英美概况自荐书（精选6篇）
英美概况自荐书 第1篇
名词解释：
(1)The Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁）
They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(2)The Good Friday Agreement（北爱和平协议）
As a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree.Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.(3)The Bill of Rights of 1689（权利法案）
In 1688, king James II’ s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politician and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.The bill of rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament.(4)The constitution of Britain（英国的宪法）
Britain has no written constitution.The foundation of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws passed by parliament;the common laws, which are laws established through common practice in the courts;and conventions.(5)The function of Parliament（议会的功能）
To pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.(6)The house of commons(众议院)
The house of commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650elected representatives(members of Parliament)make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.(7)Class system in Britain society（英国社会的等级制度）
The class system does exist in British society.Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class.Class division are not simply economic, they are cultural as well.People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive.One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.(8)Privatisation in UK economy（英国经济私有化）
The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound.Therefore, in the 1980s, when the conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatization was carried out.Many state-owned businesses(such as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace)were turned into private companies.Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.(9)Elizabethan drama（伊丽莎白一世时的戏剧）
The general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries is known as the renaissance.In British culture, one of the most successful and long-lasting expressions of this development lay in drama.That was the period of the reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603).The first professional theatre in London opened in 1576, and others followed, performing the plays of many notable playwrights, including Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare.(10)Romanticism（浪漫主义）
Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period.Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason.A volume of poems called lyrical ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the romantic movement to its height, the spirit of romanticism also occurred in the novel.(11)Modernism（现代主义）
Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before WWⅡ.It is characterized by a high degree of experimentation.It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of realism.Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.Often, modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand.It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action.One of the most famous English modernist is Virginia Woolf.(12)Declaration of independence（独立宣言）
The declaration of independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from john locks.(13)Transcendentalists（先验论者）
In his book nature, Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature, individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion.A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson.They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence.They are known as Transcendentalists
(14)The “lost generation”（迷失的一代）
In the aftermath of world war I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment.Some lived in Europe.They were known as the “lost generation.” Two of the most representative writers of the “lost generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.简答题：
（1）The Magna Carta and its significance（大宪章及其意义）
（2）Glories of Revolution and its significance（光荣革命及其意义）
（3）Modernism in Britain literature writer, masterpieces, its significance（英国现代主义文学作家的杰作,它的意义）
（4）Puritanism and its significance（清教主义及其意义）
Puritanism
They follow the idea of the French reformer and theologian John Calvin
1.doctrines:
(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin and total depravity: human beings were born to evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Limited atonement 赎罪:only the “elect” can be saved.Influence of Puritanism on American Literature
(1)a group of good qualities----hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety(serious and thoughtful)
influenced American literature
(2)it led to the everlasting myth.All literature is based on a myth---Garden of Eden.(3)Symbolism: lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works.To the pious Puritan the physical, phenomenal world is nothing but a symbol of God(typical ways of Puritans who thought that all the simple objects existing in the world connected deep meanings).Symbolism means using symbols in literary works.The symbol means something represents or stands for abstract deep meaning.(4)Simplicity characterizes the Puritan style of writing.With regard to their writing, the
style of fresh, simple and direct;the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.(5)Fired with a sense of mission.The Puritans looked the worst of life in the face of
tremendous optimism.The optimistic Puritan has exerted a great influence on American Literature.Early American Literature were mainly optimistic because they believed that God sent them to the new continent, to fulfill the sacred task.so they would overcome all the difficulties.They met at last.Gradually Americans found that their dreams would not be successful, so lots of pessimistic literary works were produced.(5)Transcendentalism and its significance（超越论及其意义）
