学生总人数和题目数的评分标准，本部分测试平均得分为.56分。学生译文呈现出答题按字面转换成中文的趋向。如第1句，75%的译文大体为“他具备（有）化学方面的良好知识”；第2句为“这个油桶有10加仑的容量”。

余光中指出“英文好用抽象名词，其结果是软化了动词， 也可以说是架空了动词”。英文好用抽象名词，其结果是像have， make， be这样的动词活跃常见。他们被 Jacques Barzun 和Lionel Trilling 等学者称为“弱动词（weak verb）”。

从测试题可以看出，句1和2 即使用了弱动词have，否则或许可以分别表述为He knew chemistry very well； The oil tank can hold ten gallons.句3和4也可分别表述为 The floods considerably eroded the land； Rockets have been applied to explore the universes.

连淑能也指出：“英语倾向于多用名词，因而叙述呈静态；汉语倾向于多用动词，因而叙述呈动态。”名词化是英语常见现象。表现在科技英语中即使用抽象名词表示动作、状态、手段、结果等。抽象名词在科技英语中的普遍使用是和“科学文献借助于抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化，追求表达的简练、凝重、客观和浓缩”的要求分不开的。例如，科技英语不说： If you use steam jackets， you can reduce condensation. 而说： A reduction in condensation is achieved by the use of steam jackets. 使用蒸汽夹套可减少冷凝作用。第二句用reduction 代替reduce， use也变成了名词， 而谓语动词使用中性词achieve。这样就使含有较多信息的复合句转化成为含有等量信息的简单句。

科技英语富于名词化结构和抽象名词，而比较准确且通顺的译文似乎更接近不用弱动词的表述，因此在翻译时必须进行抽象到具体的转换，名词到动词的转换。

应当指出的是，有些英文动词需要转译为汉语的名词，以适应汉语的表达习惯。例如：

Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods.

现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

The new liquid crystals feature wide working temperature range， low voltage operation and high reliability.

新型液晶的特点是：工作温度范围宽，工作电压低， 可靠性高。

2.3被动结构的翻译

本部分测试题目及参考答案如下：

（6）Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.有些元素和化合物可直接从海水提取。

（7）In 1968，the first heart transplant operation was done in South Africa.1968年南非成功地進行了第一例心脏移植手术。

（8）The causes of air crashes are extensively investigated.人们对空难原因进行广泛调查。

（9）When a leaf is looked at under a microscope， it is seen to have thousands of little breathing pores（气孔）.如果把一片树叶置于显微镜下观察，可以看到数千个微小的气孔。

（10）It is generally believed that oil originates in marine plant and animal life. 人们普遍认为，石油源自水生动植物。

本部分受试学生测试平均得分为1.6分。假定每题分值由2分降为1分，则平均得分为0.8分。先前假设的学生一遇到被动句就在译文中加入“被”字的情况没有出现，而能够换用其他如“可以，得以”等表示被动的词来进行翻译，或译成汉语无主语句，或加入适当的词充当主语。

例如句6，70%的译文大体为：“有些元素和化合（下转第339页）（上接第336页）物可以从海水中直接提取”或“可以从海水中直接提取某些元素和化合物”；对于句7，译文偏向于“1968年在南非进行了第一例心脏移植手术”。可见学生对被动结构句的翻译虽仍有按字面翻译的倾向，却大体达到“忠实传递原文意思，译文合乎汉语表达习惯”的翻译标准。

2.4长句的翻译

本部分测试题目及参考答案如下：

（11）It is also worth remembering how valuable for our spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us.

鱼虽然生活在水中， 却也需要氧。而天然水含有溶解的氧。因此，如果天热过久，水中的氧都逸散，鱼就会死去。

据统计，专业作者写的句子平均长度为20个词，受过教育的人写的句子平均长度为25个词。在科技英语中，为了说理严谨，逻辑紧密，描述准确，长句大量出现。所以长句翻译，在科技英语汉译中不可避免。

本部分受试学生测试平均得分为1.8分。假定每题分值由3分降为1分，则平均得分为0.6分。反映出的问题可以归纳为三个方面：

2.4.1结构理解

对长句的结构理解不准确。以句11为例，如果知道英语中说：Something is worth doing 而不是 it is worth doing something， 就能够判别出本句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是remembering 后的从句how valuable for our spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us。即便是这个主语从句，又存在倒装现象并含有一个修饰主语the benefits的定语从句that medical technology has brought us，另外还要清楚for our spirits as well as our bodies也是修饰说明主语the benefits的。只有透彻地理解到上述结构，才有可能做出准确地翻译，才不至于如50%以上受试者误译成“还值得记住的是，医疗技术带给许多好处，这对的身体和精神都很有价值”。

2.4.2表述顺序

英语的表达习惯是先说结果，后说原因，这源于英语表达好将重要信息前置。而汉语表达顺序恰好相反，总是先原因后结果。因此翻译时调整顺序当属必要。而测试结果显示：86%的学生并不清楚这种差异，所以翻译只是顺序转换。

3.结语

本文调查了理工科大学生就科技英语名词化结构句，被动结构句和长句三方面翻译能力状况， 可以发现无论是对名词化结构句翻译，被动结构句翻译， 还是对长句翻译，受试学生都倾向于词对词，句对句的直译。反映出理工科大学生对科技英语理解能力有限，对英汉语言的用词和表达差异和对必要的翻译技巧缺乏了解。这为培养理工科大学生科技英语翻译能力指明了努力的方向。 [科]

【参考文献】

[1]李冬燕.翻译教学在大学英语教学中的地位[J].江汉大学学报（人文科学版），2004（02）.

[2]俞碧芳.语言、文化及英语翻译教学[J].福建师大福清分校学报，2003（S1）.

青岛科技大学英语试卷1203 第5篇

类别 成教学院函授 拟题人

适用专业

（答案写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上无效）

Part I Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions.For each of them there are four suggested anseers marked ABCand D.Choose the best answer to each question.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: A few years ago it was common to speak of a generation gap between young people and their elders.Parents said that children did not respect and listen to them,while children said that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared?Actually ,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many people argue that it is built into every part of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own ways of life.In a more traditional society.when children grow up ,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and like,and often to continue the family jobs.In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education.move out of the family at an early age,marry or live with people whom their patents have never met ,and choose jobs different from those of their parents.In our society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did ,to find better jobs,to make more money and to do all the things they awere unable to do.Often ,that is another cause of the gap between them.Often ,they discover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally ,the speed at which changes take place in our society is the third cause of the gap between the generations.In a traditional culture,senior people are valued for their knowledge ,but in our society the knowledge of a life time may become out of date.The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities.No doubt ,the generation gap will continue in American life for some time to come.1.The first paragraph tells us that()A)the problem of the generation gap draws much attention from people B)it is out of date to talk about the generation gap

本卷共10页 第 1 页（另附答题纸2张）C)children and parents are trying to understand each other D)it is very important for people to frequently communicate with each other 2.In a more traditional society,old people()A)have their children respect and listen to them B)do not care of their children at all C)expect their children to rebel against them D)do not live together with their children 3.In American society young people()A)do not neet to find jobs B)marry people younger than them C)have better education than their parents D)leave home at an early age 4.Which of the following is NOT the cause of the generation gap? A)Young people like to depend more on themselves B)Parents do not love their children dearly C)American society changes rapidly D)Parents expect too much of their children 5.The main idea of the passage is()A)that the generation gap needs considering

B)when the generation gap is necessary in American society C)why the generation gap exists