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is an American literary, political and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered on Ralph Waldo Emerson.Keys:
--------the new spirit was neither social nor political, nor industrial, nor economic, nor literary, nor scientific, nor religious.It was all of them at once.It transcended every phase of life.It is a whole new way of thinking.Transcendentalism in its literal meaning is the recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, of knowing truth intuitively or reaching the divine without the need of an intercessor.It was essence romantic idealism on Puritan soil.In application, American transcendentalism urged a reform in society and that such a reform may be reached if individuals resist customs and social codes, and relu rather on reason to learn what is right.Ultimately, transcendentalism believed that one should transcend society’s code of ethics and rely on personal intuition in order to reach absolute goodness, or absolute truth.Influence:
1.It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature.It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.2.It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to “get on ” obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.3.It helped to create the first American renaissance-----one of the most prolific periods in American literature.(6)Norman conquer and its significance（诺曼征服及其意义）
英美概况自荐书 第2篇
I.Term explanation
1.The War of Independence
(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3)In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4)In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at York Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2.Boston Tea Party
(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists.(2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3.the First Continental Congress
(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders.They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4.The Declaration of Independence
(1)The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights.(2)Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence.It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights.It declared that all men were equaland they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.(3)The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy.(4)The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor.More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5.American Constitution
(1)The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world.(2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government.It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6.The Bill of Rights(USA)
(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made.This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”.(2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of individuals.7.The New Deal
(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2)Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA(The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8.The Great Depression
(1)On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange.Share and other security prices collapsed.(2)By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed.Industrial production was cut in half.Farm income had fallen b y more than half.Wages had decreased 60 percent.New investment was down 90 percent.As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed.(3)Franklin D.Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy.(4)Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II.Please answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the four crown colonies during America colonization?(Textbook: Page 152.)
2.What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America?(Textbook: Page 158-160)
3.What are he four causes for American Civil War?(Textbook: Page 167-170)
4.What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal?(Textbook: Page 187-188)
5.What are the five fundamental features of American political system?(Textbook: Page 209)
6.What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution?(Textbook: Page 210)
7.What are the five constitutional roles of American president?(Textbook: Page 213)
英美概况教材及教学思路探讨 第3篇
1 教学目标及教学思路
1.1 教学目标
考虑到文化在语言学习中的重要性, 该课程的教学目标为:启发学生认识、解读英语国家文化, 深化语言学习与文化学习的内涵关联, 提升学习语言的实效和在真实世界中的应用能力。让学生在提高文化意识的基础上, 提高文化观察能力、思索能力、甄别和探索能力。
1.2 教学思路
《英美概况》素来以课时少、内容量大而使许多同学倍感压力。不同于其他专业必修课, 该课程重在让学生掌握常识, 能了解英语文化中的不同侧面, 而这些侧面将有助于学生在接下来的学期中更好地理解其他方向性专业课。因此在教材内容的筛选上要有针对性, 要选择对学生专业学习直接有用的、能让学生感兴趣的、让学生开阔视野的一些章节。对于其他一些如:经济、地理、社会等概念性知识仅作补充, 也就是重点难点要在课堂上细讲 (包含对应的习题) , 而其他部分则由学生课后自我学习。
1.3 教学设计
该课程重在扩展学生的常识内容, 因此所涉及内容较广, 另外由于课时紧张、内容较多的特点, 难点和重点的划分就尤为重要。基于目前所使用教材 (《英语国家社会与文化入门》朱永涛、王立礼主编) , 根据学生日后学习、考研及工作的需要, 重难点分析如下:
重点:英美各国的历史 (是如何形成的, 经历了哪几个阶段, 各阶段的标志性事件等) ;英美各国的政治宗教情况 (政体、政党、大选、外交等) ;英美两国的教育 (义务教育、高等教育、各类考试等) ;英国的媒体 (报纸分类、各大报纸、BBC) ;各国节假日以及美国20世纪60年代的社会运动。
次重点:英美加澳等国地理环境、经济发展、科技发展、影视文学作品等可仅作了解。
难点:英美两国的历史形成过程, 尤其是英联合王国各组成部分的情况直接影响政治、宗教、教育的特点;英美两国政治标志性事件 (由于本教材区别于历史课程, 没有清晰的时间轨迹, 因此学生会感觉杂乱无条理, 难以记忆) ;英联邦国家与英国的关系;美国社会运动的发展过程以及所体现出来的人文精神。
而常识信息则包括英美各国的全称, 国旗、国歌及地理位置。历届国家领导人的姓名及党派, 国际关系、英联邦国家的大致信息和与日常交流常见的一些基本知识。
2 教材分析
2.1 教材优势
目前使用教材为朱永涛、王立礼主编的《英语国家社会与文化入门》。该教材是普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材, 且荣获全国普通高校优秀教材一等奖。该教材具有较强的优势, 体现如下:
(1) 内容丰富, 视角广而全:历史、政治、经济、文化、教育、科学、娱乐、社会各个方面都有讲解。多角度全方位拓展学生的语言实用性。
(2) 课本中配有主要单词中文释义以及重要名词的中文注解, 方便学生快速阅读并节约时间。同时配有一定的图片, 直观形象。
(3) 在每单元开始都有重点提示, 多数重点都会以标题形式出现在课文中, 而且这些重点在练习中均有涉及。
(4) 练习题题型丰富:判断、选择、填空、名词解释、论述。且这些题型都围绕着本单元重点展开, 可以很好地复习并掌握难重点。