D)how we can reduce the generation gap Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Telephone,television,radio,and the internet help people communicate with each other.Because of these devices,ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world.For example ,within seconds,people can know the results of an election(选举)in another country.An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of disaster(灾难),such as a flood,can bring help from distant countries.Within hours ,help is on the way.This is because modern technology information travels fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world?To many people,the world has become smaller.Of course ,this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller.It means that the world seems smaller.Two hundren years ago,communication between the continents took a long time.All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even monthsto cross the oceans.In the 17th and 18th centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach the Americas.This time difference influenced people’s actions.For example,a few battles in the war of 1812 between England and the United State could have been avoided.A peace agreement had already been signed.Peace was made in

本卷共10页 第 2 页（另附答题纸2张）England ,but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America.During these six weeks,the large and serious Battle of New Orleans(新奥尔良)was fought.Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died of news had come in time ,In the past ,communication took much more time than it does now.There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.6.News spreads fast because of()A)modern transportation B)new technology C)the changes of the world D)a peace agreement 7.Acoording to this passage,()is very important to people in a disaster area.A)fast communication B)modern technology C)the news D)new ideas 8.Which of the following statements is true based on the text? A)The world now seems smaller because of faster communication B)The world is actually smaller today C)The world is changing in size D)The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812 9.Two hundred years ago ,news between the continents was carried()A)by teleplone B)by land C)by air D)by sea 10.The New Orleans Battle was fought because()A）the peace agreement had not been signed by both sides B）the peace agreement had not been signed in time C）the peace agreement had not been signed in America D）the peace agreement had not been signed in England Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: Doreen Sykora is now a junior at MeGill Universiey.She had a difficult time when she first began college.She said,”I was always well prepared for my examinations.But I would go into class to take the exam,and I would fall apart.I could not answer the questions correctly---even though I knew the answers!I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto,an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.本卷共10页 第 3 页（另附答题纸2张）These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety.Because a student worries and is stressed about a test,his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does.The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.Now there are special university courses to help students.In these courses,advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety.Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it.First students take a practice test to measure their worry level.If the tests show that their stress level is high,the students can take a short course to manage the fear.Theae courses teach students how to relax their bodies.They get training to become calm in very tense situations.By controlling gheir nervousness,they can let their minds work more easily.Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course.She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods.”mostly,what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place.Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil.I move slowly and carefully.I breathe easily and let all the tension out.With each treath,more worry leaves me.It really works too.My grades have improved greatly!I’m really doing well at MeGill now.This relaxation method works not only on examinations,but it has improved the rest of my life as well”

For Hitoshi in Tokyo ,The results were much the same.He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.11.What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto? A)Students from the same university B)Failing in all the examinations C)Experiences of test anxiety D)Having the same poor studying habits 12.These are signs of test anxiety EXCEPT()A)worries about a test B)stressed about a test C)low grades and poor study habits D)nervousness during the test 13.What’sthe purpose of some special university student-help course? A)To help students to reduce test anxiety B)To show a stress level experienced by students C)To learn more knowledge about test anxiety D)To have a better understanding of test anxiety 14.What’s the meaning of “blank out”in paragraph one ? A)To be like a blanket

本卷共10页 第 4 页（另附答题纸2张）B)To be sure of an answer C)To be relaxed D)To be unable to think clearly 15.What’s the organization of the passage? A)Examples—theories---ideas B)Problem—strategy—result C)General statement—examples—result D)Strategy—experiment—examples Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts:they rely on depositors(存款人)not to demand payment all at the same time.If depositors should come to fear that a bank couldn’t pay off all its depositors,then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day.If they did ,the bank could not pay all accounts.However,if they did not all appear at once,then there would always be funds to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it.Mrs.Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced.One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city whese she lived.The other banks anticipated a run the next day,and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs.Vaught worked as a teller(出纳员)had enough funds on hand to pay off as many depositors as might apply.The officers simply instructed the tellers to pay on demand.Next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside.The length of the line convinced many that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone.People began to push and then to fight for places near the teller’s windows.Clothing was torn and limbs broken,but the jam continued for hours.The power of the panicatmosphere is evident in the fact that two tellers,though they knew that the bank was sound and could pay out all depositors,nevertheless withdrew the funds in their own accounts.Mrs.Vaught says that she had difficulty restraining herself from doing the same 16.A bank run occurs when()A)a bank is closed for one or more days B)employees of a bank take their own funds out of the bank C)too many depositors attempt to draw out their money at one time D)there appear long lines in front of the tellers’windows 17.What happened to some of the customers of the band where Mrs.Vaught worked? A)They lost their money B)They got injured C)They had to leave part of their money in the bank D)They were forced to put their money into other banks