2.2 教材劣势
与此同时, 作为一门涵盖变量较多文化知识的教材。该教材又存在一些瑕疵。
(1) 不同于以时间轴顺序安排的历史教材, 英美概况教材重在广角了解, 因此缺乏时间连续性, 理科背景的学生学习吃力。而且由于涵盖面较广, 本教材上下两本书在一个学期结束。学生主观判断难度较大, 丧失学习积极性。因此在教学计划和目标制定时, 要适时地补充历史背景知识, 做到既激活历史信息储备又能加深当下理解。
(2) 教材中错误较多, 这些错误主要体现在练习题上。由于教材答案和教材内容不匹配这一问题, 教学中可让学生分析该如何修改或解释, 也可采取删除法或者改变题支换角度让学生练习。另本教材答案没有解析, 可要求学生来解析答案, 作为复习强化的手段。
(3) 信息陈旧, 无更新:像economy、foreign relations、literature、music、movie这些章节信息过时, 较为陈旧。相关练习题如:上册UNIT3考察英国保守党领导人是谁?下议院中有多少席位?下册中P62填空11:美国有多少次宪法修正案?没有当下时事政治或当前话题的讨论, 这也是一个不足。
(4) 缺少国家地图、国旗还有国徽及标志性内容:学生地理知识匮乏, 急切需要直观形象的地图以理解该国家的地理位置、地貌以及其政治地缘关系。单纯依赖文字使他们难以理解英国与美国及加拿大的关系。
针对教材中出现的问题, 教学中可通过摘选其他教材的内容作为补充, 如:
余志远, 主编:全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会。《英语国家概况》“English-Speaking Countries:A Survey”。出版社:外语教学与研究出版社。
周叔麟主编, 《新编英美概况教程 (第二版) 》。北京大学出版社。
3 教学方法
针对以上所提及的本课程教材特点:涵盖面广、信息量大、重难点不突出、时间轴向不明等困难, 采取的教学方法必须帮学生在有限的课堂时间内抓住重点, 对难点进行提前准备或课后强化。
3.1 任务型教学法
在每一单元开始之前, 教师应首先给学生说明该单元的重点难点, 并要求学生就难点重点整理预习笔记。可采用小组预习不同章节, 然后互通有无的形式提前发现难点。这样学生在授课之前对所学内容有大概理解, 上课时再用系统的课件、讲解来重申重难点, 加深学生理解, 课后给学生留练习作业进一步巩固记忆。
对于教材中所缺失的系统性知识, 以作业形式分配到小组中, 要求小组补充并讲解该部分内容。这样既锻炼学生的课后学习能力, 也提升学生积极性。最后由教师在课堂上予以补充完善。
3.2 交互型教学法
针对重点章节的重难点, 可采用提问、讨论等形式, 让学生主动参与新知识的学习中来;在课堂授课的环节中会加入适当的讨论时间, 让学生互相交流。在处理课后练习的过程中, 首先让学生来陈述自己的问题, 然后由学生予以解答。除此之外, 还可以通过课后第二课堂的开展, 让学生来复述或增添新知识。如可模拟英国议会实践其议会职能, 也可通过观看电影《铁娘子》来讨论总结英国首相的职责。
3.3 启发式教学法
由于文化内容涉及不同的地域文化, 那么在理解的基础下学习效果会更好。因此在授课的过程中, 教师应让学生比较中美、中英、英美等国家间的异同, 并启发他们思考:为什么会有这样的异同?这样的教学法是基于课本又脱离课本的, 需要学生自发主动地去思考, 结合他们以前积累的信息。这种方式可以让学生深刻地理解现实, 并用所学知识去解释, 真正做到学以致用。
4 总结
英美概况作为英语专业学习者必修的一门学科, 有着极其重要的作用。如何合理地分析并结合运用教材, 制订合理的教学目标和教学思路直接影响学生对语言的实际应用能力。借助文化学习语言, 用语言来解析文化, 这是相辅相成的一个学习过程。不断探讨研究最优模式助力学生更进一步, 是一个持久的过程。
摘要：英美概况作为英语专业的必修课程, 扮演极其重要的作用。这门课程是对英语专业学生已有知识的升华和拓展。目前教材内容覆盖面较广、质量良莠不齐, 因此教学目标及教学思路的设计直接决定整体的教学效果。基于目前所使用教材, 结合专业学生学习的需求, 分析所使用教材的优劣点, 并探讨解决英美概况教学中存在重点难点, 以及采用交互、任务及启发式教学法来提升整体的教与学过程。
关键词：英美概况,教材,教学目标,教学设计,教学方法
参考文献
[1]方保军.英语教学中的跨文化教育素质[M].上海:上海教育出版社, 2004 (13) .
[2]贾连庆.大学英语教学中跨文化意识培养[J].湖南广播电视大学学报, 2008 (3) .
[3]刘安洪.关于“英语国家概况”课教学的思考[J].重庆教育学院学报, 2004 (4) .
[4]夏桐枝.学好《英美概况》的两种有效方法[J].河北自学考试, 1997 (10) .
[5]于朝阳.文化对比在英美概况教学中的探索与实践[J].山东教育学院学报, 2006 (3) .
[6]余志远, 组编:全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会.英语国家概况[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2005.
[7]周叔麟.新编英美概况教程[M].2版.北京:北京大学出版社, 2010.
《英美国家概况》学习方法 第4篇
关键词：英美国家概况英美文化学习方法
一、前言
《英美国家概况》是一门集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的英语专业必修课，旨在向学生介绍主要英语国家（英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等）的社会和文化背景知识，如地理、历史、政治、经济、教育、节假日、宗教信仰和文化传统等方面的基本知识，帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力，使其从文化和社会的角度更加深刻地理解和掌握所学语言知识和技能，为从事将来的工作打下较为坚实的基础。本课程在江西中医药大学英语专业学生中第5学期开设，选用的教材是谢福之主编、外语教学与研究出版社出版的《英语国家概况》。
二、学习方法
2.1 结合语言学习与文化学习
语言和文化密不可分，英语专业的学生不仅要学好英语语言本身，对英语国家的文化也必须有一定的了解。本课程最大的特色就是将语言知识与文化知识紧密结合起来进行教学，从而有利于语言教学与文化知识教学的相互促进，有利于扩大学生的知识面，提高学生综合素质和人文修养。本课程的内容也是英语专业八级考试必考的部分。
2.2 灵活使用教学方法
本课程属于文化理论课，授课以课堂教学为主，但传统的以教师为中心的理论讲解容易使学生产生枯燥乏味之感，因此在教学过程中，我们将采用“以教师为教学主导、学生为学习主体”的教学理念，以建构主义学习理论作为理论基础，采取专题讨论的方式，将英国、美国等国家按照地理、历史、政治、经济、文学和教育分为六大学习专题，采用合作式学习方式，要求学生在课堂上分小组进行交流、讨论、汇报；除此之外，还定期举办讨论会、辩论大赛、演讲比赛、专题讲座等活动，尽可能地调动学生的学习积极性，激发学习潜力，提高学习效果。
2.3 综合运用现代教育技术
在教学过程中我们充分认识到现代教育技术是教学的有力支持，是教育教学改革的动力，因此，本课程采用电脑、投影、电视、录像、 网络等多媒体手段进行教学，为学生创造了声像并茂、真实生动的图形资料和视频素材。如在讲解美国历史中的“911事件”的时候，我们就让学生观看事件的视频及相关的新闻报道，让学生对这一恐怖事件有了比较直观地认识。同时，为了体现教材内容的生动性和趣味性，我们还购置了有关英美文化的音像资料和补充教材，帮助学生学习英语国家国情，使学生对相关知识点的理解从文字发展到形象，从单纯抽象的思维上升到感性与理性的结合，从而较好地实现学习目的。
三、课程实施模式
3.1课前准备
江西中医药大学英语专业在第5学期开设了《英美国家概况》，共54个课时，学生约30人。我们在学期初要求学生自由组合，每五人为一个小组，每一组承担一个章节的主题展示。每一章的内容由各小组成员自己讨论以何种形式表述。小组成员根据自己的专题提前一周开始准备，通过学校的图书馆、学院资料室以及网络等途径查阅资料。五位同学各自发挥自己的特色，做出自己负责那部分主题的PPT，而每一个小组的内容又是一个完整的体系。学生通过这种准备工作对课本内容有了比较好的了解，也锻炼了自己的口语及PPT制作能力。
3.2 教师讲解
上课的前15分鐘，由老师对本节课的内容进行简要的讲解，教师应充分发挥组织者的引导作用。教师需要做大量的课前备课准备，不仅要给出每一章的主题要点，还要对每一章的相关的内容进行阅读、收集、思考，才能为学生的讨论、提问给出深层意义的解答。老师讲解目的是让学生掌握本节内容的基本知识，拓宽学生的思维，加深思想深度。比如在讲述美国的南北战争的时候，老师就应该引导学生思考战争发生的根本原因、导火索、战争的转折点、结果以及对美国社会的影响等，其中可以穿插林肯纪念堂、小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》等和战争相关的资料。
3.3 学生陈述
紧接着的下面10分钟为小组成员的课堂陈述阶段（presentation），每位同学的时间为2分钟左右，都要求以PPT的形式展现。小组成员生动、认真的陈述往往能吸引下面每一位学生的注意力。这种陈述彻底的改变了传统教学中教师满堂讲、学生被动的接受的授课方式。学生成了课堂的主体，他们是课堂的设计者、参与者和讲演者。事实证明，这种主体性、主动性、协作性和自主性相结合的模式能极大地活跃课堂气氛，激发学生的求知欲，提高学习热情，让师生都受益匪浅。
3.4提问和交流
小组成员陈述之后，是班上其他学生自由提问和小组成员回答问题的阶段，时间为15分钟。小组成员必须全力以赴，聚精会神地倾听问题，参考已查询的资料和自己所掌握的知识进行回答。比如在讲述美国的议会制度的时候，大家就可以探讨和英国议会制度的异同以及形成的缘由。讨论往往非常踊跃、激烈，问题不断的扩展和深入。通过课程改革实践证明，这种师生共同参与、互为作用的过程营造了一种积极向上、自由和谐的课堂氛围，也培养了学生的主体意识和协作精神。通过提问与交流，全班同学对整个专题的内容、要点和相关的知识、社会现象、历史事件等都有了详细的了解和深刻的认识。这种课堂是生动活泼、充满求知欲、充满思索的文化交流会，是感知英语文化的良好平台。
3.5评价与反馈
教师的评价和总结是整个教学过程中非常重要的一个环节。评价主要包括两方面的内容：内容和表达。内容涉及课外知识面的广度，主题内容的加工和延伸，课文内容的重点把握程度等。表达包括语音、语调的准确和流畅，多媒体手段的利用，肢体语言的表达等。随着教学理念的改变，课程的教学评估体系也发生了很大变化，由以前的单一的终结性评估转变为形成性评估与终结性评估相结合。具体来讲，本门课程的期末总成绩由两部分组成：平时成绩（也叫形成性评估）和期末考试成绩（也叫终结性评估），平时成绩占总成绩的30%，期末考试成绩占总成绩的70%。平时成绩考核学生的出勤、学习态度、课堂表现、阶段性测试等，这样学生的注意力不仅在期末的考试，也非常关注平时的表现。
四、结束语
综上所述，江西中医药大学英语专业开设的《英美国家概况》教学目标明确，教学方法多样，教学手段先进，教学效果显著，学生在学习语言的同时对英美国家的文化有了一个基本的了解，提高了学生的跨文化交际能力。我校英语专业学生在全国英语专业四级考试及英语专业八级考试中的通过率一直名列省内高校前列，本课程起了一定的作用。
参考文献：
[1]李丹.基于建构主义理论的英美概况教学模式研究[J].江西青年职业学院学报， 2011（4）： 88-90.
[2]刘安洪.关于“英语国家概况课”教学的思考[J].重庆教育学院学报， 2004， （4）.
[3]罗少茜.英语课堂教学形成性评价研究[M].北京：外语教育与研究出版社， 2003：18-19.
英美概况论文 第5篇
语言与文化是相互依存的,语言携带文化,同时又受到文化背景的影响。英语作为一种世界上主要的语言之一,其地位受到世界各国的重视,所以学习英语语言的产生发展及英美英语的差异及发展具有深远的意义。
英国与美国，是当今世界社会上的两大强国，这两国在很多方面有着极其相似的地方，都说的是英语，都是资本主义国家，都主宰着当今世界诸多事件的走向，都有着严格的法律制度与健全的社会体系，都拥有莘莘学子们梦寐以求的世界上首屈一指的高等学府„„英国人和美国人互不服气，英国人说美国人没有历史，美国人说英国人不懂未来。这样相似的两个国家，又有着那些明显的不同之处呢？我将从一下几点进行论述：
两国文化的相同之处
同源性使得这两个国家的文化具有很多相同的地方。
1语言——都是英语
2宗教——以基督教新教为主
3社会交往的一些细节——女士优先，文明有礼，保护隐私，忌讳星期五，数字十三等
4节日——万圣节、复活节等。