本卷共10页 第 5 页（另附答题纸2张）18.The essential cause of a run on bank is()A)lack of sufficient funds B)inefficient tellers C)too many depositors D)loss of confidence 19.The crowds gathered in Mrs.Vaught’s bank and on the sidewalk because of()A)doubt

B)greed

C)anger D）curiosity 20.According to the passage,the actions of the customers of Mrs.Vaught’s bank were influenced chiefly by()A)the failure of the bank to pay off everyone B)the failure of several banks to open C)the actions of the two tellers in the bank D)The difficulty with which they obtain their money Part II Vocabulary &Structure(40%)Directions:For each of the following sentences ,there are four choices marked ABCand D.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences.21.They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan ten days ahead of schedule,()was something we had not expected.A)that B)this C)it D)which 22.If Dorothy had not been badly hurt in a car accident,()in last month’s marathon race.A)she would participate B)she might participate C)she would have participate D)she must have participated 23.I suddenly realized that he was trying to()quarreling with me.A)consider B)enjoy C）avoid D)prevent 24.The real trouble()their lack of confidence in their abilities.A)lies in B)lies on C)results in D)leads to

25.The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them()every night this week.A)practice B)to practice C)practiced D)practicing 26.Jane’s dress is similar in design()her sister’s.A)with B)like C)to C)as

27.The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original()A)consideration B)judgment C)estimate D)plan 28.The waiter walked out 9)the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.A)from before B)form under C)from behind D)from across 29.We()that you knew the whole matter.A)thought it for sure B)regarded it for sure C)took it for certainty D)took it for granted

本卷共10页 第 6 页（另附答题纸2张）30.I prefer his plan to yours,()it is more practical and easier to be carried out A)for which B)for that C)in which D)in that 31.If I had remembered()the windows,the thief would not have got in.A)closing B)having closed C)to close D)to have closed 32.()mainly for the invention of the telephone ,Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A)While remembering B)Though remembered C)To have remembered D)He is remembered 33.An ambulance（救护车）must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of()A)crisis B)urgency C)emergency D)emergence 34.It was difficult to guess what her()to the news would be.A)impression B)reaction C)comment D)opinion 35.Let’s hang up some paintings on these()walls.A)bare B)empty C)exposed D)located 36.Five sections()the examination.A)consist of B)are composed of C)constitute D)comprise of 37.Computers have been applied()almost every field nowadays.A)for

B)in C)at

D)to

38.He had reviewed his lessons(),and passed the exam at last.A)consequently B）continuously C)constantly D)consistently 39.When it()English ,he is the best in our class.A)comes about B)comes up to C)comes across D)comes to 40.Doubts began to()in my mind A)stick up

B)bring up C)spring up D)make up 41.()driving to work ,Mr.Randolph usually goes to his office by subway.A)Rather than B)Without C)Instead of

D)In spite of 42.California relies heavily on income from fruit crops,and()A)also does florida B)so Florida does C)so does Florida D)Florida does either 43.There was no point()him to come early since everything was ready.A)to ask B)to have asked C)being asking D)in asking 44.I’ll finish the job,()long it takes.A)no matter however B)no matter how C)no matter so D)no matter rather 45.It’s the()in this country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring.A)custom B)conduct C)habit D)customs 46.This place was regarded as()for settlement.A)unable B)uncertain C)unjust D)unfit