尽管英美两个国家都是讲英语的，但是美国英语和英国英语是不相同的。英国人与美国人虽然说的都叫英语，但这两种英语的差异还是很大的，学英语的人都知道，英语中有英式发音和美式发音两种。英国人的英语，相对而言，发音比较清楚，连读的部分较少，一般听起来相对比较字正腔圆;而美国人说英语，则秉持这能省则省，能连就连的原则，因此，对于把英语作为第二语言的人来说，听英国人的发音相比较下会舒服得多，而如果要习惯美音，恐怕只有在美国生活过的人才真正做到了。另外，两国在字词上的用法也有很多的不同，比如：第二层Second floor(美)---First floor(英)地铁Subway---underground.学期Semester---term商店Store---shop 假期vacation---holidays电话忙音The line is busy.---The line is engaged
英美生活习俗差异
英国人和美国人在自己日常生活习俗上也有区别。
从服饰上看，英国2人非常讲究衣着，讲究绅士风度，西装革履，皮鞋锃亮。美国人则比较随便，想穿什么就是什么，以自己舒适为主，不会去介意别人的评价，别人也不会去评价。有的英国女士接待黄皮肤朋友时，专门涂抹上黄色面霜，以表示对朋友的亲近和尊重。美国人可方便多了，近几年，美国流行大花裤衩，校内校外，老老少少，都少不了它的影子。但这也并不是说，他们到处随意，在一些场合，他们也是西装革履，文质彬彬，很有些“绅士”的派头。但如果一看到没有旁人，这些“绅士”就原形毕露，鞋也脱了，领带也松了，扣子也解了，脚也搭起来了。
从饮食上看两国的美食都像英语一样，是一个大杂烩，广泛吸收了世界各地不同文化的影响。众所周知，英国是一个聚集了诸多绅士淑女的地方，而英国的饮食，也处处散发着英国上流社会应有的高贵气质，从选材到烹饪，再到餐桌上的一言一行，英国人无不将细致发挥到了极致。特别在餐桌礼仪上，不能在餐桌上说话，不能有餐具敲击的声音，刀叉的握法„„几乎所有我们所了解的法式西餐的规则都被英国人所遵守而同样是吃饭，到了美国人身上，则就显得随意了许多。美国式饮食不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。一日三餐都比较随便。老美的最爱便是所谓的垃圾食品。对于生活节奏极快的老美来说，五分钟就能搞定的汉堡薯条显然要比规矩多多的西式大餐要吸引人的多。至于这种饮食习惯导致的结果，便是老美的街头行走的人中，大腹便便者显然要比标准身材的人多得多。这样的饮食习惯某种程度上也折射了美国人的生活，雷厉风行，不向英国人那般拖沓，那样注重细节。
另外美国人除了过和英国人一样的节日外，还有自己的感恩节等。
美国人的性格和英国人也是不相同的。
有人把美国人的性格概括成：热情、开朗、冒险、创新、奔放活剥、直白的幽默
相对应英国人的性格特点是：冷漠、含蓄、内敛、保守、理性严谨、绅士的幽默
英美的教育理念不同。
美国人孜孜不倦的追求平等和自由，体现在教育上就是美国的教育体制具有多元性、开放性（向不同层次学习能力和经济条件的人开放）、国际性、灵活性（各种不同性质的学校满足不同目标的人的需要，国家没有统一的教育制度）的特点，使美国教育既能满足不同人群、不同层次的人们的需要，确保教育公平和机会均等，又能满足并充分发挥不同受教育对象的个性特点，使教育充满活力和生机。
而英国人的保守与严谨，体现在教育上就是严谨的学风，完善的教育体系。它拥有一套严格的质量监控体制，各大院校的教学质量评估与科研水平评估结果向全世界公布，英国的高等教育会定期受到检查。英国大学的科研水平长期保持了一个很高水平，也是与这个质量监控体制分不开的，许多开创性的研究发明起始于英国，比如第一只克隆羊，就培养于爱丁堡大学。英国教育的质量也体现在对学生的严格考核上，有的专业可以用“残酷”来形容，被淘汰而拿不到学位的也大有人在，英国老师通常不会因为学生只差一点而放学生一马，他们的职业道德和敬业风度有力地保证了教育质量。
英美概况问答题 第6篇
一.What do you know about the Roosevelt’s New Deal?
1.The great depression of 1929-1933 happened in America, which made the American economy fall into an emergent situation.2.In the presidential election of 1932, Franklin D.Roosevelt, a Democrat, defeated the Republican candidate and became President.3.He was empowered by Congress to deal with the emergency and save the situation.He called his program “The New Deal”, which had two principal purposes.4.At home, many public projects were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility.Crops were destroyed and agricultural production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices.The big industries were also compelled to make reforms.5.At abroad.Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old markets and to conquer new ones under the cloak of the “Good Neighbor Policy”.6.Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pensions to the old, unemployed and the injured.7.Roosevelt’s “New Deal” did not change the capitalist system but helped to improve it.8.The “New Deal” had a certain historical importance.It relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people, stopped the national economy from collapsing and especially prevented the U.S from becoming a fascist state such as Germany, Italy and Japan.二.What do you know about the “Glorious Revolution”?
1.By this time, the Cavaliers and Roundheads had settled down to become England’s first political parties, the former the Tories and the latter the Whigs.2.The Whigs were still not satisfied and began to stir up popular felling against the King’s brother, James, who was a Catholic and was likely to be the next king.3.Most people did not want a Catholic king, but the Whig’s violent behavior reminded England too much of Cromwell.4.In the interest of common justice, Parliament passed in 1679 the well-known Habeas Corpus Act, according to which, any person arrested or detained should be brought before a court of judge within twenty-four hours.5.James Ⅱ, Charles’s brother, ascended the throne after Charles died in 1685.He openly ignored laws passed by Parliament and intended to maintain a standing army commanded by Catholics.6.After three years of struggle, the Whig and Tory leaders at last united against James Ⅱ.Being afraid of another revolution, they planned a coup d’etat.7.In June 1688 the leaders of Parliament invited William of Holland to come and take the throne.William landed with an army and he was so warmly welcomed that James ran away to France without any attempt at resistance.8.William and Mary were then crowned as joint rulers.This was known in history as “The Glorious Revolution”
9.In 1689, Parliament expressed the Bill of Rights;the constitutional Monarchy began in England.10.The English Revolution is an epoch-making event in the history of the world.It concluded the medieval period-the period of feudalism and marks the beginning of the modern period-the period of capitalism.It paved the way for the rapid growth of capitalism in England.三.What were the consequences of Norman Conquest?
1.It increased the process of feudalism which had begun during Anglo-Saxon times.2.William the Conqueror established a strong monarchy in England.3.After the conquest William retained most of the old English customs of government.4.The Norman Conquest also brought about changes in the church.The upper ranks of the clergy were Normanized and feudalized, following the pattern of lay society.5.Along with the Normans came the French language, this would be the language of the court and upper classes until the fourteenth century.四.What do you know about Chartist Movement?
1.The Chartist Movement, like the Anti-Corn Law League, was rooted in many earlier working-class and radical movements for the improvement of social conditions.2.In 1836, the London Working Men’s Association was organized “to seek by every legal means to place all classes in possession of equal political and social rights.”
3.In 1837 a petition, known as the People’s Charter, was drawn up, which included universal suffrage, adoption of equal electoral districts, abolition of the property qualification for members of Parliament, payment of M.P.s, secret ballot, and annual general election..4.The basic point of the People’s Charter is Universal Suffrage.5.The Chartist could be roughly divided into two groups-“moral force”, which believed in reform by peaceful means, and “physical force”, which advocated violence.6.The Chartist Movement reached its height in 1839-1848.7.From 1839 to 1848 three petitions were presented to Parliament, but all three were rejected.8.The Chartist Movement declined after 1848, though the National Charter Association lived until 1858.9.The Chartist Movement failed because of its divided leadership and lack of a strong basis for class unity.10.It was after the Chartist Movement that the English working-class entered a period of conducting independent political movement against the bourgeoisie.五.Why did the Industrial Revolution first take place in Britain?
1.The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the 18th century.2.The accumulation of capital;the development of capitalist farming;the appearance of a labor reserve;and the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.3.Britain’s population grew in this period and the people were skilled in many different crafts and trades.4.Britain had built a large empire which had a powerful navy and a huge merchant fleet.5.Britain was an island with many excellent ports, so foreign trade was easy.6.Britain had created a world-wide market for its goods and its colonies supplied raw materials.The British slave traders also got a lot of money in their “triangle” trade.7.The English Parliament from 1760 to 1844 passed three thousand eight hundred Enclosure Acts.8.All of these factors sped up primitive accumulation and provided an important prerequisite for the Industrial Revolution.六.How did the Industrial Revolution exert a great influence on both British society and the world?
1.The Industrial Revolution exerts a great influence on both British society and the world.2.The Industrial Revolution was not only a technological revolution but also a great social upheaval.3.The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production.4.Britain began to produce large quality of low-priced goods in a more efficient manner.Many new cities came into being;population increased;the home market was enlarged.British goods almost achieved a monopoly position in the world market.The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the “factory of the world”.5.A factory system was established.Workers were employed and managers became capitalists.Two conflicting classes were born.七.In what ways did Henry Ⅱ consolidate the monarchy?
八.Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?