本卷共10页 第 7 页（另附答题纸2张）47.The freshmen already have()to the best library books.A)references B)courses C)authority D)access 48.He()me to give up the holidays in Spain next month.A)accompanied B)agreed C)persuaded D)promoted 49.They hope to start a small company,but they are not too sure how to()it A)run B)try C)found D)contact 50.The Peace Hotel is a high building(),these shops nearby are very small.A)In this way B)In contrast C)In addition D)On the contrary 51.Concerning this matter you should be well advised to()a lawyer.A)declare B)identify C)consult D)inspect 52.Some scientists believed that mine would be()within five years.A)exploded B)explored C)exported D)exhausted 53.We arranged to meet at the station ,but she didn’t()A)turn on B)turn out C)turn round D)turn up 54.It isn’t the sort of thing one should talk of().A)in turn B)in company C)in contrast D)in private 55.Scientists are still()inventing new methods of reaching outer space.A)working on B)working as C)working out D)working with 56.The teacher had a pleasant talk with those students()were models of diligence(勤奋)A)two of which B)two of these C)two of whom D)tow of them 57.The two boys had so()in common that they soon became good friends.A)little B)few C)much D)many 58.Our students are free to study()interests them.A)whatever B)that C）which D)anything 59.Under no circumstances()to such a proposal.A)could the director agree.B)the director agreed C)the director will agree D)the director did agree 60.By the end of this week,they()a solution to the problem.A)are finding

B)will be finding C)will have found D)have found Part III.Translation(20%)Section A Directions:Translate the following sentences into Chinese 61.As far as the method itself is concerned,it is worth trying.The trouble is we don’t have enough hands.62.I don’t think the idea can be put into practice.One reason is that we don’t have the necessary funds.Another reason is that we don’t have the manpower needed to complete it.63.You can obtain no goal if you don’t have an honest attitude and a strong will.本卷共10页 第 8 页（另附答题纸2张）64.No matter how much advice you give him ,he does exactly what he wants.65.Most of her poems were not published until after her death in 1886.Section B Directions:Translate the following sentences into English 66.很多美国人喜欢驾车旅行，而不喜欢乘其它的交通工具。67.几天前，由三名医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发去山区了。68.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。

69.起初，这个复杂的问题使他们感到灰心，但经过仔细思考他们终于研究出了解决办法。

70.一切都表明他们的计划出了问题。

本卷共10页 第 9 页（另附答题纸2张）

河北科技大学短期英语培训心得 第6篇

四班李亚敏

作为一名农村中学的英语教师，以前，感觉自己就是一只井底之蛙，有时是很认真和努力地完成教育教学工作的，可是觉得还是有很多方面需要加强和提高的，觉得有时不能及时地学到一些先进的教育技巧和先进的教育理念的引领。这次培训给我们英语教师提供了一次相当不错的学习机会。通过这次学习，我觉得在教育教学方面收获很多。下面谈一谈我学习的感受：

在培训中，我感受最深的是当老师用全英来讲课时，我感到无比的自卑，当时下决心一定要下苦功夫，努力学习，强力提升自身的专业素养。记得42 中校长杨林说，你希望学生成为什么样，就朝那个方向努力，准能成。我想只要我努力，我也一定会成为优秀的教育工作者。

每次的英语老师培训，对于我来说都是一次难得的机会，可是有幸遇见这么优秀的老师，能够与全省所有英语老师沟通交流，又何尝不是另一种幸运呢！因为能成为一位优秀的英语教师，应该是所有英语老师的梦想吧。

此次培训，更新了我的新课程教学理念，提高了我驾驭英语课堂的能力，为我的英语新课堂教学打开新天地。在课堂教学方面，我也受益匪浅。课堂上一定要把学生的兴趣调动起来，在课堂上以学生为主体，把主动权还给学生。在教学中应把时间和空间多留给学生。关注学生的学习兴趣，以学生真实的认知水平和生活经验为出发点设计教学环节，让学生一起来体验学习英语的快乐。向英语口语化的课堂迈进，向充分互动的课堂迈进。